Volume 9 Issue 16 July 17 2013

Cooperative Extension Cornell Vegetable Program

Cornell University

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Contents General

Bejo Seeds Open House and Demo Trials 2013 7

Dates 8

Sponsors 9

Weather Charts 9

Crops Crops Tidbits amp Insights 3-5 Cole Crops Control of Worm Pests 7 Onions Word of Caution When Using Adjuvants 6 PotatoTomato Late Blight Confirmed in WNY amp CNY 1 PotatoTomato Late Blight Risk 2 Sweet Corn Trap Network Report 71613 5 Watermelons Low Fruit Set 8

Late Blight Confirmed in Potatoes amp Tomatoes in WNY amp CNY by Carol MacNeil Cornell Vegetable Program

continued on page 2

Late blight (LB) in potatoes and tomatoes has been confirmed in a commercial field and a garden in Erie County a commercial field in Genesee County and in a commercial field in Madison County There is also an unconfirmed report in potatoes in another Western NY county (Both of the Erie County samples and the Madison County sample were identified as US-23) LB fungicide applications have stopped the spread In all three cases wet soils prevented a spray for nearly three weeks For the most current info on LB confirmations go to usablightorg I expect LB to pop up in many more fields and gardens over the next weeks Immediate action is needed to limit spread and losses In cloudy weather LB spores can move on winds and cause infection up to 30 miles away

Scout your fields carefully Especially check fields where spray schedules have been stretched near tree lines inaround wet spots in small protected fields Inspect lower leaves and stems also new growth since the last spray and everything in between includ-ing tomato fruit LB lesions are characterized by small to large dark spots which spread ir-regularly across leaf veins (Photo 1) The margin of the lesion may appear light green Fine

Photo 1 Late blight on potato leaves Photo Carol MacNeil Cornell Vegetable Program

Photo 2 2012 potato stems with white sporulation Photo Denny Reynolds Allegany Co

Photo 3 Late blight on tomato leaf sunny mid-day Photo Meg McGrath Cornell

continued from cover - Late Blight Confirmed in Potatoes amp Tomatoes in WNY amp CNY

Volume 9 Issue 16 July 17 2013 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 2

white sporulation (LB spores) may be seen after at least ten hours of high humidity (Photo 2) On a warm sunny day lesions dry up and appear tan with a light green margin (Photo 3) From Abby Seaman NYS IPM Vegeta-ble Coordinator How to scout for LB view a video at httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uCzIFVfyNow

If LB is detected or suspected contact us ASAP for positive identification and for determination of the LB strain by Bill Fryrsquos lab Cornell Collect at least five leavesstems with fungal lesions on otherwise fresh healthy green foliage and seal in a blown up plastic bag Add no water or paper towels Keep the bag out of the sun and at indoor temperatures Donrsquot refrigerate Contact Carol MacNeil crm6cornelledu or 585-313-8796 John Gibbons jpg10cornelledu or 585-394-3977 x405 or another member of the Cornell Vegetable Program staff We can sometimes diag-nose LB by good quality photos Take a few close-ups Be sure theyrsquore in focus before sending) Photograph two to three leaves with lesions stems with lesions filling the frame with the leaves LB doesnrsquot survive very long on sampled foliage If you canrsquot get a sample to us in a day or two see the article on Late Blight Sample Collection amp Submission to Bill Fry Cornell on the CVP website

If LB is found destroy hotspots and a wide margin around them with a fast acting herbicide like Gramoxone by repeated discing (thoroughly clean) or by cutting staked tomato stems at the soil line If aerial applica-tion is being done scout carefully near trees and power lines Consider spraying those areas by ground since LB has first appeared in such areas If LB is detected or suspected or if spray intervals have been stretched spray the affected field and those around it as soon as possible prefera-bly with a systemic or translaminar (movement from upper to lower leaf surface) fungicide specifically recommended for LB Some of the best ma-terials during this part of the season are Excellent Ridomil Gold Bravo systemic curative (only if LB US-22 or US-23 have

been identified ndash not effective against other LB strains)

Good Previcur Flex systemic curative mix with a protectant Presidio translaminar curative (for tomatoes only) mix with a pro-

tectant Revus Top translaminar somewhat curative

Fair (for Organic Production) Approved copper formulations contact

See Tom Zitterrsquos potato and tomato articles on fungicides for manage-ment of LB on potatoes and tomatoes on the CVP website 2013 Potato Fungicide Ratings (in order of preference ndash Best to Poorest) with empha-sis on the control of late blight July 2013 Overview of Tomato (T) Egg-plant (E) and Pepper (P) Fungicide Roster scroll down to Late Blight Fun-gicides July 2013 and Effectiveness of Tomato Fungicides Against Com-mon Diseases Jan 2013 If you would like print copies of these articles contact Angela Parr at 585-394-3977 x426

Also see the 2013 Cornell Vegetable Guidelines Potatoes Disease Man-agement - Late Blight at httpveg-guidelinesccecornelledu24framesethtml For organic producers see the 2013 Production Guide for Organic Potatoes at httpnysipmcornelleduorganic_guideveg_org_guideasp

Late Blight Risk

C MacNeil CVP See the cover article in this issue ldquoLate Blight Confirmed in Potatoes amp Tomatoes in Western amp Central NYrdquo

Weather has generally been favorable for late blight (LB) again this week but has eased up in some locations Blight units (BU) for the past week are listed in the chart Predicted BUs for the next 3 days based on the National Weather Service (NWS) fore-cast are also listed Warning Forecast BUs change day by day just like the weather For a susceptible variety the threshold is 30 BUs after spraying the high rate of chloro-thalonil In the past week LB has been con-firmed on one farm and a garden in Erie County one farm in Genesee County one farm in Madison County and an uncon-firmed report in another Western NY coun-ty It has also been confirmed in Lancaster Co PA in western MI in Aroostock Co ME and in MA See usablightorg for the latest info Info on LB strain identified is also pro-vided

If you think you might have LB contact Carol MacNeil at 585-313-8796 or John Gibbons at 585-394-3977 x405

1 Weather stations For more sites httpnewacornelledu 2 Passed Week Simcast Blight Units (BUs) 3 Predicted Simcast Blight Units (BUs)

Location1 Blight Units2

710-716

Location1 Blight Units2

710-716

Blight Units3

717-719

Blight Units3

717-719

Albion 22 Medina 27 6 7

Appleton 18 Penn Yan 12 6 12

Baldwinsville NA Ransomville NA NA NA

Buffalo 0 Rochester 15 5 4

Ceres NA NA Romulus 34 11

Elba 31 Silver Creek 30 6 7

Gainesville NA Sodus 29 NA 10

Geneva (Bejo)

18 Versailles NA 10 NA

Kendall 21 Williamson 0 5 11

Lodi 5 Wolcott 31 11 11

Late Blight Risk Chart 71613

July 17 2013 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 3

Volume 9 Issue 16

CABBAGE AND OTHER COLE CROPS Not surprisingly the heat has brought about all the worm pests including diamondback moth (DBM) im-ported cabbage worm (ICW) and even cabbage loop-ers (CL) ICW is especially problematic when it gets into the head of broccoli (Fig 1) and should be con-trolled preventatively once head formation begins In seedlings treatment is warranted if 20 (all worms included) of plants are infested The threshold rises to 30 infestation in the early vegetative to cupping stage and then drops to 5 through harvest See ldquoRelative efficacy of Insecticides for Control of Worm Pests in Cole Cropsrdquo Interestingly Japanese beetle has shown up in some Cole crops over the last couple of weeks (Fig 2) According to Dan Gilrein Cornell Entomologist on Long Island Japanese beetles seem to be discovering new commodities this year Light injury to unmarketed portions should not be of any concern The population is probably at about peak now and should be declining soon Insecticides used for worms that would also provide some control of Japanese beetle include Sevin and BrigadeHero

DRY BEANS A few growers have planted beans this past week Post-emergence herbicides are going on the later beans Some growers are cultivating Western bean cutworm (WBC) moths were caught in traps near dry bean fields during the past week after a slow start this season Six moths were caught in a trap in Wyoming three in the historically hotspot of Attica The threshold is a cumulative catch of 150 moths so these numbers are very low

ONIONS It was another good week for growing onions in Western New York Earliest transplanted onions are especially looking very good with some of the crop expected to be pulled this week ndash avoid windrowing onions when temperatures and relative humidity are in the 90s to prevent sunscald and black mold

