corazon artificial1
TRANSCRIPT
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1/8
3,1 52,340
Oct. 13, 1964
w. .
FRY
ETAI.
ARTIFICIAL HEART
3
Sheets-Sheet
1
iled
N o v .
2 8 .
> ~ 1 9 t - 3 0
H u i
INVENTORS
J Fr
/
/ 7
F i z z / z a s
J .
a g i / m l d
C
Y
BY
A
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3 , 1 5 2 , 3 4 0 V
c t . 1 3 , 1 9 6 4
w. J . FRY ETAL
ARTIFICIAL HEART
3
Sheets-Sheet 2
iled
Nov.
2 8 .
1960
O
49
~ PULMONAQY
ARTEQY
all
m f
W F F G
J / a
mm m f
m m m M
w m
W
38a
WM
, M T T O R N E Y S
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3/8
O c t .
1 3 , 1 964
w. J . FRY ETAL
3,152,340
ARTIFICIAL HEART
Filed
NOV. 28.
1960 3 Sheets-Sheet 3
INVENTOR.
MMM:
J ?
B Y 5 1 e / t a i s J .
Fr;
Pagina@ C y l e ? a z
L;
l
Q f
f / A
T O R N E
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United S t a t e s Patent
O
I
3 , 1 5 2 , 3 4 0
ARTIFICIAL HEART
3 .
F r y ,
F r a n c i s
I I .
F r y ,
and
R e g i n a i d
C .
E g g l e t o n ,
C h a m p a i g n , I I L , a s s i g n o r s t o I n t e r s c i e n c e R e s e a r c h I n
s t i t u t e , U r b a n a ,
I l l . a c o r p o r a t i o n o f I l l i n o i s
F i l e d
Nov. 2 8 , 1 9 1 5 9 ,
S e r .
No.
7 Z , I 5 5
9 C i a i m s .
( C i . 3-I
This i n v e n t i o n
r e l a t e s t o improvements
i n an a r t i i c i a l
h e a r t , and
more
p a r t i c u l a r l y t o
a
pumping
a p p a r a t u s
c a p a b l e o f
s u b s t i t u t i n g
f o r t h e mammalian h e a r t and
p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e human
h e a r t ,
t h e i n v e n t i o n
b e i n g
h i g h l y
d e s i r a b l e f o r use
e x t e r n a l l y
o f
t h e
body
a s
a means of
p r o v i d i n g
a n a d e q u a t e
b l o o d s u p p l y
w h i l e
t h e
r e a l
h e a r t
i s
i s o l a t e d
d u r i n g an
o p e r a t i o n ,
and e q u a l l y
a s
d e s i r a b l e
f o r
u s e i n t e r n a l l y o f t h e
body
a s a complete s u b s t i t u t e
f o r
t h e n a t u r a l h e a r t which
i s
removed and d i s c a r d e d , a l
though
t h e i n v e n t i o n may
have
o t h e r u s e s and p u r p o s e s
i n
c o n n e c t i o n w i t h
t h e
pumping
o f
a
l i q u i d ,
a s
w i l l
be
a p p a r e n t t o t h o s e
s k i l l e d
i n t h e
a r t .
The i n s t a n t i n v e n t i o n i s
an
improvement u p o n t h e me
c h a n i c a l
h e a r t
s e t f o r t h ,
d e s c r i b e d
and c l a i m e d i n William
I .
Fry
e t a l .
L e t t e r s
P a t e n t
No. 2 , 9 1 7 , 7 5 1
d a t e d
Decem
b e r
2 2 , 1 9 5 9 ,
and
p o s s e s s e s a l l o f
t h e a d v a n t a g e s o f
t h e
i n v e n t i o n i n t h e
a f o r e s a i d
p a t e n t ,
a s w e l l a s
o t h e r and
a d d i t i o n a l a d v a n t a g e s a p p a r e n t
from t h e
d i s c l o s u r e s h e r e
i n a f t e r .
