core biology

8/10/2019 Core Biology

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Fig. 8.2 shows the results for two samples of ammonium hydroxide that wereinvestigated.

Fig. 8.2

For Examiners

Use

UCLES 2004

0

10

20

30

time forlitmusto goblue / s 40

50

60

70

0 2 4 6 8

distance along tube / cm

10 12 14 16

Sample A

Sample B


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0610/02/O/N/04 [Turn over

Table 8.1 gives data for a third sample, C , of ammonium hydroxide that wasinvestigated.

Table 8.1

(i) Plot the data in Table 8.1 on Fig. 8.2. [3]

(ii) Suggest what has caused the litmus paper to go blue.

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) State which sample of ammonium hydroxide took longest to travel 10 cm along thetube.

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(iv) What can you suggest about the concentration of sample C? Explain your answer.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

For Examiners

Use

UCLES 2004

distance of red litmus time for red litmus

paper along tube / cm paper to go blue / s2 6

4 10

6 15

8 21

10 25

12 29

14 35

16 41


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(c) Fig. 8.3 shows an alveolus and an associated blood capillary.

Fig. 8.3

(i) Suggest at which point, X, Y or Z, the rate of diffusion of carbon dioxide will behighest.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) The bronchi and bronchioles are lined with ciliated epithelium tissue and a thinlayer of mucus. Describe the role of the cilia and mucus.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 12]

X

YZblood flow

blood flow

air enteringand leaving

For Examiners

Use

UCLES 2004

Every reasonable effort has been made to trace all copyright holders where the publishers (i.e. UCLES) are aware that third-party material has been reproduced.The publishers would be pleased to hear from anyone whose rights they have unwittingly infringed.

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department ofthe University of Cambridge.


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UCLES 2005 0610/02/O/N/05

ForExaminer's

Use1 Select from the list the name of the group of animals that best fits each description.

Write your choice in Table 1.1.

arachnid bird crustacean insect

mammal mollusc nematode

Table 1.1

description of animal group

a hard exoskeleton and more than 4pairs of legs

a hard shell and a slimy muscularfoot

one pair of wings and a beak

one pair of wings and has skincovered with fur

two pairs of wings and one pair ofantennae

[5]

[Total: 5]


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UCLES 2005 0610/02/O/N/05

ForExaminer's

Use4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows the apparatus used in an investigation.

black box to

exclude light

hydrogencarbonateindicator (pink/redat start)

pondweed

sunlight sunlight

fresh water shrimp

A CB D

Fig. 4.1

Complete Table 4.1 to show whether photosynthesis and respiration are happening ineach tube.

Table 4.1

tube contents and conditions photosynthesishappeningrespirationhappening

A pond weed in dark

B pond weed in bright light

C fresh water shrimp indark

D fresh water shrimp inbright light[4]


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UCLES 2005 0610/02/O/N/05 [Turn over

ForExaminer's

Use(b) Hydrogencarbonate indicator changes colour according to the pH of the contents of

each tube, as shown in the pH chart in Fig. 4.2.

1

pH

7

pink/red

colour of hydrogencarbonate indicator

golden yellow purple

14

Fig. 4.2

The apparatus, shown in Fig. 4.1, was left for several hours.

(i) Complete Table 4.2 by predicting the colour of the indicator in each of the fourtubes.

Table 4.2

tube contents and conditions colour of hydrogencarbonateindicator after several hours

A pond weed in dark

B pond weed in bright light

C fresh water shrimp in dark

D fresh water shrimp in bright light

[2](ii) Explain your predictions, stated in Table 4.2, for the colours of the

hydrogencarbonate indicator in each of the tubes.

[4]

[Total: 10]


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UCLES 2005 0610/02/O/N/05

ForExaminer's

Use7 Fig. 7.1 shows the heart rate and the cardiac output. The cardiac output is the volume of

blood pumped out of the heart each minute.

6040 80 100

heart rate / beats per minute

cardiacoutput /

dm 3 per minute

120 140

15

13

11

9

7

5

3

Fig. 7.1

(a) (i) What is the cardiac output at a heart rate of 100 beats per minute?

