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3rd Annual3rd AnnualGreat Corporate DebateGreat Corporate Debate

Corporate Team Training Session # 1

June 1 & 3, 2009Stephen Buchanan

Education Consulting

Corporate Team Corporate Team Training Session # 1Training Session # 1

June 1 June 1 && 3, 20093, 2009Stephen BuchananStephen Buchanan

Education ConsultingEducation Consulting

Outline of Session # 1:

Intro of Trainer Stephen Buchanan and Teams/Participants

Great Corporate Debate Overview Contest, Rules, Format, Judging criteriaAMCHAM CHILE HandbookLast year’s debate process and results

PPT Presentation (and Handouts) A. Public Speaking and Presentation Skills

Interactive Public Speaking – Impromptu topics

B. Fundamentals of Argument and Debate1. Debate

Debate ElementsPersuasion

2. Argument, Reasoning and Analysis in Debating PropositionsArgumentReasoningAnalysisGroup Exercises

3. Propositions of Policy

4. Research, Preparation and Development of EvidenceSources of MaterialTypes of EvidenceRecording Data

C. Basic Debate Elements and Format Constructive and Rebuttal, Affirmative and NegativeTimeline of Presentations Flowing

Homework and Preparation for next session (Handouts to review)

Introduction of GCD Process,

Teams and Trainer

Intro of Trainer, Teams and Participants

Individual “Bio” Presentations to Group

Professional backgroundsSpecial skill or achievementGoals for GCD competition

Great Corporate Debate Review

Contest, Rules, Format, Judging CriteriaAMCHAM GCD HandbookProcess of trainingSchedule of training Sessions

AMCHAM CHILE GCD Handbook

ContestRulesFormat

3 Training Sessions3 Training SessionsFirst session First session –– Public Speaking, Elements Public Speaking, Elements

of debateof debateJune 1 / June 3June 1 / June 3

Second Session Second Session –– Process and StrategiesProcess and StrategiesJune 8 / June 10June 8 / June 10

33rdrd Session Session –– Practice DebatesPractice DebatesJune 15 / June 17June 15 / June 17

Public Speaking and Presentation Skills

Public Speaking and Presentation Skills

Presentation SkillsPersonalityVoiceEye Contact and Facial ExpressionBody Movement, Gestures and PosturePreparation and PracticeUse of Notes and Flow SheetsPoliteness, Formality and Professionalism

5 C5 C’’s: Competitive, Confident, Courteous, s: Competitive, Confident, Courteous, Credible and CommandingCredible and Commanding

Review HandoutsReview Handouts

Interactive ExercisesInteractive Exercises

Impromptu TopicsImpromptu Topics

Make a case and Prove your case ! !

Fundamentals of Fundamentals of Argument and Argument and

DebateDebate

“power of logical thinking combined with clear expression”

What is debate?

Debate is the process of presenting arguments for or against a propositionPropositions of fact, value and policyWe will argue propositions of policy in our

debatesPolicy propositions will propose a course

of action for the future – a change from the status quo

Value of debate?Critical ThinkingResearch SkillsOrganization and ArrangementOral Communication SkillsListening SkillsNote Taking Skills (Flowing)Ethics of AdvocacyCareer SkillsKnowledge about the WorldLeadership

Code of the DebaterFOR MYSELF:

I will research my topic and know what I am talking about.I will respect the subject matter of my debates.I will choose persuasion over coercion and violence.I will, in a debate, use the best arguments I can to support

the side I am on.

FOR OTHERS:I will respect their rights to freedom of speech and

expression, even though we may disagree.I will be honest about my arguments and evidence and

those of others.

The Definition of Argument and Purpose of Debate is to Persuade

Persuasion

Logos, Ethos, Pathos

PersuasionForms of Persuasion

Logos, Ethos, PathosDynamic Communication Skills1st ImpressionsEnergy levelPositive Attitude

Argument, Reasoning and Analysis

in Debating Propositions

Argument, Reasoning and Analysisin Debating Propositions

ArgumentDefinitionFacts/premise (+ assumption) Conclusion

ReasoningReasoning is the process of drawing

conclusions from facts or premises


Argument Assumptions:Comparison / AnalogyCause and EffectRepresentative Sampling (Survey)Numbers and LogicImplementation


ReasoningInductive ReasoningDeductive ReasoningCausal (Cause / Effect) ReasoningAnalogous (Comparison) ReasoningEvidence (Statistical, Witness, etc) Reasoning

Inductive ReasoningInductive Reasoning

Based on probability.Based on probability.Move from specific to general.Move from specific to general.

The sun has come up in the east as long The sun has come up in the east as long as I can remember.as I can remember.The sun will come up in the east tomorrow The sun will come up in the east tomorrow morning.morning.

Depends on statistics, studies, surveys, etc.Depends on statistics, studies, surveys, etc.