Itrsquos July And with the heat wave come the onion thrips Get ready to climb the summit portion of the onion thrips mountain Hot and dry conditions in combination with harvest of wheat and hay can result in explosive buildup of onion thrips populations So far applications of Agri-Mek to transplanted onions have reportedly worked very well keeping thrips populations below 1 OT per leaf In direct seeded on-ions first applications of Movento that were applied without Bravo have dropped or held thrips populations from last week At this time with the high heat and expected greater onion thrips pressure several growers are opting to make their second application of Movento one week after the first application instead of riding out the first application and skipping the second as had proved effective on trans-planted onions in June Past experience has demonstrated that two apps of Movento 7 days apart results in a knockdown of thrips that should hold the population for at least a week if not 2 weeks Also on small-scale upland onions both conventional pyrethroid (eg Perm-up) and organic pyrethrin (eg Pyganic) are effectively holding down this early thrips pressure For organic growers Entrust is a very good option to rotate with Pyganic for resistance management and improved control See July 10 issue of VEW for control recommendations for onion thrips Use caution when using adjuvants with Movento Agri-Mek and Radiant ndash see article page 6

Despite seemingly unfavorable weather for downy mildew this disease is still spreading This week new infection sites were again detect-ed on the periphery of an infection site that was detected 2 weeks ago despite stringent application of fungicides Ridomil Gold mancozeb phosphorous acid and Quadris Although it has been a seemingly discouraging battle at this site without fungicides the onions would be severely defoliated by now It also demonstrates how challenging it is to control this very aggressive defoliating disease of onions Also this week infection sites about 1 week old were detected in transplanted and direct seeded onions in Elba that had been treated with protectant fungicides for DM and new infections in upland onions were detected in Monroe County Even though daytime and night time temperatures are forecast in the 90s and 70s for the next few days which should stop this disease in its tracks since the spores are out currently out there it would be prudent to continue preventative sprays of mancozeb andor Quadris for downy mildew on all onions again this week Quadris also provides protection against Purple blotch which is the most important leaf disease of onion to manage at this time Scala and Rovral (ai iprodione) also have activity on PB

PEPPERS The first field peppers are making their way to market this week The crop looks healthy overall with ample moisture adequate tempera-tures and low flights of European Corn Borer However slugs are causing both foliar and fruit damage to plantings throughout the region (see photo) Although control of this pest is often discussed within entomology it could easily be placed within marine biology as slugs are mollusks closer relatives to squid than squash bugs Therefor control is not often achieved with insecticides

In 2011 we faced similar challenges From our newsletter ldquoSlugs thrive in situations where there is high organic matter including decaying plant tissue Although we promote soil conservation measures such as mulch and the inter-seeding of cover crops these

CROPS Tidbits amp Insights

Figure 2 Japanese beetle feeding on periphery of broccoli - light feeding should not be a concern Photo Christy Hoepting Cornell Vegetable Program

Figure 1 Imported cabbage worm hidden inside broccoli head where it can serve as a contaminant Photo Christy Hoepting Cornell Vegetable Program

continued on next page

July 17 2013 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 4

Volume 9 Issue 16

practices encourage slugs Conversely tillage lowers slug populations Thus there is no single recommendation to make as there are more goals than slug control when one considers how to approach soil man-agement Fortunately there are some chemical control options organ-ic and otherwiserdquo

CVP Specialist Christine Hoepting has conducted several years of re-search on slug control in cabbage much of which applies to peppers One of her important findings was that the most effective material metaldehyde (Deadline Bullets) can be applied at 20 lbsac once per season to achieve significant control Deadline Bullets is labeled for slug control in peppers and not prohibited from greenhouse use Growers applying Lannate LV to control aphids in peppers may see incidental control of slugs although we hesitate to recommend mate-rials with such acute human toxicity Check out the details of Christyrsquos work at httpbitly18myrIa

Iron phosphate (Sluggo) remains the only organic control but fortunately is effective and labeled for greenhouse (and high tunnel) appli-cations The rate is approximately 1lb per 1000 sq ft or 20-44 lbs per acre

POTATOES The last potatoes have been planted Later planted potatoes have been hilled The crop is growing rapidly Growers are getting caught up with sprays Potato foliage with very small dark specks were found in the lower area of a field (Photo 1) The symptoms are typical of ozone injury Potatoes are quite susceptible The hot humid weather recent-ly causes air pollutants to settle on crops From Steve Reiners Cornell Stagnant air masses may lead to ozone damage on crops Common ozone symptoms are small irregular spots on upper leaf surfaces that range in color from dark brown to black (stipplelike) or light tan to white (flecklike) Very young and old leaves are less susceptible to ozone while newly mature leaves are the most susceptible With se-vere damage symptoms may extend to the lower leaf surface

PROCESSSING CROPS Beets - Beets are a mixed bag There are some decent looking fields and others that have suffered from the rain and soil compaction or crusting The signs of stress are small plants with purplish foliage Growers have been out cultivating fields and sidedressing with nitrogen

Cercospora leaf spot was present in all 10 fields that we scouted this week A num-ber of the fields were at the threshold of 1 lesion per leaf (see general article on page 4 of the July 3 issue of Veg Edge Weekly) One field also had hot-spots of plants that were severely infected with Phoma leaf disease Cercospora appears as small circular lesions that are light tan to brown with a distinct dark brown to pur-ple halo Phoma leaf spot appears as lesions of various size and shape with a con-centric ring pattern and fruiting bodies of the pathogen When lesions of both pathogens mature the centers become gray and brittle and fall out Fields that are close to harvest do not need to be treated

Drs Abawi and Kikkert collected diseased leaves for a study to test for resistance to Quadris We did find resistance last year in a limited number of fields tested To manage fungicide resistance it may be best to begin sprays with propiconazole (PropiMax or Tilt) which is a different mode of action than Quadris (a strobilurin) Make no more than 2 consecutive sprays with PropiMaxTilt Quadris can be used in the rotation but make no more than 1 application before alternating Dr Abawi is testing additional products this year to obtain data for registration for these diseases in NY

Carrots - Cercospora and Rhizoctonia foliar diseases have both been detected locally Growers were finally able to get fungicide applica-tions on as fields began to dry out Weeds are problematic in a number of fields Some growers were cultivating and sidedressing with nitrogen this week Early carrots that have good growth are ready for hilling

Lima Beans - The crop that is in the ground is faring well Make sure to keep up with sprays for molds during flowering Products labeled in NY for white mold on lima beans are Topsin Endura Proline Rovral Meteor and Switch Those labeled for gray mold are Rovral Me-teor and Switch Note that Proline is not labeled for gray mold on lima beans even though it is labeled for this disease in snap beans

CROPS Tidbits amp Insights (continued)

Slug damage to peppers Photo Judson Reid Cornell Vegetable Program

Photo 1 Ozone injury on potatoes Photo Carol MacNeil Cornell Vegetable Program

Beet plant infected with Cercospora leaf spot and Phoma leaf disease Photo Julie Kikkert Cornell Vegetable Program

Cercospora leaf spot

Phoma leaf disease

July 17 2013 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 4

Volume 9 Issue 16

practices encourage slugs Conversely tillage lowers slug populations Thus there is no single recommendation to make as there are more goals than slug control when one considers how to approach soil man-agement Fortunately there are some chemical control options organ-ic and otherwiserdquo

CVP Specialist Christine Hoepting has conducted several years of re-search on slug control in cabbage much of which applies to peppers One of her important findings was that the most effective material metaldehyde (Deadline Bullets) can be applied at 20 lbsac once per season to achieve significant control Deadline Bullets is labeled for slug control in peppers and not prohibited from greenhouse use Growers applying Lannate LV to control aphids in peppers may see incidental control of slugs although we hesitate to recommend mate-rials with such acute human toxicity Check out the details of Christyrsquos work at httpbitly18myrIa

Iron phosphate (Sluggo) remains the only organic control but fortunately is effective and labeled for greenhouse (and high tunnel) appli-cations The rate is approximately 1lb per 1000 sq ft or 20-44 lbs per acre

