Core Content Daily Language

● Using context clues, determine the meaning of each of the underlined words.

● 1. The store manager instructed all the salesclerks to avoid churlish replies to customers’ questions.

● 2. Several students plan to collaborate on a geology project for the annual science fair.

● 3. Tour guides often have to urge laggards to keep up with the rest of the group.

● 4. I tried not to jostle other riders as I exited the bus.

ClockworkUse context clues to choose the word or words that complete each of the following sentences or sets of sentences:

1. Though I was brought up in a completely (rural, urban) environment, life in the big city suits me to to a tee.

2. People with __________ ideas are always thinking up new and different things to do or say or make.

a. Vagueb. Simplec. Old-fashionedd. Original

3. Because a medieval castle was primarily a fortress, scholars point out that it was built more for __________ than for __________.

a. decoration….usefulnessb. defense….comfortc. aggression….protectiond. pageantry….style

Word of the Day

● Ad·ver·sar·y 1. An opponent; an enemy.

Example: He was a determined adversary of the Reformation.

Informational Reading

● LT1: I can analyze the structure an author uses to organize a text.

● LT2: I can cite textual evidence to support what the text says explicitly.

● LT3: I can cite textual evidence to support inferences from a text.

● LT4: I can determine two or more central ideas in a text.

● LT5: I can write an objective summary.● LT6: I can determine the meanings of words and

phrases.

Text StructuresAnalyze organizational methods used in informational texts

Making Information Clear● Authors choose structure to organize

information and make their meaning clear.

● Readers use strategies to support interpretation of text.

Writing Clarity● Authors use organization to develop their

point of view● They use different approaches to

support their purposes● They pick an organization format that will

help make their ideas clear to the reader

Readers ask…

● Can I see a pattern to the writing?

● How are the ideas divided and presented?

● Why has the author chosen this particular organization pattern?

Organizational Patterns● Description● Chronological (or Sequence)● Cause and Effect● Compare/Contrast● Problem/Solution

Description

• Author provides descriptive details or characteristics of a topic.

topic

detail

detaildetail

detail

Description Key Words

snow

sparkle

white

frozenflakes

crystal

• For example• Specifically• Characteristics

include• Next• Another kind• In addition• Spatial words like

near, beyond, over, etc.

Description Example 1

Coral snakes are distinguished by their red, yellow/white, and black colored banding. Most species are small in size. North American species average around 3 feet in length, but specimens of up to 5 feet or slightly larger have been reported.

Description Example 2Geologists classify types of rocks by closely examining certain characteristics. They often begin by looking at the rock through a magnifying lens to check for crystal structures, luster, and color. Breaking the rock shows specimen’s fracture or cleavage.

Chronological

● Story or information is told in the order that the events occurred

Elementary School

Middle School

High School

Sari’s Education

Chronology Key Words● First● Next● Then● After● Before● Sequential dates● Events ● Order

First, she sat in the hard chair

Next, she sat in the soft chair

Finally, she sat in the baby’s chair

Chronological Example (1) ● First, Goldilocks sat in the great big,

Papa Bear chair, but it was too hard.● Then, she sat in the medium sized,

Mama Bear chair, but it was too soft.

● Finally, she sat in the little, bitty, Baby Chair, and it was just right.

Chronological Example (2)● When the Anglo-Saxons conquered the

British Isles they introduced their language which was composed of common everyday words like boat and tree.

● Later, the Normans added French words like café.

Cause and Effect

● The author establishes a link between the way things are now and how they got that way.

Cause Effect

Cause and Effect Key Words

● If/then● Reasons● Why● Because● As a result● This led to● Consequently● Due to

Cause Effect

Order doesn’t matter

● Sometimes the cause will be presented first…

● …then the effect will follow

Cause Effect

Cause/Effect Example (1)● Cause: During the experiment, Henry

poured the liquid bromine into the saline solution.

● Effect: His hypothesis was proved correct when the solution changed colors.

Order still doesn’t matter

● Sometimes the issues are presented with the effects sited first…

● …then the causes are offered as explanation

CauseEffect

Cause/Effect Example (2)● Effect: The future of gorillas in the wild is

at risk. Scientists predict that at the present rate of decline, in 30 years all the world’s wild gorillas will be gone.

● Cause: Gorilla meat is a dietary staple for nearly 12 million people in Africa.

Comparison and Contrast

● One idea is presented first, followed by a similar or different way of seeing things.

Apples Oranges

Compare/Contrast Key Words● Differ● Same● Alike● Compare● But● Both● Similar● On the other

hand

1920’s 1950’s

Compare/Contrast Example (1)● Seurat painted scenes of everyday life

full of realistic people and objects with soft edges and lines. He wanted his art to capture “feelings” of the moment.

● Picasso, on the other hand, used distorted images and strange colors to create mood.

Compare/Contrast Example (2)

● Saturn is the second largest planet in the solar system, much larger than Earth. It is mostly made of hydrogen. It rotates more quickly too. A day on Saturn is only about 10 Earth hours long. However, it takes about 30 of our years to make one full trip around the sun.

Problem/Solution

● A problem is presented and followed by the steps to bring about a solution.

Problem

• The beach was littered with trash.

Steps

• Jeff organized a beach clean-up party.

Solution

• 30 people came to pick up trash and soon the beach was clean.

Problem/Solution Key Words

● problem is ● dilemma is● if-then● because

Problem Steps Solution

● so that● question-answer● problem is solved● reason why

Problem/Solution (1)● Native American tribes who

lived on the central plains had to move from place to place to follow the migrating herds. Since they could not build permanent homes, they invented the teepee which allowed them to move their homes from place to place.

Problem/Solution (2)

● Ted and Sam both wanted to drive the car. They started yelling at each other. Their mom came and told them to stop fighting. She told Ted he could drive the car today, and Sam would have a turn tomorrow.

Question ExamplesThis story is organized by—● comparing Alfred’s life to

those of German families● describing a series of events

in Nobel’s life● discussing what the

scientist’s role was in organizing the prize

● providing examples of how people lived in 1925

Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?● Presenting in order the steps

of cave and sinkhole formation

● Comparing the formation of a cave to the formation of a sinkhole

● Describing features of caves and sinkholes

● Presenting basic information first about caves and then about sinkholes

REVIEW

● What are the 5 organizational patterns?

● Why do authors use different types of organization?

● What clues will help you determine the pattern?

Remember…

● Description● Chronological● Cause/Effect● Comparison/Contrast● Problem/Solution

Text Organization Practice Cards

● Your group should have an envelope of cards.

● Find the five Text Structure Type cards. Place them face up in the middle of your work area.

● Work together to sort the remaining cards according to the type of text structure each example represents. As you work, discuss how could JUSTIFY your decisions by citing textual evidence like key words or topics.

Gallery Walk

● Materials: Graphic organizer, foldable, & pencil● Activity will simulate the way people walk browse

through paintings in art museums…● 1. They are quiet places, so no talking● 2. Too many people in front of art make it hard to

see, so no more than three at a poster at a time.● 3. Some works hold more interest for us as

individuals than others, choose 7 to complete. ● You will browse posters and complete graphic

organizers.

Graphic organizer additions…

1. When you identify the organization type, you should also JUSTIFY your evaluation with textual evidence.

2. After you’ve completed the box, decide if the structure used is the BEST to present the information.