[1]

(ii) Determine the increase in cardiac output when the heart rate increases from 70 to90 beats per minute

dm 3 per minute [1]

(iii) Determine the increase in cardiac output when the heart rate increases from 100 to120 beats per minute.

dm 3 per minute [1]


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ForExaminer's

Use(b) (i) Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the aorta?

[1]

(ii) The upper and lower chambers on each side of the heart are separated by valves.

State the function of these valves.

[1]

[Total: 5]


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UCLES 2006 0610/02/O/N/06

ForExaminer's

Use

6 Fig. 6.1 shows the teeth in the lower jaw of an adult human.

X

Y

Z

Fig. 6.1

(a) (i) Name the teeth labelled X, Y and Z.

X

Y

Z [3]

(ii) Describe the functions of teeth X and Z.

X

Z

[2]

(b) Name one mineral and one vitamin that are essential for the healthy development of

teeth.

mineral

vitamin [2]


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ForExaminer's

Use

(c) Fig. 6.2 shows a section through a tooth.

gum

dentine

Fig. 6.2

(i) Tooth decay is caused by bacteria getting into the dentine. Explain how bacteriacan enter the dentine.

[3]

(ii) List three actions you could take to reduce the risk of tooth decay.

1

2

3

[3]

[Total: 13]


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UCLES 2006 0610/02/O/N/06

ForExaminer's

Use

7 (a) Describe two ways in which arteries differ in structure from veins.

1

2

[2]

(b) (i) Name the artery that carries blood with a low oxygen concentration.

[1]

(ii) State in which organ urea is added to the blood and in which organ it is removedfrom the blood.

urea added to blood

urea removed from blood [2]

(c) (i) State how many times a red blood cell must pass through the heart when it travelsfrom the lungs and returns to the lungs.

[1]

(ii) The heart beats more than 100 000 times every day. It is vital that the heartremains healthy.

List three ways of keeping your heart healthy.

1

2

3

[3]

[Total: 9]


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UCLES 2006 0610/02/O/N/06

ForExaminer's

Use

9 Fig. 9.1 shows an alveolus in which gaseous exchange takes place.

capillarywall

wall of alveolus

red blood cells

Fig. 9.1

oxygendiffuses

into blood

(a) (i) Define the term diffusion .

[2]

(ii) State what causes oxygen to diffuse into the blood from the alveoli.

[1]

(iii) List three features of gaseous exchange surfaces in animals, such as humans.

1

2

3

[3]


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UCLES 2006 0610/02/O/N/06

ForExaminer's

Use

(b) (i) At high altitudes there is less oxygen in the air than at sea level.Suggest how this might affect the uptake of oxygen in the alveoli.

[2]

(ii) In the past some athletes have cheated by injecting themselves with extra redblood cells before a major competition.Predict how this increase in red blood cells might affect their performance.

[2]

[Total: 10]


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0610/2/O/N/02

1 Fig. 1.1 shows six different fish.

Fig. 1.1

D

C

B

A

For Examiners

Use

E

F


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Use the key below to identify each fish. Write the name of each fish in the correct box ofTable 1.1. As you work through the key, tick the boxes in Table 1.1. to show how youidentified each fish. Fish A has been identified for you as an example.

Key

Table 1.1

[Total : 5]

For Examiners

Use

1 (a) No gill slits visible(b) Five gill slits visible

2 (a) Body about 7 times as long as deep(b) Body about 2 times as long as deep

3 (a) Eye above front end of mouth(b) Eye above back edge of mouth

4 (a) One fin along back(b) Two fins along back

5 (a) Back fin with short spines(b) Back fin with long spines

23

45

Basking SharkGreenland Shark

Bearded RocklingHake

Sea BreamJohn Dory

name of fish

fish

A

B

C

D

E

F

1(a) 1(b)

2(a) 2(b) 3(a)

3(b) 4(a) 4(b) 5(a) 5(b) name of fish

Basking Shark


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0610/2/O/N/02

2 (a) The heart pumps blood around the body.

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the brain?

................................. ................................. ................................................................... [1]

(b) The volume of blood pumped to the lungs per minute, the cardiac output, depends onthe heart rate and the volume of blood pumped at each beat, the stroke volume.