POTATOES The last potatoes have been planted Later planted potatoes have been hilled The crop is growing rapidly Growers are getting caught up with sprays Potato foliage with very small dark specks were found in the lower area of a field (Photo 1) The symptoms are typical of ozone injury Potatoes are quite susceptible The hot humid weather recent-ly causes air pollutants to settle on crops From Steve Reiners Cornell Stagnant air masses may lead to ozone damage on crops Common ozone symptoms are small irregular spots on upper leaf surfaces that range in color from dark brown to black (stipplelike) or light tan to white (flecklike) Very young and old leaves are less susceptible to ozone while newly mature leaves are the most susceptible With se-vere damage symptoms may extend to the lower leaf surface

PROCESSSING CROPS Beets - Beets are a mixed bag There are some decent looking fields and others that have suffered from the rain and soil compaction or crusting The signs of stress are small plants with purplish foliage Growers have been out cultivating fields and sidedressing with nitrogen

Cercospora leaf spot was present in all 10 fields that we scouted this week A num-ber of the fields were at the threshold of 1 lesion per leaf (see general article on page 4 of the July 3 issue of Veg Edge Weekly) One field also had hot-spots of plants that were severely infected with Phoma leaf disease Cercospora appears as small circular lesions that are light tan to brown with a distinct dark brown to pur-ple halo Phoma leaf spot appears as lesions of various size and shape with a con-centric ring pattern and fruiting bodies of the pathogen When lesions of both pathogens mature the centers become gray and brittle and fall out Fields that are close to harvest do not need to be treated

Drs Abawi and Kikkert collected diseased leaves for a study to test for resistance to Quadris We did find resistance last year in a limited number of fields tested To manage fungicide resistance it may be best to begin sprays with propiconazole (PropiMax or Tilt) which is a different mode of action than Quadris (a strobilurin) Make no more than 2 consecutive sprays with PropiMaxTilt Quadris can be used in the rotation but make no more than 1 application before alternating Dr Abawi is testing additional products this year to obtain data for registration for these diseases in NY

Carrots - Cercospora and Rhizoctonia foliar diseases have both been detected locally Growers were finally able to get fungicide applica-tions on as fields began to dry out Weeds are problematic in a number of fields Some growers were cultivating and sidedressing with nitrogen this week Early carrots that have good growth are ready for hilling

Lima Beans - The crop that is in the ground is faring well Make sure to keep up with sprays for molds during flowering Products labeled in NY for white mold on lima beans are Topsin Endura Proline Rovral Meteor and Switch Those labeled for gray mold are Rovral Me-teor and Switch Note that Proline is not labeled for gray mold on lima beans even though it is labeled for this disease in snap beans

CROPS Tidbits amp Insights (continued)

Slug damage to peppers Photo Judson Reid Cornell Vegetable Program

Photo 1 Ozone injury on potatoes Photo Carol MacNeil Cornell Vegetable Program

Beet plant infected with Cercospora leaf spot and Phoma leaf disease Photo Julie Kikkert Cornell Vegetable Program

Cercospora leaf spot

Phoma leaf disease

Volume 9 Issue 16 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 5 July 17 2013

Growers should check with the processors as to which products are acceptable for their use

Snap Beans - Some fields have been abandoned due to water damage Planting of the later crop is underway with processors adjusting plans to work around fields that were lost or couldnrsquot be planted earlier Beans that are flowering should have fungicide and insecticide applications applied if the environmental conditions war-rant it

SWEET CORN Aphids seem to be a persistent pest on the crop this season with large number of insects feeding in and around the ears This can cause discoloration of the ear leaves making them unsightly for the marketplace It is best to get on some control measures quick because it seems it is not that easy to get rid of them Several different products may have to be used with alternate sprays to gain control but watch for the REI and PHI days to avoid issues at picking

With the onset of this hot dry weath-er one pest that has appeared in the past on a few plantings has been the two-spotted spider mite In small numbers they can be toler-ated on the corn but if the popula-tions build up on the plants early like the aphids they can feed on the ear leaves causing discolora-tion making them unattractive to customer Getting rid of mites when the popula-tions are this high is difficult Scout for mites now in plantings that are just coming out of whorl stage up through the start of tasseling Treat with appropriate prod-ucts with sufficient pressure to get the materials to have thorough coverage Sev-eral applications may be necessary

VINE CROPS Leaf diseases are popping up from the fallout of the previous wet weather system This stretch of hot and dry weather should help reduce the spread but dews in the morning are still providing adequate leaf wetness for problems to persist Anthracnose bacterial spot and powdery mildew are still showing up Downy mildew hasnrsquot been officially con-firmed yet here in WNY but new reports in OH MI and Ontario Canada will threaten our area On the east coast confirmations of several sites in NJ have also been reported Several suspect cucumber plants were found this week in our area so do not hesitate to get your management program in full gear for cucumbers and melons

With the wet weather of the past couple of weeks those fields with a history of Phytophthora have started to show symptoms Crown rot squash would be ex-pected if preventative management practices have not been applied Follow the Cornell Guideline recommendations for managing Phytophthora Look for plants that start wilting mid to late morning and then seem to recover late in the day Rogue out infected plants and destroy them to prevent spread

CROPS Tidbits amp Insights (continued)

Mite damage on the leaves (left) Photo NY IPM Weekly Report

Two-spotted spider mites (below) Photo

wikibugwoodorg

Downy mildew on cucumber

ECB - European corn borer CEW - corn earworm FAW - fall armyworm

WBC - western bean cutworm NA - not available

Marion Zeufle and Abby Seaman NYS

IPM Program

WNY Pheromone Trap Network Report 71613

Trap catches for all moths were up this week Seven sites reported European corn borer (ECB)-E and six had ECB-Z Corn ear-worm (CEW) was found at six sites with numbers at three sites in the range indi-cating a need for a six-day spray interval please see the chart at the bottom of this page Only two sites reported fall armyworm (FAW) but eight sites reported western bean cutworm (WBC) The WBC flight is just starting and numbers are too low to indi-cate a need for scouting at this time Wersquoll provide more information next week

Today we scouted a field in Tioga county at tassel emergence and observed both ECB and FAW damage The field scouted over threshold even though the trap catch num-bers at this site have been low The scouted field however was in a different location from the traps Each field is different and even if trap numbers are low and one field scouts below threshold it is still important to scout fields that are in different locations The ECB population can be very different between fields Remember that the thresh-old for silking corn is 5 infested and 15 for tassel emerging corn

I also received one report of corn leaf aphids being found The threshold for corn leaf aphid at tassel emergence is 50 of plants with more than 20 aphids

ECB ECB

Location -E -Z CEW FAW WBC

Baldwinsville (Onondaga)

0 0 0 0 0

Batavia (Genesee) 5 0 1 0 3

Bellona (Yates) 0 0 0 0 0

Eden (Erie) 0 0 3 0 2

Farmington (Ontario) 3 1 0 0 0

Hamlin (Monroe) 0 3 2 0 0

LeRoy (Genesee) 2 5 0 0 0

Lockport (Niagara) 0 0 0 0 0

Penn Yan (Yates) 0 0 0 0 1

Spencerport (Monroe)

0 0 2 0 2

Waterport (Orleans) 0 0 0 0 0

Williamson (Wayne) 0 0 0 0 0

WNY Pheromone Trap Catches July 16 2013

Volume 9 Issue 16 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 6

July 17 2013

A Word of Caution When Using Adjuvants in Onions

C Hoepting CVP What are adjuvants An adjuvant is any substance that is added to the spray tank to improve pesticide activity or application charac-teristics Surfactants are a type of acti-vator adjuvant that primarily reduces the surface tension between the spray droplets and the leaf surface allowing the pesticide to come into closer con-tact with the leaf surface thus aiding in absorption Surfactants can be nonionic (NIS) anionic cationic or organosili-cones and can have both spreader and penetrating properties Vegetable crop oil concentrates are another type of activator adjuvant that promotes the penetration of the pesticide through the waxy cuticle of the plant leaf