H e r e t o f o r e , b l o o d pumping a p p a r a t u s o f t h e c h a r a c t e r
u t i l i z e d e x t e r n a l l y o f t h e body w h i l e t h e n a t u r a l h e a r t
was
i s o l a t e d
was
of a
cumbersome and
unwieldy
charac
t e r embodying
many p a r t s r e q u i r i n g s e p a r a t e s t e r i l i z a t i o n
and r e q u i r i n g
an
o b j e c t i o n a b l e amount o f
t i m e
and l a b o r
i n o r d e r t o p r o p e r l y p r e p a r e o r c o n d i t i o n
t h e
a p p a r a t u s
f o r u s e . A l s o , i n
t h e
event o f a
temporary
power
f a i l
u r e , hand o p e r a t i o n
o f t h e
a p p a r a t u s
would
be e x t r e m e l y
d i f f i c u l t i f not
i m p o s s i b l e
t o
a
s a t i s f a c t o r y e x t e nt . Fur
t h e r ,
p r e v i o u s l y
known a p p a r a t u s o f t h i s
t y p e
c o u l d
o n l y
be
used a
l i m i t e d l e n g t h o f t i m e w i t h o u t extreme danger
t o t h e
p a t i e n t owing
t o damage
t o
t h e b l o o d b e i n g
c i r
c u l a t e d
a p p a r e n t l y c a u s e d
by t h e a p p a r a t u s .
I n
a d d i t i o n ,
i t
might be
mentioned
t h a t
w i t h s u c h
f o r m e r l y
known
a p p a r a t u s a d j u s t m e n t s
a s t o
s p e e d
and amount o f
blood
f l o w i n g p e r minute c o u l d
n o t
be v a r i e d
w i t h o u t
c o n s i d
e r a b l e e f f o r t ,
and i n
some
c a s e s
i t was impossible
t o
Vary
speed o r o u t p u t per minute w h i l e
t h e
d e v i c e was
i n
op
e r a t i o n .
With
s u c h t h o u g h t s
i n
m i n d ,
i t i s a n i m p o r t a n t o b j e c t
o f t h e
i n s t a n t
i n v e n t i o n t o p r o v i d e
a
pumping
a p p a r a t u s
c a p a b l e
o f s u b s t i t u t i n g f o r a
n a t u r a l
h e a r t , which
i s
s u f
i i c i e n t l y
s m a l l
and
l i g h t
i n
w e i g h t
a s t o
be
h e l d
i n
one
hand
by an o p e r a t o r s h o u l d o c c a s i o n
w a r r a n t ,
and
which
i s , i n
e e c t ,
a s i l e n t , low p r e s s u r e
and
h i g h vol ume pump.
Another o b j e c t
o f t h e i n v e n t i o n
i s
t h e p r o v i s i o n o f
a
s i m p l e form o f n a t u r a l h e a r t s u b s t i t u t e
which
may b e
o p e r a t e d f o r a n i n d e f i n i t e l e n g t h
o f
t i m e p a r t i c u l a r l y f o r
t h e
pumping
o f
human b l o o d
w i t h o u t d a n g e r ,
s i n c e
t e s t s
h a v e shown t h a t t h e body p r o d u c e s
b l o o d
e l e m e n t s
f a s t e r
than damage t o elements o f
t h e
blood can occur
by v i r t u e
o f t h e u s e o f t h e i n v e n t i o n .
I t i s a l s o
a
f e a t u r e
o f
t h i s i n v e n t i o n t o
p r o v i d e a s i m p l e
form o f s u b s t i t u t e f o r
a
n a t u r a l h e a r t
which e f f e c t i v e l y
pumps a d e s i r e d
q u a n t i t y o f
blood
and i n
which
t h e
blood
c o n t a c t s
no s u r f a c e o t h e r
than a
r e l a t i v e l y n o n - r e a c t i n g
o r i n e r t
p l a s t i c s u r f a c e .
I t
i s
a l s o
a f e a t u r e
o f t h i s
i n v e n t i o n
t o
provide a pump
i n g a p p a r a t u s c a p a b l e o f
s e r v i n g
a s
a
s u b s t i t u t e
f o r
a n a t
u r a l h e a r t ,
and
i n
which
t h e
o u t p u t p e r minute may
b e
s e l e c t i v e l y v a r i e d a t w i l l and
w h i l e
t h e d e v i c e i s i n o p e r a
t i o n .
A u r t h e r o b j e c t o f t h e
i n v e n t i o n
i s t h e p r o v i s i o n o f
a
s i m p l e d e v i c e c a p a b l e o f s u b s t i t u t i n g f o r
a
n a t u r a l h e a r t ,
from which t h e d r i v e motor may
r e a d i l y
be removed and
40
45
50
55
60
7 0
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P a t e n t e d
O c t .
1 3 ,
1 9 6 4
f i
1C@
2
t h e
remainder
o f t h e a p p a r a t u s
s t e r i l i z e d a s
a
u n i t with
a
minimum o f t i m e and e o r t e x p e n d e d .