Table 2.1 shows data for untrained and trained persons at rest and after maximumexercise.

Table 2.1

(i) Calculate the cardiac output for the untrained and trained persons at rest.

Record your answers in Table 2.1. [2]

(ii) Compare the data for the untrained and trained persons at rest.

State two effects that training has on the activity of the heart.

1. ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

2. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ........................... [2]

(iii) Use the data to compare the effect of maximum exercise on trained and untrainedpersons.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

............................... ............................................................................................... [2]

For Examiners

Use

untrained personat rest 75

50

195

180

0.070

0.105

0.110

0.165

heart rate(beats per minute)

stroke volume(dm 3)

cardiac output(dm 3 per minute)

21.45

29.70

trained personat rest

untrained personafter maximum exercise

trained personafter maximum exercise


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(iv) Suggest how the heart itself benefits from training.

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Explain why the body needs a higher cardiac output during exercise.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

................................ ..................................................................................................... [4]

[Total : 12]

3 When water from treated sewage is released into a river, it can have the same effect as therelease of excess fertilisers.

(a) Suggest why the water from treated sewage can have this effect.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

................................ ..................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Describe and explain what might occur to the organisms in the river as the result ofsuch pollution.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [5]

[Total : 7]

For Examiners

Use


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UCLES 2007 0610/02/O/N/07

ForExaminer's

Use

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a section through a leaf.

A

B

Fig. 6.1

(a) Name the parts of the leaf labelled A and B.

A

B [2]

(b) One function of a leaf is gaseous exchange.

(i) Name the process by which gases move in or out of a leaf.

[1]

(ii) On Fig. 6.1 label the stoma.[1]


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ForExaminer's

Use

(iii) Complete Table 6.1 by placing a tick ( ) in the appropriate column to show themovement of gases or vapour through open stomata on a sunny, dry day. Give areason for each of your answers.

Table 6.1

movement of gas or vapour

into leaf out of leaf none

reason formovement of gas

or vapour

carbon dioxide

oxygen

water vapour

[3]

(iv) Suggest how the movement of water vapour might be different if it was raining.

[1]

(c) The vascular bundle delivers water to replace water lost by the leaf. On Fig. 6.1 nameand label the tissue in the vascular bundle that does this.

[2]

[Total: 10]


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UCLES 2007 0610/02/O/N/07

ForExaminer's

Use

7 (a) Describe how alcohol is produced by respiration of microorganisms during brewing.

[3]

(b) Describe the possible effects that alcohol has on the human body.

[3]

[Total: 6]


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ForExaminer's

Use

8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows a section through the heart.

A

B

C

Fig. 8.1

(i) Name the two blood vessels labelled A and B.

A

B [2]

(ii) Name valve C and state its function.

name

function

[2]


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UCLES 2007 0610/02/O/N/07

ForExaminer's

Use

(b) Fig. 8.2 shows the volume of oxygenated blood pumped out of the left ventricle perminute when the body is at rest and during exercise.

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

volume of bloodpumped by left ventricle

/ dm 3 per minute

timeperiod of exercise

Fig. 8.2

(i) What is the maximum increase in the volume of blood pumped out of the leftventricle during exercise?

[1]

(ii) Explain the advantages of this increased flow of blood during exercise.

[4]


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Use

(c) Fig. 8.3 shows an external view of the heart.

coronary artery

X

Fig. 8.3

(i) If the coronary artery becomes blocked at X, suggest what the effect would be onthe heart.

[2]

(ii) State two ways in which the risk of such a blockage could be reduced.

1.

2.

[2]

[Total: 13]


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UCLES 2007 0610/02/O/N/07

ForExaminer's

Use

9 Fig. 9.1 shows the digestive system.

A

G

B

C

D

E

F

Fig. 9.1


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UCLES 2007 0610/02/O/N/07

ForExaminer's

Use

(a) Complete the following statements by selecting the appropriate letter from Fig. 9.1.

(i) Egestion happens at [1]

(ii) Pancreatic juice is formed at [1]

(iii) Villi are present at [1]

(iv) Bile is stored at [1]

(b) The stomach produces hydrochloric acid as well as enzymes. State two functions ofthis acid in the stomach.