Adjuvants with penetrating properties are required for improved thrips con-trol - The new insecticides used to manage onion thrips in onions includ-ing Movento and Agri-Mek and Radi-ant have systemic and translaminar activity respectively Unlike their pre-decessors belonging to the pyrethroid and organophosphate chemical classes which had contact activity and required thorough spray coverage to achieve best performance these new insecti-cides need to get into the plant to be effective and must be accompanied by a penetrating surfactant to ensure best performance In fact Cornell onion entomologist Brian Nault has shown over numerous field studies that the addition of the adjuvants Induce (an NIS) MSO (methylated seed oil a vege-table crop oil) and Silwett L-77 (an or-ganosilicone) improved control of on-ion thrips by Movento Agri-Mek and Radiant by as much as 50 He also found a steady increase in thrips con-trol with Movento as he increased the rate of Induce from 005 to 05 vv Therefore using a penetrating adjuvant is highly recommended for best control of onion thrips with Movento Agri-Mek and Radiant Do adjuvants increase bacterial bulb decay Since some adjuvants can aid in moving pesticide molecules through the waxy cuticle and into the leaf there

very important that growers use adju-vants properly Be aware that not all adjuvants are

used at the same rate For example Kinetic and HiWett

are used at comparatively very low rates Kinetic 0125 vv = 10 pints

per 100 gal HiWett 00625 = 05 pints per

100 gal LI700 MSO Dyne-Amic 05 vv

= 4 pints per 100 gal For example if Kinetic and HiWett

were mixed the same as Dyne-Amic this would result in 4 and 8 times the recommended rate which could easily result in injury and increased bacterial bulb decay

Consider that necrotic spotting and leaf burn on your onions may be caused by adjuvant phytotoxicity

Double check calculations and measuring procedures

Consider using a lower rate anoth-er adjuvant or no adjuvant

Leaf injury may be caused by factors other than high rates of adjuvants such as herbicides For interest sake take note of fields where herbicide applica-tions caused significant leaf burn and see if these fields ended up with above average levels of bacterial bulb decay With the cool rainy spring timing con-tact herbicide applications to when onion leaves had a thick waxy cuticle was often impossible and for this rea-son generally there was more herbi-cide induced leaf injury than normal this season Do not apply Buctril and Chateau to

onions past the 5- and 6-leaf stages respectively or else severe leaf inju-ry may occur (which may result in increased bacterial bulb decay)

Research is planned to investigate the relationship between herbicide-induced leaf injury and bacterial diseas-es in onions

is concern in the onion industry by some that the use of adjuvants may be facilitating bacterial infections and caused increased bulb decay In 2012 Hoepting and Beer conducted prelimi-nary field trials to address this issue

The preliminary results showed that a single application of standard rates of adjuvants LI700 05 vv (non-ionic surfactant) MSO 05 vv (vegetable crop oil) Kinetic 0125 vv (organosilicone) Dyne-Amic 05 vv (vegetable crop oil amp organosilicone blend by Helena) and HiWett 00625 vv (organosilicone blend by CPS) when applied in combination with bacterial inoculum of Burkholderia cepacia Pan-toea ananatis and Enterobactor cloa-cea did NOT affect bacterial bulb decay in 5 out of 5 data sets However more research is required to study the effect of multiple applications of adjuvants both with artificial inoculation and nat-ural infection of bacterial pathogens on the effect of bacterial bulb decay of onion Minimally adjuvants would be included in the tank mix every time Movento Agri-Mek or Radiant are sprayed on onions which can range from 1 to 8 times per season

Higher than labeled rates of adjuvants can cause injury - In a couple of the studies Hoepting and Beer applied 3 to 24 times the labeled rates of the adju-vants which caused significant leaf injury to the onions (Fig 1) And there was a strong correlation between adju-vant injury and incidence of bacterial bulb decay at harvest Therefore it is

Figure 1 Severe leaf burn caused by applying 24 times the labeled rate of adjuvant HiWett to onions 15 vv instead of 00625 vv (Hoepting et al 2012) Photo

Christy Hoepting CVP

Veg Edge Weekly

Page 7

Volume 9 Issue 16 July 17 2013

Control of Worm Pests in Cole Crops

C Hoepting CVP Following is a list of insecticides labeled for use on various cole crops with tentative efficacy ratings for control of imported cabbage worm (ICW) small and large cabbage looper (CL) and diamondback moth (DBM) which was put together by Cornell researchers in Long Island Growers and other researchers may have somewhat different opinions and results vary according to rates application method and frequency location etc so selection of controls should not be made solely based on this chart Not all materials are labeled for all crops or areas - check labels For most cole crops addition of a spreader-sticker is advised

Relative Efficacy of Insecticides for Control of Worm Pests in Cole Crops

Material Sm Lg Formulation amp Rate ICW CL CL DBM3

Ryanodine receptor modulator (Group 28) Synapse WG (3-5 fl oz) xxx xxx xxx xx amp Belt SC (2-24 fl oz)10

Spinosyns (Group 5) Radiant SC (5-10 fl oz) xxx xxx xxx xx

Diamides (Group 28) Coragen (35 ndash 5 fl oz) xxx xxx xxx xxx Voliam Xpress9 (5-9 fl oz) xxx xxx xxx xxx

Indoxacarb (Group 22) Avaunt 30WG6 (015 ndash 022 lb) xxx xxx xxx xxx

Avermectin (Group 6) Proclaim 5G (24 ndash 48 oz) xxx xxx xx2 xxx

Pyrethroids (Group 3A) Warrior T 1CS (192 ndash 32 fl oz) xxx xxx xx x Endigo ZC (4 ndash 45 fl oz)8 xxx xxx xx x Danitol 24 EC (106 ndash 16 fl oz) xxx xxx xx x BrigadeCapture 2EC (21 ndash 64 fl oz) xxx xx xx x2

PounceAmbush (005 ndash 02 lb ai) xxx xx x x Baythroid 2 (16 ndash 24 fl oz) xxx xx x2 x Ammo 25EC (25 ndash 5 fl oz) xxx xx2 x2 - Mustang 15EW (29 - 426 fl oz) xxx xx2 x2 - Asana XL 066EC (58 ndash 96 fl oz) xxx x2 x2 - Hero (4-103 oz) 7

Bts (Group 11) Bt kurstaki (see labels) xxx xx2 x2 x2

(Biobit Javelin DiPel Condor Crymax) Bt aizawai (see labels) xxx x x xx4

(Xentari Agree Ketch)

OPs (Group 1B) OrtheneAddress 75S97 (13 lb) xxx xx xx x

Carbamates (Group 1A) Lannate LV 24L (15 ndash 3 pt) xxx x2 x2 x2

Larvin 32F (16 ndash 40 fl oz) xxx x2 x2 x2

Sevin 80 Solupak (125-25 fl oz) x - - x

xxx = most effective (usually good control expected) x = least effective (fair or poor control) - not

labeled or not effective Not all formulations listed Rates in amount of formulated product unless

otherwise indicated

1 45 ndash 6 oz for CL 2 higher rates needed 3 Where insecticide resistance is not a problem better control of DBM with some materials may be expected 4 Bt aizawai may provide better control of DBM where populations are resistant to Bt kurstaki 5 some incidental control 6 Avaunt is not labeled for use on Long Island 7 Has not been trialed in University studies 8 a premix of Warrior + ActaraCruiser 9 A premix of Coragen + Warrior 10 Belt is replacing Synapse for all vegetable uses

Bejo Seeds Open House and Demonstration Trials 2013

Come join us August 27-28 to view a wide variety of quality vegetable crops at Bejorsquos Research amp Demonstration Farm at 4188 Pre Emption Road Geneva NY 14456 Open from 1000 am - 600 pm visitors can expect to see the following

Home amp Market Garden Exhibit

Commercial Strip Trials

Food Concept Sampling

Organic Variety Exhibit

Seed Dealer Displays

Product amp Equipment Demonstrations

Produce Market Displays

Refreshments plus a light lunch will be served on Tuesday August 27 To RSVP please call 315-789-4155

Noelle Allen Bejo Seeds

July 17 2013 Volume 9 Issue 16

Dateshellipvisit our website for a complete list of upcoming events VEGETABLE PEST AND CULTURAL MANAGEMENT FIELD MEETINGS

JULY 25 - Orleans County - Levi Staufer Farm 12667 Roosevelt Highway Lyndonville 14098 600 pm AUGUST 2 - Yates County - Daniel Garman Farm 3207 Ferguson Corners Rd Penn Yan 14527 600 pm AUGUST 8 - Chautauqua County - Reuben Miller Farm 7430 Clymer Center Rd Panama 14767 600 pm