Deductive ReasoningDeductive Reasoning

Conclusions are drawn from the premises.Conclusions are drawn from the premises.Move from the general to the specific.Move from the general to the specific.

e.g. Syllogismse.g. SyllogismsHuman beings will die. Human beings will die. (major premise)(major premise)John Smith is a human being. John Smith is a human being. (minor premise)(minor premise)John Smith will die. John Smith will die. (conclusion)(conclusion)

Depends on logic.Depends on logic.

Other ways of influencing Other ways of influencing through reasoningthrough reasoning

Causal reasoning Causal reasoning = cause and effect= cause and effectconsider sole cause, contributing causes, consider sole cause, contributing causes, counteracting causescounteracting causes

Reasoning by analogy Reasoning by analogy = similar situations & = similar situations & examplesexamples

evaluate similarities vs. differencesevaluate similarities vs. differences


Analysis:Analysis is the process of discovering and understanding all the parts or all the divisions of a subject and their interrelationships. In debate, analysis is the process of discovering the parts of a subject with the goal of studying it to discover the arguments available for influencing others.


Stock Issues and Ways to Divide Subjects:ChronologicalSpatialTopicalPsychologicalLogical


Analysis by definition:Logical definitionBy exampleBy comparisonBy ContrastBy SynonymBy Etymology or OriginBy NegationBy Enumeration or DivisionBy AuthorityBy History

Group Exercises Group Exercises ––Argument AnalysisArgument Analysis

Argument Analysis # 1The following appeared as part of an article in the business The following appeared as part of an article in the business section of a local newspaper.section of a local newspaper.

“The owners of the Cumquat Café evidently made a good business decision in moving to a new location, as can be seen from the fact that the Café will soon celebrate its second anniversary there. Moreover, it appears that businesses are not likely to succeed at the old location: since the Café’s move, three different businesses — a tanning salon, an antique emporium, and a pet-grooming shop — have occupied its former spot.”Discuss how well reasoned this argument is. What is the premise? What is the conclusion? What assumptions are you asked to make? Why can’t you assume these things?What additional facts would allow us to reach this conclusion?

Argument Analysis # 2

The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.

““Over time, the costs of processing go down because as Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 33--byby--55--inch print fell from 50 cents for fiveinch print fell from 50 cents for five--day service in 1970 to day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one20 cents for one--day service in 1984. The same principle applies day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twentycelebrate its twenty--fifth birthday, we can expect that our long fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.profits.””

Discuss how well reasoned this argument is. What is the Discuss how well reasoned this argument is. What is the premise? What is the conclusion? What assumptions are you premise? What is the conclusion? What assumptions are you asked to make? Why canasked to make? Why can’’t you assume these things?t you assume these things? What What additional facts would allow us to reach this conclusion?additional facts would allow us to reach this conclusion?

Debating Propositions We are arguing “Propositions of Policy”-- Not “Fact” or “Value” propositions, but facts and values will be part of the policy/ies proposed to be changed or improved.

How to analyze and address a proposition:Is there a problem and how serious is it?What are the various solutions, with the advantages and disadvantages of each?What is the best solution?

Debating Propositions The The affirmative team affirmative team in a policy proposition debate is saying in a policy proposition debate is saying that the current system/policy (or whatever the issue) has that the current system/policy (or whatever the issue) has problems and needsproblems and needs to be changed; therefore, their to be changed; therefore, their proposition is a plan to create a better system/policy (or proposition is a plan to create a better system/policy (or whatever) different from the status quo.whatever) different from the status quo.For example:For example:Should the Roman Catholic Church change its current position ofShould the Roman Catholic Church change its current position of forbidding the use forbidding the use

of contraception?of contraception?Should the government use tax or policy to encourage the use ofShould the government use tax or policy to encourage the use of cars which are not cars which are not

fueled by fueled by ““petroleumpetroleum””??Should Chile's current toll roads be opened to all the public aShould Chile's current toll roads be opened to all the public at no charge?t no charge?

The affirmative in the policy proposition debate would say The affirmative in the policy proposition debate would say "yes" to these issues and propose a plan of change."yes" to these issues and propose a plan of change.The Roman Catholic Church should change its current position of The Roman Catholic Church should change its current position of forbidding the use forbidding the use

of contraception. of contraception. The government should use tax or policy to encourage the use ofThe government should use tax or policy to encourage the use of cars which are not cars which are not

fueled by petrol.fueled by petrol.Chile's current toll roads should be opened to all the public aChile's current toll roads should be opened to all the public at no charge.t no charge.

Debating Propositions Main Issues in Propositions of Policy:

Are evils caused by the present system?Are these evils great enough to demand a change?Are the evils inherent and impossible to repair in the present system?Will the proposed solution remove the evils?Is the proposed solution free from objections?Is the proposed solution the best?