1

2

[2]

(c) Describe the roles of the liver in digestion and assimilation.

[3]

[Total: 9]


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UCLES 2008 0610/02/O/N/08

ForExaminer's

Use

9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a root hair cell.

Z

Y

cell wall

nucleus

Fig. 9.1

(i) Name the following parts of the cell.

Y

Z [2]

(ii) The function of this cell is to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil.

Describe one feature shown in the diagram, that is an adaptation for this function.

[1]

(iii) State two features of this plant cell that would not be present in a typical animalcell, such as a liver cell.

1.

2.

[2]

(b) (i) State what is meant by the term osmosis .

[3]


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ForExaminer's

Use(ii) Explain how this process applies to the uptake of water by this cell.

[2]

[Total: 10]


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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Everyreasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, thepublisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University ofCambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

UCLES 2008 0610/02/O/N/08

ForExaminer's

Use

10 (a) Transport in plants occurs through the vascular bundles.

Describe the role of phloem and xylem tissue in transport in a plant stem.

phloem

xylem

[4]

(b) Transport in mammals is through the system of arteries and veins.

Describe and explain the differences between the structure of arteries and veins.

[4]

[Total: 8]


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UCLES 2009 0610/02/O/N/09

ForExaminer's

Use

1 Vertebrates can be classified by their external features.

Complete the paragraph by using the name of a vertebrate class in each space.

Some vertebrates have scales all over their skin. If they also have nostrils that allow air

into their lungs and two pairs of legs they are .

Some vertebrates have wings. If their body is also covered in feathers they are

, but if their body has fur they are .

Vertebrates that do not have feathers, fur or scales on the outside of their body are

. [4]

[Total: 4]


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Use

2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows a partly completed diagram of a palisade cell.

chloroplasts

cell membrane

Fig. 2.1

Complete the diagram to show the other major components of this cell.

Label all the components that you have added to Fig. 2.1. [4]

(b) State precisely where palisade cells are found in a plant.

[2]

[Total: 6]


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UCLES 2009 0610/02/O/N/09

ForExaminer's

Use

3 (a) Micronutrients are food materials that are only needed in very small quantities in thehuman diet.Draw one straight line from each micronutrient to its deficiency symptom.

micronutrient deficiency symptom

calcium

vitamin C

vitamin D

iron

anaemia

rickets

scurvy

[4]

(b) Explain how iron, in the diet of humans, is used in the body.

[3]

[Total: 7]


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ForExaminer's

Use

4 (a) Enzyme activity is vital in human digestion.

Complete Table 4.1 by choosing appropriate words from the list.

amino acids amylase cellulose fatty acids

hydrochloric acid lipase protein starch water

Table 4.1

substrate enzyme product

fat glycerol +

protease

maltose

[6]

(b) Maltose is changed into glucose.

(i) Which part of the blood carries glucose?

[1]

(ii) Which process, happening in all living cells, needs a constant supply of glucose?

[1]

(iii) Excess glucose is stored. Which carbohydrate is glucose changed into

for storage?

[1]

(iv) Which organ is the main store of this carbohydrate?

[1]

(v) Name a hormone that causes glucose to be released from storage.

[1]

[Total: 11]


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UCLES 2009 0610/02/O/N/09

ForExaminer's

Use

8 Gaseous exchange takes place while air flows in and out of the lungs.

(a) State three ways in which inspired air is different from expired air.

1.

2.

3.

[3]

(b) List three features of gaseous exchange surfaces that help to make them moreefficient.

1.

2.

3.

[3]

[Total: 6]


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ForExaminer's

Use

9 (a) (i) Define osmosis .

[3]

(ii) Osmosis is considered by many scientists to be a form of diffusion.

Suggest two ways in which diffusion is different from osmosis.

1.

2.

[2]

(b) (i) Explain how root hair cells use osmosis to take up water.

[2]

(ii) The land on which a cereal crop is growing is flooded by sea water.

Suggest the effect sea water could have on the cereal plants.

[4]

[Total: 11]


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UCLES 2010 0610/21/O/N/10

ForExaminer's

Use

1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows a mammal.