FREE 175 DEC credits available in categories 1A 10 23 and 24 These meetings will demonstrate pest management in fresh market vege-tables in both field and greenhouse (high tunnel) vegetables primarily for those growing for wholesale auction A hands-on demonstra-tion of weed insect and disease identification in vegetables including management options such as inter-row cover crops grafting and where appropriate spray options will be used to educate growers Judson Reid Senior Extension Associate with the Cornell Vegetable Program will instruct participants and facilitate peer-based learning Cooperating farms will be selected to host the meetings as the sea-son progresses Details on each topic will focus on field observations at these farms General agenda can be found at cvpccecornelledu Call Jud at 585-313-8912 for more information

AUGUST 6 - PENNSYLVANIA VEGETABLE GROWERS ASSOCIATION FIELD DAY Penn State Southeast Agriculture Research and Extension Center (Landisville Farm) See the latest applied research and new equipment in the field $20 per person before July 30 $30 per person after Call 717-694-3596 or email pvgapvgaorg for more details and registration info

AUGUST 8 - ANNUAL ELBA MUCK ONION TWILIGHT MEETING 530 - 800 pm Starting at Mortellarorsquos Red Shop on Markyrsquos Muck Elba Muck land DEC credits have been applied for

AUGUST 27-28 - BEJO SEEDS OPEN HOUSE AND DEMONSTRATION TRIALS 2013 1000 am - 600 pm 4188 Pre Emption Rd Geneva 14456 View a wide variety of quality vegetable crops at Bejorsquos Research amp Demonstra-tion Farm (More info in July 3rd issue of Veg Edge Weekly pg 7) To RSVP call 315-789-4155

NOVEMBER 7 - TOMATO SCHOOL

NOVEMBER 8 - SQUASH SCHOOL

Veg Edge Weekly

Page 8

Dense watermelon canopy is sometimes accompanied by low fruit set and a high male-to-female flower ratio Photos Judson Reid Cornell Vegetable Program

Low Fruit Set in Watermelons

J Reid CVP Several growers reported anoma-lies in their watermelon crop this week Out-standing vigor and canopy is sometimes accom-panied by low fruit set and a high male-to-female flower ratio (see pic)

Vines have grown together to fill canopy on 6rsquo centers with knee deep foliage Unfortunately there arenrsquot a corresponding number of fruit There are several factors that could lead to this situation Seedless watermelons need to be planted

with a minimum of 25 seeded watermel-ons with many growers playing it safe at a 13 ratio (seeded to seedless)

Lack of pollinators No hives or hives distant from the field can decrease pollination The University of Florida notes that watermelon flowers are not the most attractive to bees and supplemental hives are ldquoa necessary component of any watermelon production endeavorrdquo Extended rainy weather this spring may have reduced flight activity

High nitrogen fertilization favors vegetative growth In one case clover was plowed down followed by pen pack and chicken manure Coupled with ample irrigation and rainfall this high fertility pushed vine growth to new levels of confidence Our recommen-dation is a total of 100-120 lbs Nac

Cool weather in spring may have reduced blossom set while vines continued to spread

Plants set at high densities may interfere with pollination Cornell recommends an in-row spacing of 3-4rsquo on 6-8rsquo centers

At one farm bee activity was prolific Professor Steve Reiners CU Dept of Hort notes in these circumstances that with good pollination growers can expect excellent large mel-ons However harvest may be delayed compared to other plantings In summary give watermelons plenty of room to grow moderate fertility and supplemental bee hives For seedless production plant enough seeded varieties within the same field to ensure fruit set

Volume 9 Issue 16 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 6

July 17 2013

A Word of Caution When Using Adjuvants in Onions

C Hoepting CVP What are adjuvants An adjuvant is any substance that is added to the spray tank to improve pesticide activity or application charac-teristics Surfactants are a type of acti-vator adjuvant that primarily reduces the surface tension between the spray droplets and the leaf surface allowing the pesticide to come into closer con-tact with the leaf surface thus aiding in absorption Surfactants can be nonionic (NIS) anionic cationic or organosili-cones and can have both spreader and penetrating properties Vegetable crop oil concentrates are another type of activator adjuvant that promotes the penetration of the pesticide through the waxy cuticle of the plant leaf

Adjuvants with penetrating properties are required for improved thrips con-trol - The new insecticides used to manage onion thrips in onions includ-ing Movento and Agri-Mek and Radi-ant have systemic and translaminar activity respectively Unlike their pre-decessors belonging to the pyrethroid and organophosphate chemical classes which had contact activity and required thorough spray coverage to achieve best performance these new insecti-cides need to get into the plant to be effective and must be accompanied by a penetrating surfactant to ensure best performance In fact Cornell onion entomologist Brian Nault has shown over numerous field studies that the addition of the adjuvants Induce (an NIS) MSO (methylated seed oil a vege-table crop oil) and Silwett L-77 (an or-ganosilicone) improved control of on-ion thrips by Movento Agri-Mek and Radiant by as much as 50 He also found a steady increase in thrips con-trol with Movento as he increased the rate of Induce from 005 to 05 vv Therefore using a penetrating adjuvant is highly recommended for best control of onion thrips with Movento Agri-Mek and Radiant Do adjuvants increase bacterial bulb decay Since some adjuvants can aid in moving pesticide molecules through the waxy cuticle and into the leaf there

very important that growers use adju-vants properly Be aware that not all adjuvants are

used at the same rate For example Kinetic and HiWett

are used at comparatively very low rates Kinetic 0125 vv = 10 pints

per 100 gal HiWett 00625 = 05 pints per

100 gal LI700 MSO Dyne-Amic 05 vv

= 4 pints per 100 gal For example if Kinetic and HiWett

were mixed the same as Dyne-Amic this would result in 4 and 8 times the recommended rate which could easily result in injury and increased bacterial bulb decay

Consider that necrotic spotting and leaf burn on your onions may be caused by adjuvant phytotoxicity

Double check calculations and measuring procedures

Consider using a lower rate anoth-er adjuvant or no adjuvant

Leaf injury may be caused by factors other than high rates of adjuvants such as herbicides For interest sake take note of fields where herbicide applica-tions caused significant leaf burn and see if these fields ended up with above average levels of bacterial bulb decay With the cool rainy spring timing con-tact herbicide applications to when onion leaves had a thick waxy cuticle was often impossible and for this rea-son generally there was more herbi-cide induced leaf injury than normal this season Do not apply Buctril and Chateau to

onions past the 5- and 6-leaf stages respectively or else severe leaf inju-ry may occur (which may result in increased bacterial bulb decay)

Research is planned to investigate the relationship between herbicide-induced leaf injury and bacterial diseas-es in onions

is concern in the onion industry by some that the use of adjuvants may be facilitating bacterial infections and caused increased bulb decay In 2012 Hoepting and Beer conducted prelimi-nary field trials to address this issue

The preliminary results showed that a single application of standard rates of adjuvants LI700 05 vv (non-ionic surfactant) MSO 05 vv (vegetable crop oil) Kinetic 0125 vv (organosilicone) Dyne-Amic 05 vv (vegetable crop oil amp organosilicone blend by Helena) and HiWett 00625 vv (organosilicone blend by CPS) when applied in combination with bacterial inoculum of Burkholderia cepacia Pan-toea ananatis and Enterobactor cloa-cea did NOT affect bacterial bulb decay in 5 out of 5 data sets However more research is required to study the effect of multiple applications of adjuvants both with artificial inoculation and nat-ural infection of bacterial pathogens on the effect of bacterial bulb decay of onion Minimally adjuvants would be included in the tank mix every time Movento Agri-Mek or Radiant are sprayed on onions which can range from 1 to 8 times per season

Higher than labeled rates of adjuvants can cause injury - In a couple of the studies Hoepting and Beer applied 3 to 24 times the labeled rates of the adju-vants which caused significant leaf injury to the onions (Fig 1) And there was a strong correlation between adju-vant injury and incidence of bacterial bulb decay at harvest Therefore it is

Figure 1 Severe leaf burn caused by applying 24 times the labeled rate of adjuvant HiWett to onions 15 vv instead of 00625 vv (Hoepting et al 2012) Photo