Also
a
f e a t u r e
o f
t h e i n v e n t i o n r e s i d e s
i n
t h e p r o v i s i o n
o f
a
s i m p l e
pumping
a p p a r a t u s c a p a b l e
o f
s u b s t i t u t i n g
f o r
a
n a t u r a l h e a r t , and from w h i c h , i n t h e e v e n t o f
a
tem
porary power f a i l u r e , o r f o r any
o t h e r
r e a s o n , t h e motor
may b e v e r y q u i c k l y
removed
and a c r a n k
s u b s t i t u t e d
s o t h a t t h e d e v i c e can
be
e e c t i v e l y o p e r a t e d
by h a n d .
Up
t o
` t h e a d v e n t
o f
t h e a f o r e s a i d L e t t e r s P a t e n t
No.
2 , 9 1 7 , 7 5 1 ,
a mechanical
o r
a r t i f i c i a l h e a r t c a p a b l e o f be
i n g mounted p e r m a n e n t l y
i n
t h e c h e s t c a v i t y o f a p a t i e n t
upon
removal
o f t h e n a t u r a l h e a r t had
n o t been
d e v e l
o p e d . I n r e g a r d
t o
t h e
s t r u c t u r e
o f t h e a f o r e s a i d p a t e n t ,
t h e
i n s t a n t
i n v e n t i o n c o m p r i s e s a s m a l l e r
s t r u c t u r e ,
em
b o d y i n g
l e s s moving
p a r t s , a n d
w h i c h
a l s o i n c l u d e s
o a t
i n g v a l v e s r e s p o n s i v e t o p r e s s u r e d i f f e r e n t i a l s a n d which
r e q u i r e no d i r e c t
m e c h a n i c a l a c t u a t i o n .
I t
i s a l s o
a n i m p o r t a n t o b j e c t
o f t h i s i n v e n t i o n
t o p r o
v i d e
a mechanical
o r
a r t i f i c i a l
h e a r t
having
an improved
d i a p h r a g m s t r u c t u r e , w h i c h
c o r r e s p o n d s
t o t h e c h a m b e r s
of a natural h e a r t .
S t i l l a n o t h e r i m p o r t a n t f e a t u r e o f t h i s i n v e n t i o n i s
t h e
p r o v i s i o n o f a n a r t i f i c i a l
h e a r t
h a v i n g p l a s t i c d i a p h r a g m s
t h e r e i n s o arranged t h a t t h e r e i s no
s t r e t c h i n
t h e mate
r i a l d u r i n g
o p e r a t i o n ,
no s h a r p c r e a s e s o r bending
p o i n t s
where
c r a c k i n g
m i g h t
o c c u r , t h e e n t i r e diaphargm o p e r
a t i n g
merely upon a
f l e x i n g
movement w i t h no
damaging
s t r a i n o n t h e m a t e r i a l i t s e l f .
While
some
o f t h e more s a l i e n t f e a t u r e s , c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
and
a d v a n t a g e s
o f
t h e
i n s t a n t i n v e n t i o n have been above
p o i n t e d o u t ,
o t h e r s w i l l become
a p p a r e n t from t h e
f o l l o w
i n g
d i s c l o s u r e s , t a k e n
i n
c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h
t h e
accompany
ing drawings, i n which: `
FIGURE 1 i s
a
s i d e
e l e v a t i o n a l view o f
an
a r t i i c i a l
h e a r t
embodying
p r i n c i p l e s
o f t h e
i n s t a n t
i n v e n t i o n ;
FIGURE 2
i s
an end e l e v a t i o n a l View
taken
s u b s t a n
t i a l l y a s i n d i c a t e d
by
t h e s t a g g e r e d
l i n e
II-II o f FIG
URE ;
FIGURE 3
i s
a v e r t i c a l s e c t i o n a l view
taken
s u b s t a n
t i a l l y
a s i n d i c a t e d
by
t h e l i n e I I I - I I I o f FIGURE l ;
FIGURE
4 i s an
e x p l o d e d v i e w ,
e n l a r g e d , and
showing
c o n f r o n t i n g f a c e s
o f
t h e v a l v e
chamber a s s e m b l y i n e l e v a
t i o n ;
FIGURE i s a p e r s p e c t i v e view o f one
o f
t h e i i o a t i n g
v a l v e e l e m e n t s a l o n e ;
FIGURE
6 i s a t r a n s v e r s e
s e c t i o n a l view
through a
v a l v e e l e m e n t t a k e n s u b s t a n t i a l l y a s i n d i c a t e d by t h e l i n e
VI-VI f FIGURE
FIGURE
7
i s
a
p e r s p e c t i v e view o f an
a r t i f i c i a l
h e a r t
e m b o d y i n g
p r i n c i p l e s
o f
t h e i n s t a n t i n v e n t i on e n c l o s e d
w i t h i n a
c a s i n g , f o r mounting i n t h e human
b o d y ;
FIGURE
i s a
d i a g r a m m a t i c e l e v a t i o n a l
view i n d i c a t
i n g t h e
mounting
o f t h e
s t r u c t u r e
o f
FIGURE
7 i n t h e
body
and
t h e p o s i t i o n i n g o f c o n t r o l c o n n e c t i o n s
o n
t h e
b o d y ;
FIGURE i s a
fragmentary s i d e e l e v a t i o n a l view
o f an
a r t i f i c i a l
h e a r t s t r u c t u r e l i g h t e r i n w e i g h t t h a n
i s
t h e
s t r u c
t u r e
shown i n FIGURE ; and
FIGURE
l 0 i s
a
f r a g m e n t a r y v e r t i c a l s e c t i o n a l v i e w
t a k e n
s u b s t a n t i a l l y a s
i n d i c a t e d
by t h e l i n e
X X
f FIG
URE
.