Fig. 1.1

Describe two external features that occur in mammals but do not occur in othervertebrates.

1.

2.

[2]

(b) Fig. 1.2 shows an arthropod.

Fig. 1.2

Describe two external features that occur in all arthropods.

1.

2.

[2]

[Total: 4]


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UCLES 2010 0610/21/O/N/10

ForExaminer's

Use

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a section through the heart.

semilunar

valve

tricuspidvalve

A

B C

D

Fig. 3.1

(a) (i) Name the chamber of the heart labelled D.

[1]

(ii) State which of the chambers, A to D, contain deoxygenated blood.

[1]

(b) The pulmonary blood vessels carry blood into and away from the heart.

Complete Table 3.1 to give three differences between the pulmonary artery and thepulmonary vein.

Table 3.1

pulmonary artery pulmonary vein

1

2

3

[3]


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Use

(c) (i) State the function of the valves within the heart.

[1]

(ii) Suggest what causes the tricuspid valve to open.

[2]

(iii) Suggest why it is important that when the semilunar valves are open, the tricuspidand bicuspid valves are closed.

[2][Total: 10]


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UCLES 2010 0610/21/O/N/10

ForExaminer's

Use

4 Fig. 4.1 shows a section through a leaf.

Fig. 4.1

(a) On Fig. 4.1, label a stoma, the cuticle and a vascular bundle.

Use label lines and the words stoma, cuticle and vascular bundle on Fig. 4.1. [3]

(b) (i) The upper layers of a leaf are transparent. Suggest an advantage to a plant of thisfeature.

[1]

(ii) The cuticle is made of a waxy material. Suggest an advantage to a plant of thisfeature.

[1]

(iii) State two functions of vascular bundles in leaves.

1.

2.

[2]


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ForExaminer's

Use

(c) Most photosynthesis in plants happens in leaves.

(i) Name the two raw materials needed for photosynthesis.

1.

2. [2]

(ii) Photosynthesis produces glucose.

Describe how plants make use of this glucose.

[3]

[Total: 12]


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UCLES 2010 0610/21/O/N/10

ForExaminer's

Use

5 (a) (i) In the box, state the word equation for aerobic respiration.

[2]

(ii) Complete Table 5.1 to show three differences between aerobic respiration andanaerobic respiration in humans.

Table 5.1aerobic respiration

in humansanaerobic respiration

in humans

1

.

.

2

.

.

3

.

.

[3]


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ForExaminer's

Use

(b) Yeast is used in making some types of bread and in brewing.

(i) Explain the role of yeast in bread making.

[3]

(ii) Explain the role of yeast in brewing.

[2]

[Total: 10]


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0610/2/O/N/02

For Examiners

Use 8 Fig. 8.1 shows an apparatus used in an investigation into transpiration. The cylinders were

set up and left in the same conditions for 24 hours.

Fig. 8.1

(a) The drop in the level of water in the cylinders is taken as a measure of the rate oftranspiration.

(i) Complete Table 8.1.

Table 8.1

[2]

originallevel

finallevel

cm 3

50

100

cm 3

50

100

A B

original volume

cylinder A

water volume (cm 3)

cylinder B

final volume


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(ii) Which variable could account for the differences in the results for cylinders Aand B ?

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) Suggest a modification you could make to ensure that all the water lost from thecylinders is taken up by the shoots.

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) State three environmental factors that can affect the rate of transpiration.

1. ............................... ....................................................................................................

2. ............................... ....................................................................................................

3. ............................... ............................................................................................... [3]

[Total : 7]

For Examiners

Use


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0610/2/O/N/02

9 (a) Proteins are digested in the stomach and small intestine.

(i) Which type of enzyme breaks down proteins?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) State how the conditions necessary for the digestion of proteins in the stomach aredifferent from those in the small intestine.

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) When carbohydrates have been digested, excess glucose is stored.

(i) Where is it stored?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) What is it stored as?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Excess amino acids cannot be stored.

Describe how they are removed from the body.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

[Total : 8]

For Examiners

Use


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Use

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a crab that is a member of the arthropod group.

carapace

Fig. 1.1

Crabs have a hard shell (carapace) that covers the head and thorax.