Christy Hoepting CVP

Veg Edge Weekly

Page 7

Volume 9 Issue 16 July 17 2013

Control of Worm Pests in Cole Crops

C Hoepting CVP Following is a list of insecticides labeled for use on various cole crops with tentative efficacy ratings for control of imported cabbage worm (ICW) small and large cabbage looper (CL) and diamondback moth (DBM) which was put together by Cornell researchers in Long Island Growers and other researchers may have somewhat different opinions and results vary according to rates application method and frequency location etc so selection of controls should not be made solely based on this chart Not all materials are labeled for all crops or areas - check labels For most cole crops addition of a spreader-sticker is advised

Relative Efficacy of Insecticides for Control of Worm Pests in Cole Crops

Material Sm Lg Formulation amp Rate ICW CL CL DBM3

Ryanodine receptor modulator (Group 28) Synapse WG (3-5 fl oz) xxx xxx xxx xx amp Belt SC (2-24 fl oz)10

Spinosyns (Group 5) Radiant SC (5-10 fl oz) xxx xxx xxx xx

Diamides (Group 28) Coragen (35 ndash 5 fl oz) xxx xxx xxx xxx Voliam Xpress9 (5-9 fl oz) xxx xxx xxx xxx

Indoxacarb (Group 22) Avaunt 30WG6 (015 ndash 022 lb) xxx xxx xxx xxx

Avermectin (Group 6) Proclaim 5G (24 ndash 48 oz) xxx xxx xx2 xxx

Pyrethroids (Group 3A) Warrior T 1CS (192 ndash 32 fl oz) xxx xxx xx x Endigo ZC (4 ndash 45 fl oz)8 xxx xxx xx x Danitol 24 EC (106 ndash 16 fl oz) xxx xxx xx x BrigadeCapture 2EC (21 ndash 64 fl oz) xxx xx xx x2

PounceAmbush (005 ndash 02 lb ai) xxx xx x x Baythroid 2 (16 ndash 24 fl oz) xxx xx x2 x Ammo 25EC (25 ndash 5 fl oz) xxx xx2 x2 - Mustang 15EW (29 - 426 fl oz) xxx xx2 x2 - Asana XL 066EC (58 ndash 96 fl oz) xxx x2 x2 - Hero (4-103 oz) 7

Bts (Group 11) Bt kurstaki (see labels) xxx xx2 x2 x2

(Biobit Javelin DiPel Condor Crymax) Bt aizawai (see labels) xxx x x xx4

(Xentari Agree Ketch)

OPs (Group 1B) OrtheneAddress 75S97 (13 lb) xxx xx xx x

Carbamates (Group 1A) Lannate LV 24L (15 ndash 3 pt) xxx x2 x2 x2

Larvin 32F (16 ndash 40 fl oz) xxx x2 x2 x2

Sevin 80 Solupak (125-25 fl oz) x - - x

xxx = most effective (usually good control expected) x = least effective (fair or poor control) - not

labeled or not effective Not all formulations listed Rates in amount of formulated product unless

otherwise indicated

1 45 ndash 6 oz for CL 2 higher rates needed 3 Where insecticide resistance is not a problem better control of DBM with some materials may be expected 4 Bt aizawai may provide better control of DBM where populations are resistant to Bt kurstaki 5 some incidental control 6 Avaunt is not labeled for use on Long Island 7 Has not been trialed in University studies 8 a premix of Warrior + ActaraCruiser 9 A premix of Coragen + Warrior 10 Belt is replacing Synapse for all vegetable uses

Bejo Seeds Open House and Demonstration Trials 2013

Come join us August 27-28 to view a wide variety of quality vegetable crops at Bejorsquos Research amp Demonstration Farm at 4188 Pre Emption Road Geneva NY 14456 Open from 1000 am - 600 pm visitors can expect to see the following

Home amp Market Garden Exhibit

Commercial Strip Trials

Food Concept Sampling

Organic Variety Exhibit

Seed Dealer Displays

Product amp Equipment Demonstrations

Produce Market Displays

Refreshments plus a light lunch will be served on Tuesday August 27 To RSVP please call 315-789-4155

Noelle Allen Bejo Seeds

July 17 2013 Volume 9 Issue 16

Dateshellipvisit our website for a complete list of upcoming events VEGETABLE PEST AND CULTURAL MANAGEMENT FIELD MEETINGS

JULY 25 - Orleans County - Levi Staufer Farm 12667 Roosevelt Highway Lyndonville 14098 600 pm AUGUST 2 - Yates County - Daniel Garman Farm 3207 Ferguson Corners Rd Penn Yan 14527 600 pm AUGUST 8 - Chautauqua County - Reuben Miller Farm 7430 Clymer Center Rd Panama 14767 600 pm

FREE 175 DEC credits available in categories 1A 10 23 and 24 These meetings will demonstrate pest management in fresh market vege-tables in both field and greenhouse (high tunnel) vegetables primarily for those growing for wholesale auction A hands-on demonstra-tion of weed insect and disease identification in vegetables including management options such as inter-row cover crops grafting and where appropriate spray options will be used to educate growers Judson Reid Senior Extension Associate with the Cornell Vegetable Program will instruct participants and facilitate peer-based learning Cooperating farms will be selected to host the meetings as the sea-son progresses Details on each topic will focus on field observations at these farms General agenda can be found at cvpccecornelledu Call Jud at 585-313-8912 for more information

AUGUST 6 - PENNSYLVANIA VEGETABLE GROWERS ASSOCIATION FIELD DAY Penn State Southeast Agriculture Research and Extension Center (Landisville Farm) See the latest applied research and new equipment in the field $20 per person before July 30 $30 per person after Call 717-694-3596 or email pvgapvgaorg for more details and registration info

AUGUST 8 - ANNUAL ELBA MUCK ONION TWILIGHT MEETING 530 - 800 pm Starting at Mortellarorsquos Red Shop on Markyrsquos Muck Elba Muck land DEC credits have been applied for

AUGUST 27-28 - BEJO SEEDS OPEN HOUSE AND DEMONSTRATION TRIALS 2013 1000 am - 600 pm 4188 Pre Emption Rd Geneva 14456 View a wide variety of quality vegetable crops at Bejorsquos Research amp Demonstra-tion Farm (More info in July 3rd issue of Veg Edge Weekly pg 7) To RSVP call 315-789-4155

NOVEMBER 7 - TOMATO SCHOOL

NOVEMBER 8 - SQUASH SCHOOL

Veg Edge Weekly

Page 8

Dense watermelon canopy is sometimes accompanied by low fruit set and a high male-to-female flower ratio Photos Judson Reid Cornell Vegetable Program

Low Fruit Set in Watermelons

J Reid CVP Several growers reported anoma-lies in their watermelon crop this week Out-standing vigor and canopy is sometimes accom-panied by low fruit set and a high male-to-female flower ratio (see pic)

Vines have grown together to fill canopy on 6rsquo centers with knee deep foliage Unfortunately there arenrsquot a corresponding number of fruit There are several factors that could lead to this situation Seedless watermelons need to be planted

with a minimum of 25 seeded watermel-ons with many growers playing it safe at a 13 ratio (seeded to seedless)

Lack of pollinators No hives or hives distant from the field can decrease pollination The University of Florida notes that watermelon flowers are not the most attractive to bees and supplemental hives are ldquoa necessary component of any watermelon production endeavorrdquo Extended rainy weather this spring may have reduced flight activity

High nitrogen fertilization favors vegetative growth In one case clover was plowed down followed by pen pack and chicken manure Coupled with ample irrigation and rainfall this high fertility pushed vine growth to new levels of confidence Our recommen-dation is a total of 100-120 lbs Nac

Cool weather in spring may have reduced blossom set while vines continued to spread

Plants set at high densities may interfere with pollination Cornell recommends an in-row spacing of 3-4rsquo on 6-8rsquo centers

At one farm bee activity was prolific Professor Steve Reiners CU Dept of Hort notes in these circumstances that with good pollination growers can expect excellent large mel-ons However harvest may be delayed compared to other plantings In summary give watermelons plenty of room to grow moderate fertility and supplemental bee hives For seedless production plant enough seeded varieties within the same field to ensure fruit set

Veg Edge Weekly

Page 7

Volume 9 Issue 16 July 17 2013

Control of Worm Pests in Cole Crops

C Hoepting CVP Following is a list of insecticides labeled for use on various cole crops with tentative efficacy ratings for control of imported cabbage worm (ICW) small and large cabbage looper (CL) and diamondback moth (DBM) which was put together by Cornell researchers in Long Island Growers and other researchers may have somewhat different opinions and results vary according to rates application method and frequency location etc so selection of controls should not be made solely based on this chart Not all materials are labeled for all crops or areas - check labels For most cole crops addition of a spreader-sticker is advised

