432 INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY Vol. 19, No. 3

units of a compound; the word “component” refers to the units or parts of a mixture.

The introduction, where necessary, of new words into a language is a function of civilization, or rather the forerunner of enlightenment. In the order of this progress, however, i t is highly commendable to emphasize those finer distinctions which will lead to a more careful choice of words already existent but of indiscriminate use.

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL WASHINGTON, D. C.

January 31, 1927

WILLIAM J. HALE

More Substitutes for “Substitute” Editor of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry:

The suggestion for a word replacing “substitute” is offered in a new word “synthecate” or “synthenate,” the euphony and proper ending or suffix being a matter for an etymologist, which by definition would infer all that “substitute” indicates except the concept of inferiority.

This word by usage and definition could be symbolic, not for devices, bu t for materials which have been or could be super- seded in the arts and sciences by materials that have been literally synthesized, or by those materials that have been made from new processes.

414 HELLERMAN ST. PHILADELPHIA, P A .

January 23, 1927

F. W. HARTZEL

. . . . . . . . . . . . Editor of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry:

I n the January, 1927, number of INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY you ask for a substitute for the word “substitute.” May I suggest the word “permute”? I t s present meaning is rather “interchange” than “substitution,” but it might also mean “exchange, commutation, or transposition.” It has almost the meaning of our old English, north-country word “swap”-“Don’t swap horses in midstream.” The word “permute” has the following advantages: (1) I t s etymology is good; ( 2 ) it is short; (3) i t may be used as noun or verb without any alteration; (4) i t becomes an adjective by adding “d.” Other advantages will probably occur to you.

CHEMICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY HERBERT HENSTOCK SCHOOL GARDENS

SHREWSBURY, ENGLAND February 1 , 1927

Editor of Industrial and Engineering Chem.istry: Procrastination won, and last month when I read your request

for a word I did not put i t in writing. However, I feel aided and abetted after reading the suggestions in the February issue of INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY.

With due consideration and thorough convictions as to its merits, I offer “parproduct.” Write this as you will, with a hyphen after “par” or as one word, i t still conveys to the greater percentage of people the prime idea of equality. It has no diffi- cult syllables and may be easily and readily spoken.

In cases where a little extra merit is desired to he impressed we might have “suparproduct.”

THE LILLY RESEARCH LABORATORIES A. LEE CALDWELL ELI LILLY AND C O W P A N Y

INDIANAPOLIS, IND. February 8, 1927

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Editor of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry:

certain cases, I would say a word. Regarding the hunt for a better word than “substitute” in

Firstly, i t is better to use a

word already in the language, if one can be found and adapted t o a new use, than i t is to concoct one out of hand. So, I suggest “vicarium.” A “vicarius” is a person who acts in the place of another; by merely changing the gender to neuter we have “vicarium” for a thing that acts in place of another thing. The word has the advantage of suggesting neither inferiority nor superiority, but only function.

WILLIAMSTOWN, MASS. February 7 , 1927

LAUNCELOT W. ANDREW’S

Standard Methods for the Sampling and Analysis of Commercial Fats and

Oils-Correction The following corrections should be made in this report [THIS

JOURNAL, 18, 1346 (1926)l:

Page 1351, column 1, line under Reichert-Meissl and Polenske Numbers should read: (A 0. A. C. Methods, Modified).

Page 1351, column 2, last sentence, first paragraph under Index of Refraction should read: Determine the index of re- fraction with any standard instrument, reading oils and fats at 40’ C.

Page 1352, column 2, Acetyl Value, last two lines under Method should read: S = saponification number before acetyli- zation, S’ = saponification number after acetylization.

W. D. RICHARDSON, Chairman

Systematic Refining of Cracked Dis tillates-Correc t ion

The arrow or equality sign in equation (3) on the bottom of page ’734 in my article under this title, THIS JOURNAL, 18, 733 (1926), should be shifted to the right of the reactant and the plus sign added to conform to the equations shown above, which are summed up to give the equation:

R-S .-’> + 2HzSO4 (coned.)+ 1 + 2H20 + SO2 + PhSO4 R-S R-S (3)

JACQUE C. MORRSLL

Calendar of Meetings American Chemical Society-73rd Meeting, Richmond, Va.,

April 11 to 16, 1927. 74th hleeting, Detroit, Mich., Sep- tember 5 to 10, 1927.

Midwest Regional Meeting-Chicago, Ill., May 27 and 28, 1927.

Division of Colloid Chemistry-Fifth National Colloid Sym- posium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., June

Second National Symposium on Organic Chemistry-Colum-

American Electrochemical Society-Benjamin Franklin Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa., April 28 to 30, 1927. Fall Meeting in the form of an excursion through the Northwest, September 4 t o 20, 1927.

American Institute of Chemical Engineers-Cleveland, Ohio, May 31 to June 3, 1927.

American Leather Chemists’ Association-Cincinnati, Ohio, June 15 to 17, 1927.

American Society for Testing Materials-Annual Meeting, French Lick, Ind., June 20 to 24, 1927.

Eleventh Annual Exposition of Chemical Industries-Grand Central Palace, New York, N. Y., September 26 to October 1, 1927,

B 22 to 24, 1927.

bus, Ohio, December 29 to 31, 1927.