The abdomen is often folded under the body below the carapace.

All crabs have five pairs of legs.

(a) To which group of arthropods does the crab belong?

Tick ( ) one box to show your answer.

arachnids

crustaceans

insects

myriapods

[1]


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UCLES 2011 0610/21/O/N/11

ForExaminer's

Use

(b) Fig. 1.2 shows five crabs.

A B

C

E

D

Fig. 1.2


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ForExaminer's

Use

Use the key to identify each of the crabs.

Write the name of each crab in the correct box in Table 1.1.

Key

name of crab

1 (a) abdomen folded under carapace(b) abdomen tucked inside mollusc shell

2 (a) all legs are thin(b) front pair of legs is much wider than the rest

3 (a) front edge of carapace has sharp, jagged points(b) front edge of carapace is smooth

4 (a) front edge of carapace comes to a long, sharp point(b) front edge of carapace has lots of short points

go to 2Eupagurus

go to 4go to 3

CarcinusCancer

CorystesMaia

Table 1.1

crab name of crab

A

B

C

D

E

[4]

[Total: 5]


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ForExaminer's

Use

2 (a) The human circulatory system contains valves.

(i) State the function of these valves.

[1]

(ii) Complete Table 2.1 by placing a tick ( ) against two structures in the humancirculatory system that have valves.

Table 2.1

structure in circulatory system have valves

arteries

capillaries

heart

veins

[1]

(b) Describe how you could measure the heart rates of some students before they startrunning.

[2]


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UCLES 2011 0610/21/O/N/11

ForExaminer's

Use

(c) Fig. 2.1 shows the results of an investigation of the heart rates of some students beforeand immediately after running.

Each student ran the same distance.

150

140

130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

heartrate /beatsper minute

female 1 female 2 female 3 male 1 male 2 male 3

students

before running

immediately after running

Fig. 2.1


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ForExaminer's

Use

(i) State which student has the lowest heart rate immediately after running.

[1]

(ii) State which student has the largest change in heart rate from before toimmediately after running.

[1]

(iii) Describe any trends that you can see in the results.

[2]

(d) Explain why heart rate changes when you run.

[4]

[Total: 12]


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ForExaminer's

Use

(a) (i) The data for water uptake have been plotted on the grid below.

Plot the data for water loss on the same grid. Label both curves.

30

20

10

00000 0400 0800 1200 1600 2000 2400

time / hours

water uptakeor loss / gper hour

[4]

(ii) State the two times at which the uptake and loss of water were the same.

[1]


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UCLES 2011 0610/21/O/N/11

ForExaminer's

Use

(b) Explain how a decrease in temperature and humidity would affect the water loss bythis plant.

(i) temperature

[2]

(ii) humidity

[2]

[Total: 9]

7 Explain how the use of chemical fertilisers has increased food production in farming.

[4]

[Total: 4]


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ForExaminer's

Use

8 Reproduction in humans is an example of sexual reproduction.

Outline what occurs during:

(a) sexual intercourse,

[2]

(b) fertilisation,

[3]

(c) implantation.

[2]

[Total: 7]


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UCLES 2011 0610/21/O/N/11

ForExaminer's

Use

9 Fig. 9.1 shows the human digestive system and associated organs.

A

H

I

B

C

D

F

G

E

Fig. 9.1

(a) Use letters from Fig. 9.1 to identify the structures described.

Each letter may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

(i) One structure where digestion of protein occurs.

(ii) One structure where bile is stored.

(iii) One structure where peristalsis happens.

(iv) One structure where starch digestion occurs.

(v) One structure where amino acids are absorbed into the blood.

[5]


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ForExaminer's

Use

(b) State two functions of each of the structures labelled C and E on Fig. 9.1.