Relative Efficacy of Insecticides for Control of Worm Pests in Cole Crops

Material Sm Lg Formulation amp Rate ICW CL CL DBM3

Ryanodine receptor modulator (Group 28) Synapse WG (3-5 fl oz) xxx xxx xxx xx amp Belt SC (2-24 fl oz)10

Spinosyns (Group 5) Radiant SC (5-10 fl oz) xxx xxx xxx xx

Diamides (Group 28) Coragen (35 ndash 5 fl oz) xxx xxx xxx xxx Voliam Xpress9 (5-9 fl oz) xxx xxx xxx xxx

Indoxacarb (Group 22) Avaunt 30WG6 (015 ndash 022 lb) xxx xxx xxx xxx

Avermectin (Group 6) Proclaim 5G (24 ndash 48 oz) xxx xxx xx2 xxx

Pyrethroids (Group 3A) Warrior T 1CS (192 ndash 32 fl oz) xxx xxx xx x Endigo ZC (4 ndash 45 fl oz)8 xxx xxx xx x Danitol 24 EC (106 ndash 16 fl oz) xxx xxx xx x BrigadeCapture 2EC (21 ndash 64 fl oz) xxx xx xx x2

PounceAmbush (005 ndash 02 lb ai) xxx xx x x Baythroid 2 (16 ndash 24 fl oz) xxx xx x2 x Ammo 25EC (25 ndash 5 fl oz) xxx xx2 x2 - Mustang 15EW (29 - 426 fl oz) xxx xx2 x2 - Asana XL 066EC (58 ndash 96 fl oz) xxx x2 x2 - Hero (4-103 oz) 7

Bts (Group 11) Bt kurstaki (see labels) xxx xx2 x2 x2

(Biobit Javelin DiPel Condor Crymax) Bt aizawai (see labels) xxx x x xx4

(Xentari Agree Ketch)

OPs (Group 1B) OrtheneAddress 75S97 (13 lb) xxx xx xx x

Carbamates (Group 1A) Lannate LV 24L (15 ndash 3 pt) xxx x2 x2 x2

Larvin 32F (16 ndash 40 fl oz) xxx x2 x2 x2

Sevin 80 Solupak (125-25 fl oz) x - - x

xxx = most effective (usually good control expected) x = least effective (fair or poor control) - not

labeled or not effective Not all formulations listed Rates in amount of formulated product unless

otherwise indicated

1 45 ndash 6 oz for CL 2 higher rates needed 3 Where insecticide resistance is not a problem better control of DBM with some materials may be expected 4 Bt aizawai may provide better control of DBM where populations are resistant to Bt kurstaki 5 some incidental control 6 Avaunt is not labeled for use on Long Island 7 Has not been trialed in University studies 8 a premix of Warrior + ActaraCruiser 9 A premix of Coragen + Warrior 10 Belt is replacing Synapse for all vegetable uses

Bejo Seeds Open House and Demonstration Trials 2013

Come join us August 27-28 to view a wide variety of quality vegetable crops at Bejorsquos Research amp Demonstration Farm at 4188 Pre Emption Road Geneva NY 14456 Open from 1000 am - 600 pm visitors can expect to see the following

Home amp Market Garden Exhibit

Commercial Strip Trials

Food Concept Sampling

Organic Variety Exhibit

Seed Dealer Displays

Product amp Equipment Demonstrations

Produce Market Displays

Refreshments plus a light lunch will be served on Tuesday August 27 To RSVP please call 315-789-4155

Noelle Allen Bejo Seeds

July 17 2013 Volume 9 Issue 16

Dateshellipvisit our website for a complete list of upcoming events VEGETABLE PEST AND CULTURAL MANAGEMENT FIELD MEETINGS

JULY 25 - Orleans County - Levi Staufer Farm 12667 Roosevelt Highway Lyndonville 14098 600 pm AUGUST 2 - Yates County - Daniel Garman Farm 3207 Ferguson Corners Rd Penn Yan 14527 600 pm AUGUST 8 - Chautauqua County - Reuben Miller Farm 7430 Clymer Center Rd Panama 14767 600 pm

FREE 175 DEC credits available in categories 1A 10 23 and 24 These meetings will demonstrate pest management in fresh market vege-tables in both field and greenhouse (high tunnel) vegetables primarily for those growing for wholesale auction A hands-on demonstra-tion of weed insect and disease identification in vegetables including management options such as inter-row cover crops grafting and where appropriate spray options will be used to educate growers Judson Reid Senior Extension Associate with the Cornell Vegetable Program will instruct participants and facilitate peer-based learning Cooperating farms will be selected to host the meetings as the sea-son progresses Details on each topic will focus on field observations at these farms General agenda can be found at cvpccecornelledu Call Jud at 585-313-8912 for more information

AUGUST 6 - PENNSYLVANIA VEGETABLE GROWERS ASSOCIATION FIELD DAY Penn State Southeast Agriculture Research and Extension Center (Landisville Farm) See the latest applied research and new equipment in the field $20 per person before July 30 $30 per person after Call 717-694-3596 or email pvgapvgaorg for more details and registration info

AUGUST 8 - ANNUAL ELBA MUCK ONION TWILIGHT MEETING 530 - 800 pm Starting at Mortellarorsquos Red Shop on Markyrsquos Muck Elba Muck land DEC credits have been applied for

AUGUST 27-28 - BEJO SEEDS OPEN HOUSE AND DEMONSTRATION TRIALS 2013 1000 am - 600 pm 4188 Pre Emption Rd Geneva 14456 View a wide variety of quality vegetable crops at Bejorsquos Research amp Demonstra-tion Farm (More info in July 3rd issue of Veg Edge Weekly pg 7) To RSVP call 315-789-4155

NOVEMBER 7 - TOMATO SCHOOL

NOVEMBER 8 - SQUASH SCHOOL

Veg Edge Weekly

Page 8

Dense watermelon canopy is sometimes accompanied by low fruit set and a high male-to-female flower ratio Photos Judson Reid Cornell Vegetable Program

Low Fruit Set in Watermelons

J Reid CVP Several growers reported anoma-lies in their watermelon crop this week Out-standing vigor and canopy is sometimes accom-panied by low fruit set and a high male-to-female flower ratio (see pic)

Vines have grown together to fill canopy on 6rsquo centers with knee deep foliage Unfortunately there arenrsquot a corresponding number of fruit There are several factors that could lead to this situation Seedless watermelons need to be planted

with a minimum of 25 seeded watermel-ons with many growers playing it safe at a 13 ratio (seeded to seedless)

Lack of pollinators No hives or hives distant from the field can decrease pollination The University of Florida notes that watermelon flowers are not the most attractive to bees and supplemental hives are ldquoa necessary component of any watermelon production endeavorrdquo Extended rainy weather this spring may have reduced flight activity

High nitrogen fertilization favors vegetative growth In one case clover was plowed down followed by pen pack and chicken manure Coupled with ample irrigation and rainfall this high fertility pushed vine growth to new levels of confidence Our recommen-dation is a total of 100-120 lbs Nac

Cool weather in spring may have reduced blossom set while vines continued to spread

Plants set at high densities may interfere with pollination Cornell recommends an in-row spacing of 3-4rsquo on 6-8rsquo centers

At one farm bee activity was prolific Professor Steve Reiners CU Dept of Hort notes in these circumstances that with good pollination growers can expect excellent large mel-ons However harvest may be delayed compared to other plantings In summary give watermelons plenty of room to grow moderate fertility and supplemental bee hives For seedless production plant enough seeded varieties within the same field to ensure fruit set

July 17 2013 Volume 9 Issue 16

Dateshellipvisit our website for a complete list of upcoming events VEGETABLE PEST AND CULTURAL MANAGEMENT FIELD MEETINGS

JULY 25 - Orleans County - Levi Staufer Farm 12667 Roosevelt Highway Lyndonville 14098 600 pm AUGUST 2 - Yates County - Daniel Garman Farm 3207 Ferguson Corners Rd Penn Yan 14527 600 pm AUGUST 8 - Chautauqua County - Reuben Miller Farm 7430 Clymer Center Rd Panama 14767 600 pm