As shown on t h e d r a w i n g s :
R e f e r r i n g
now
more p a r t i c u l a r l y
t o
FIGURES l , 2
and 3 ,
we have shown a
s t r u c t u r e s u i t a b l e f o r use
both
e x t e r n a l l y
a n d
i n t e r n a l l y
o f
t h e
b o d y .
Such
d e v i c e ,
e x
t e r n a l l y
o f t h e b o d y , would o f c o u r s e b e u t i l i z e d when t h e
n a t u r a l h e a r t was
i s o l a t e d d u r i n g t r e a t m e n t ,
a d j u s t m e n t ,
an
o p e r a t i o n o r t h e l i k e .
This s t r u c t u r e i n c l u d e s a frame comprising a U-shaped
b a s e p o r t i o n I t o
one l e g
o f which i s a t t a c h e d a s i d e
member
2 , and
t o t h e
o t h e r
l e g
o f
which
i s a t t a c h e d
a
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5
p o l y m e r s , c o n d e n s a t i o n
r e s i n s , and
d i e n e d e r i v a t i v e s
com
pounded t o
p r o d u c e
s y n t h e t i c r u b be r -l i k e m a t e r i a l
i s
s a t
i s f a c t o r y f o r t h e p u r p o s e .
By
way o f e x a m p l e , t h e o u t l e t
n i p p l e 43
would
b e c o n n e c t e d
t h r o u g h
a t u b e t o t h e p u l
monary a r t e r y , t h e
o u t l e t
n i p p l e 44 t o t h e s u p e r i o r and
i n f e r i o r
venae
c a v a ; t h e n i p p l e 38 t o t h e a o r t a ; and t h e
n i p p l e
3 9
t o t h e
pulmonary
v e i n .
Upon
s t a r t i n g
o f
t h e
m o t o r , t h e e x t e r n a l p i s t o n 1 9 w i l l b e
r e c i p r o c a t e d
l a t e r a l l y
by t h e a c t i o n o f t h e
p i t m a n
1 6
a n d a l t e r n a t e l y
c o m p r e s s
and expand
each
o f
t h e c h a m b e r s . T h u s ,
upon
a
s i n g l e
r o t a t i o n o f t h e motor s h a f t , t h e r e w i l l
he a complete ex
p a n s i o n
a n d
d e p r e s s i o n o f
e a c h d i a p h r a g m c h a m b e r .
Looking
a t
t h e s t r u c t u r e a s i t i s shown i n FIGURE , a
c o m p l e t e c o m p r e s s i o n
o f
t h e
diaphragm chamber 2 i s
a p p r o a c h i n g
and i t w i l l be
n o t e d
t h a t t h e v a l v e 45
i s
i n
open p o s i t i o n
w h i l e
t h e
o a t i n g
v a l v e 4 6
i s i n c l o s e d p o s i
t i o n and
a t t h i s p o i n t b l o o d would
b e
d i s c h a r g e d
t h r o u g h
t h e
n i p p l e
4 3 t o
t h e
pulmonary a r t e r y . At t h e same t i m e
t h e
d i a p h r a g m chamber 2 l
i s
n e a r i n g
f u l l e x p a n s i o n ,
a n d
t h e
v a l v e 34
i s
i n c l o s e d p o s i t i o n
w h i l e l t h e
v a l v e 35
i s
i n
o p e n p o s i t i o n p e r m i t t i n g t h e e n t r y o f
b l o o d t h r o u g h
t h e
n i p p l e
3 9
from t h e pulmonary
v e i n .