Debating Propositions Steps in Preliminary Analysis of a Proposition:Determine the cause for discussion of the topicDefine clearly the terms to be usedDevelop a brief history of the proposition or subjectOutline the factors of universal agreement covered by the proposition. What are the common areas of agreement we can assume?Make a statement of the main issues involved in the propositions

Debating Propositions

GOAL: Understanding the elements of a proposition allow the debater to better

attack, argue, support or defend it.

Research, Preparation and Development of Evidence


Sources of MaterialYourselfOpinions and Knowledge of Others

DiscussionPersonal InterviewsLetters and e-mailObservationExperiments and ResearchLibrariesInternet Research


Types of EvidenceFactualStatisticalOpinions of AuthoritiesTestimony of WitnessesDocuments, legal papers


Recording DataComputer (not permitted in the actual debate)

PaperIndex cards

ExercisesExercises

Topics to:Persuade

ArgueAttack

and Defend

See handout of Persuasion topics

Debate Elements and Format

Debate Elements and Format

Debate Process and Format

Format – Constructive and Rebuttal (Affirmative and Negative)

• Affirmative: for the motion, problem in the status quo, solution or proposal to solve that problem: burden of proof, prove the case.

• Negative: against the motion, just denies, say no (and why), rebuttals. Could present a case/counterplan.

Team Order of PresentationsResponsibilities of PresentersFlowing or Flow Sheeting

TIMELINE FOR A POLICY DEBATETIMELINE FOR A POLICY DEBATE

CONSTRUCTIVECONSTRUCTIVEFirst Affirmative Constructive First Affirmative Constructive 1AC 1AC –– 3 min3 min

First Negative ConstructiveFirst Negative Constructive 1NC 1NC –– 3 min3 min

Second Affirmative ConstructiveSecond Affirmative Constructive 2AC 2AC –– 4 min4 min

Second Negative ConstructiveSecond Negative Constructive 2NC 2NC –– 4 min4 min

REBUTTALREBUTTALFirst Negative RebuttalFirst Negative Rebuttal 1NR 1NR –– 5 min5 min

First Affirmative RebuttalFirst Affirmative Rebuttal 1AR 1AR –– 5 min5 min

Second Negative RebuttalSecond Negative Rebuttal 2NR 2NR –– 2 min2 min

Second Affirmative RebuttalSecond Affirmative Rebuttal 2AR 2AR –– 2 min2 min

Debate Process and FormatDebate Format

1st part: constructive speeches

1st Affirmative1st Affirmative3 minutes3 minutesIntroductionIntroduction

1st Negative1st Negative3 minutes3 minutesIntroductionIntroduction

2nd Affirmative2nd Affirmative4 minutes4 minutes

ConstructiveConstructive

2nd Negative2nd Negative4 minutes4 minutes

ConstructiveConstructive

Case: thesis, Case: thesis, definition of terms, definition of terms,

argumentsargumentsFrameworkFramework

Decision Decision criterionscriterions

ClashClashTopicalityTopicality

Rebuttal 1ARebuttal 1A((CounterplanCounterplan))

Close caseClose casePrepare Prepare

opposition blockopposition blockRebuttal 1NRebuttal 1N

Rebuttal 1A and Rebuttal 1A and 2A2A

Defensive Defensive argumentsarguments(Close case)(Close case)

Ethos, Pathos, Ethos, Pathos, LogosLogos

Ethos, Pathos, Ethos, Pathos, LogosLogos

LogosLogos LogosLogos

Debate Process and FormatDebate Format

2nd part: rebuttal speeches

3rd Negative3rd Negative5 minutes5 minutesRebuttalRebuttal

3rd Affirmative3rd Affirmative5 minutes5 minutesRebuttalRebuttal

4th Negative4th Negative2 minutes2 minutesConclusionConclusion

4th Affirmative4th Affirmative2 minutes2 minutesConclusionConclusion

No new No new argumentsarguments

Defensive Defensive argumentsarguments

Refute allRefute all


Defensive Defensive argumentsarguments

Refute allRefute all


SummarySummarySynthesisSynthesis


SummarySummarySynthesisSynthesis

LogosLogos LogosLogos Logos, PathosLogos, Pathos Logos, PathosLogos, Pathos

Flowing / Flow SheetingTaking notes properly ("flow sheeting“ or "flowing“ is the debate term) is an essential entry level skill . . . In order to answer arguments by your opponents, you must be able to write them down so that you can remember them and respond to them in order. Likewise, your flow sheet becomes the text which you use when you speak. . . it becomes the notes which you speak from . . . More than any other skill besides speaking itself, flow sheeting is important to your debate experience....and important to winning.

See Handouts

Debate Process and Format

HomeworkHomework

Debate Process Debate Process and Strategiesand Strategies

Review the handout materials before next session