FREE 175 DEC credits available in categories 1A 10 23 and 24 These meetings will demonstrate pest management in fresh market vege-tables in both field and greenhouse (high tunnel) vegetables primarily for those growing for wholesale auction A hands-on demonstra-tion of weed insect and disease identification in vegetables including management options such as inter-row cover crops grafting and where appropriate spray options will be used to educate growers Judson Reid Senior Extension Associate with the Cornell Vegetable Program will instruct participants and facilitate peer-based learning Cooperating farms will be selected to host the meetings as the sea-son progresses Details on each topic will focus on field observations at these farms General agenda can be found at cvpccecornelledu Call Jud at 585-313-8912 for more information

AUGUST 6 - PENNSYLVANIA VEGETABLE GROWERS ASSOCIATION FIELD DAY Penn State Southeast Agriculture Research and Extension Center (Landisville Farm) See the latest applied research and new equipment in the field $20 per person before July 30 $30 per person after Call 717-694-3596 or email pvgapvgaorg for more details and registration info

AUGUST 8 - ANNUAL ELBA MUCK ONION TWILIGHT MEETING 530 - 800 pm Starting at Mortellarorsquos Red Shop on Markyrsquos Muck Elba Muck land DEC credits have been applied for

AUGUST 27-28 - BEJO SEEDS OPEN HOUSE AND DEMONSTRATION TRIALS 2013 1000 am - 600 pm 4188 Pre Emption Rd Geneva 14456 View a wide variety of quality vegetable crops at Bejorsquos Research amp Demonstra-tion Farm (More info in July 3rd issue of Veg Edge Weekly pg 7) To RSVP call 315-789-4155

NOVEMBER 7 - TOMATO SCHOOL

NOVEMBER 8 - SQUASH SCHOOL

Veg Edge Weekly

Page 8

Dense watermelon canopy is sometimes accompanied by low fruit set and a high male-to-female flower ratio Photos Judson Reid Cornell Vegetable Program

Low Fruit Set in Watermelons

J Reid CVP Several growers reported anoma-lies in their watermelon crop this week Out-standing vigor and canopy is sometimes accom-panied by low fruit set and a high male-to-female flower ratio (see pic)

Vines have grown together to fill canopy on 6rsquo centers with knee deep foliage Unfortunately there arenrsquot a corresponding number of fruit There are several factors that could lead to this situation Seedless watermelons need to be planted

with a minimum of 25 seeded watermel-ons with many growers playing it safe at a 13 ratio (seeded to seedless)

Lack of pollinators No hives or hives distant from the field can decrease pollination The University of Florida notes that watermelon flowers are not the most attractive to bees and supplemental hives are ldquoa necessary component of any watermelon production endeavorrdquo Extended rainy weather this spring may have reduced flight activity

High nitrogen fertilization favors vegetative growth In one case clover was plowed down followed by pen pack and chicken manure Coupled with ample irrigation and rainfall this high fertility pushed vine growth to new levels of confidence Our recommen-dation is a total of 100-120 lbs Nac

Cool weather in spring may have reduced blossom set while vines continued to spread

Plants set at high densities may interfere with pollination Cornell recommends an in-row spacing of 3-4rsquo on 6-8rsquo centers

At one farm bee activity was prolific Professor Steve Reiners CU Dept of Hort notes in these circumstances that with good pollination growers can expect excellent large mel-ons However harvest may be delayed compared to other plantings In summary give watermelons plenty of room to grow moderate fertility and supplemental bee hives For seedless production plant enough seeded varieties within the same field to ensure fruit set

Volume 9 Issue 16 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 9

Airport stations Data from other stationairport sites is at httpnewacornelledu Weather Data Daily Summary and Degree Days

July 17 2013

Weather Charts J Gibbons CVP

Thank you to our sponsors

Crop Production Services Fancher NY (585) 589-6330 wwwcpsagucom

Pest and disease problems Our breeders are working to develop resistant varieties wwwbejoseedscom

Our Vision ldquoTo be the first choice for growers in all of our marketplacesrdquo wwwStokeSeedscom

Blake Myers 585-303-3252 vegetableseedsaolcom wwwSiegerscom

Call 800-544-7938 for sales or visit wwwharrisseedscom A Grower Friendly Company

Growmark FS - Filling Your Crop Needs Visit homegrowmarkfscom to find representatives in your area

Providing growers environmentally responsible safe amp cost-effective growing solutions Visit wwwbioworksinccom

PEOPLEPRODUCTSKNOWLEDGEhellip Albion NY(585) 589-4195 Geneva NY(315) 789-4450

Fungicides amp InsecticidesNematicides Western amp Central NY 5854477305 Eastern NY amp NE 2078901645

Agryl amp Novagryl Row Covers ProtekNet Insect Netting BioTelo Biodegradable amp Compostable Mulch Film Visit wwwDuboisAgcom

Rainfall (inch) Temp (degF)

Location Week Month July

Max Min

Albion 003 059 91 58

Appleton North 016 027 88 57

Baldwinsville 009 222 89 61

Buffalo 009 230 90 60

Ceres 046 166 89 54

Elba 016 140 86 56

Farmington 001 093 90 57

Gainesville NA NA NA NA

Geneva 028 229 88 61

Kendall 016 232 91 59

Lodi 006 059 93 61

Penn Yan 085 112 87 59

Ransomville 017 111 87 NA

Rochester 004 133 89 61

Romulus NA NA 88 63

Silver Creek 010 022 86 57

Sodus 021 NA 88 58

Versailles NA NA 87 55

Williamson 005 192 87 61

Wolcott 049 144 84 59

Weekly Weather Summary 709 - 715

Accumulated Growing Degree Days (AGDD) Base 50degF Jan 1 mdash July 15 2013

Location 2013 2012 2011

Albion 1212 1396 1141

Appleton North 1056 1243 886

Baldwinsville 1246 1473 1343

Buffalo 1266 1553 1155

Ceres 1043 1201 1114

Elba 1108 1255 1076

Farmington 1143 1362 1151

Gainesville NA 1344 1126

Geneva 1203 1463 1275

Kendall 1283 NA NA

Lodi 1269 1513 1223

Penn Yan 1244 1501 1292

Ransomville NA 1384 1119

Rochester 1317 1532 1225

Romulus 1268 NA NA

Silver Creek 1231 1415 NA

Sodus 1123 1301 1105

Versailles 1249 1408 NA

Williamson 1192 1436 1155

Wolcott 1163 NA NA

Serving Allegany Cattaraugus

Erie Genesee Monroe Niagara

Ontario Orleans Seneca

Wayne and Yates Counties

Veg Edge Weekly is a seasonal weekly publication of the Cornell Vegetable Program providing information about crop development pest activity and management pesticide updates local weather conditions meetings and resources

Veg Edge is published 28 times annually monthly from October-May and weekly from May-September If you have any questions about this publication contact Julie Kikkert at 585-394-3977 x404 or jrk2cornelledu Visit the Cornell Vegetable Program website at httpcvpccecornelledu for information on our research upcoming events and enrolling in our program

Cornell Cooperative Extension provides equal program and employment opportunities

Robert Hadad 585-739-4065 Cell rgh26cornelledu

Christy Hoepting 585-721-6953 Cell cah59cornelledu

Julie Kikkert 585-313-8160 Cell jrk2cornelledu

Carol MacNeil 585-313-8796 Cell crm6cornelledu

Judson Reid 585-313-8912 Cell jer11cornelledu

Cornell Vegetable Program Extension Specialists

Elizabeth Buck 607-425-3494 Cell

John Gibbons 716-474-5238 Cell

CVP Assistants

This publication contains pesticide recommendations Changes in pesticide regulations occur constantly and human errors are possible Some materials may no longer be available and some uses may no longer be legal All pesticides distributed sold or applied in New York State must be registered with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Questions concerning the legality andor registration status for pesticide usage in New York State should be directed to the appropriate

Cornell Cooperative Extension specialist or your regional DEC office

Cornell Cooperative Extension and its employees assume no liability for the effectiveness or results of any chemicals for pesticide usage No endorsement of products or companies is made or implied READ THE LABEL BEFORE APPLYING ANY PESTICIDE

Yates County Cornell Cooperative Extension 417 Liberty Street Penn Yan NY 14527

Cooperative Extension Cornell Vegetable Program

Cornell University