(i) structure C

1

2 [2]

(ii) structure E

1

2 [2]

[Total: 9]


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0610/02/O/N/03

1 Fig. 1.1 shows six arthropods.

Fig. 1.1

A B

C D

E F


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Use the key below to identify each of these arthropods. Write the name of each arthropod inthe correct box in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1

[4]

[Total : 4]

For Examiners

Use

name of arthropod

1 arthropods with three pairs of legs go to 2arthropods with four or more pairs of legs go to 3

2 arthropods with one pair of wings Musca arthropods with two pairs of wings Anax

3 arthropods with pincers at the front end of body go to 4arthropods without pincers at front end of body go to 5

4 arthropods with tail held above body Buthus arthropods with tail tucked under body, not visible Cancer

5 arthropods with four pairs of legs Aranea arthropods with more than four pairs of legs Pandalina

arthropod picture name of arthropod

A

B

C

D

E

F


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0610/02/O/N/03

6 A mixture of vegetable oil, an enzyme and a pH indicator was put into a test-tube. The tubewas incubated at 35 C and the colour of the mixture was recorded at 5 minute intervals. Theindicator changes from blue to yellow at pH 5 or less.

The investigation was repeated at other temperatures and the results are shown in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1

(a) (i) Name the enzyme that digests the vegetable oil.

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State the end products of oil digestion.

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Suggest how these end products cause the change in colour of the indicator.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Explain the difference in results between the tubes incubated at 15 C and 35C.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

For Examiners

Use

time inincubation temperature in C

minutes 5 15 25 35 45 55

0 blue blue blue blue blue blue

5 blue blue blue blue blue blue

10 blue blue blue yellow blue blue

15 blue blue yellow yellow blue blue20 blue yellow yellow yellow yellow blue

25 blue yellow yellow yellow yellow blue


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(c) (i) After 25 minutes, the tubes originally incubated at 5 C and 55C were thenincubated at 30 C for a further 20 minutes.

Suggest what the final colour would be in each of these tubes by completingTable 6.2.

Table 6.2

[2]

(ii) Explain these likely results.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[4]

[Total : 12]

For Examiners

Use

result after 25 minutes at result after a furtheroriginal temperature 20 minutes at 30 C

tube originally at blue5 C

tube originally at blue55C


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0610/02/O/N/03

7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a section through the heart.

Fig. 7.1

(i) Identify the blood vessels X and Y.

X ...............................................................................................................................

Y ...........................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) What is the function of the valves within the heart?

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Explain why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

X

Ysemilunarvalve

tricuspidvalve

For Examiners

Use


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(b) Table 7.1 shows the relative pressures in the chambers and associated blood vesselson the right side of the heart.

Table 7.1

(i) Complete Table 7.2 to show whether the valves are open or closed during theevents shown.

Table 7.2

[2]

(ii) Explain how data in Table 7.1 supports your answers in Table 7.2, for each of thevalves when the right ventricle is filling .

tricuspid valve ...........................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

semilunar valve .........................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

[Total : 9]

For Examiners

Use

relative pressure of bloodin arbitrary units

vena cava 1

right atrium filling 0

right atrium emptying 2

right ventricle filling 0

right ventricle emptying 5

pulmonary artery 3

valves open or closed

event tricuspid semilunar

right ventricle filling

right ventricle emptying


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0610/02/O/N/04

1 Use the dichotomous key, Fig. 1.1, to identify the five vertebrate groups, A, B , C , D and E .

Complete Table 1.1.

Fig. 1.1

Table 1.1

[4]

[Total: 4]

Animals with backbones

Adults without finsand gills

Have a leatheryskin B

Have skin withfeathers C

Lay eggs withshells

Do not lay eggswith shells

Adults with finsand gills A

Have skin withfur D

Have a nakedskin E

For Examiners

Use

UCLES 2004

letter in key name of vertebrate group

A

B

C

D

E


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4 Photosynthesis is a vital process in plants.

(a) Write an equation for photosynthesis using either words or chemical symbols.

......................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) (i) State where in a leaf cell photosynthesis occurs..................................................

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Complete this sentence.

During photosynthesis ..................... energy is changed to ..................... energy. [2]

(c) The main product of photosynthesis can be converted into other chemicals.

Complete the table.

[2]

(d) The formation of new cells in the roots requires materials formed in the leaves.

Describe how these materials reach the roots from the leaves.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[3]

For Examiners

Use

Use of main product of Name of chemical it isphotosynthesis converted into

Storage in leaf cells

To make plant cell walls

core biology

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