When t h e
c r a n k
p i n
r e a c h e s t h e o pp o s i t e d i a m e t r i c a l p o s i t i o n
from
t h a t
s e e n
i n
FGURE
, t h e
diaphragm
chamber 2 1 w i l l b e e x p e l l i n g
blood
t h r o u g h t h e n i p p l e
3S t o
t h e
a o r t a
and t h e d i a
phragm chamber
2 t ) w i l l b e r e c e i v i n g
b l o o d
t h r o u g h
t h e
n i p p l e 44
from
t h e s u p e r i o r and i n f e r i o r venae c a v a . With
t r a n s p a r e n t
s h e e t s
f o r m i n g
t h e
d i a p h r a g m c h a m b e r s , i t i s
` a s i m p l e e x p e d i e n t
t o v i s i b l y
n o t e
whether a ny
g a s
i s i n
t h e system
s o
t h a t i t can be remov ed. l t
should
a l s o be
e s p e c i a l l y
n o t e d
t h a t
w i t h
t h e s t r u c t u r e
o f
t h e
d i a p h r a g m s
the p l a s t i c s h e e t s included t h e r e i n a r e s u b j e c t
t o
no
move
ment
o t h e r
than
an
i n > a n d
o u t
f l e x i n g ,
t h e r e
being
no ap
p r e c i a b l e t e n s i o n o r s t r e t c h p l a c e d upon t h e
m a t e r i a l
and
t h e r e
a r e no sharp bends
or
c o r n e r s
where cracking might
u l t i m a t e l y
o c c u r .
l f a s l i g h t l e a k a g e
t o
1 x e e p t h e blood
p r e s s u r e
o f a p a r
t i c u l a r p a t i e n t
down
s
i n d i c a t e d ,
a
p a r t i c u l a r i i o a t i n g
v a l v e
e l e m e n t
may
b e
e a s i l y
a d j u s t e d t o
p r o v i d e s u c h s l i g h t l e a k
a g e .
F u r t h e r , s h o u l d
t h e r e b e a temporary power
f a i l u r e ,
i t i s a s i m p l e expedient
- t o
q u i c k l y remove t h e
motor,
en
gage a hand crank
i n
t h e
e c c e n t r i c
1 l , and o p e r a t e
t h e
d e v i c e m a n u a l l y .
The a r t i f i c i a l heart can be
used
f o r an i n d e f i n i t e
l e n g t h
o f
t i m e ,
a s l o n g a s any p a r t i c u l a r
o c c a s i o n
may
w a r r a n t , f o r human
b l o o d
p a r t i c u l a r l y
w i t h o u t
damage
t o
any
o f
t h e blood e l e m e n t s .
The body p r o d u c e s r e d
c e l l s and p l a t e l e t s f a s t e r t h a n
damage
o c c u r s .
The f a c t t h a t t h e a r t i c i a l h e a r t embodies o n l y two
chambers whereas t h e n a t u r a l
h e a r t
embodies f o u r cham
b e r s makes no
e s s e n t i a l
d i e r e n c e .
N o r
d o e s i t m a l t e
any
d i f f e r e n c e
whatever
t h a t
t h e
pulmonary
s y s t e m i s
s u p p l i e d w i t h b l o o d t h e e q u i v a l e n t
o f
o n e - h a l f h e a r t b e a t
o u t
o f
p h a s e w i t h
t h e
s u p p l y
o f
b l o o d
t o
t h e s y s t e m i c
s y s t e m
by
t h e
a r t i c i a l
h e a r t , whereas b o t h
s y s t e m s
a r e
s i m u l t a n e o u s l y s u p p l i e d
by
a n a t u r a l
h e a r t , s i n c e e a c h
system
i s
s u p p l i e d a t
t h e
same
r a t e
a s
i t i s by t h e n a t u r a l
h e a r t .
As
s e e n
i n FIGURE 7 , b e f o r e
t h e
a r t i i i c i a l h e a r t i s
p l a c e d i n t h e b o d y , i t i s c o v e r e d
w i t h
a
c a s i n g
5l
o f
r e a s o n a b l y s t i l i r m a t e r i a l a n d t h i s c a s i n g i s p r e f e r a b l y
s h a p e d i n g e n e r a l a c c o r d a n c e
w i t h
t h e s h a p e o f
t h e
a r t i
c i a l heart
mechanism
so a s
t o
occupy a minimum
amount o f s p a c e . The c a s i n g may
be
f a s t e n e d t o t h e
frame
o f t h e
a r t i f i c i a l h e a r t
a t
t h e
bottom,
t o p
and t o
t h e
v a l v e
b l o c k s o n each s i d e or any o t h e r s u i t a b l e
l o c a t i o n s . The
c a s i n g
i s c o a t e d o n i t s o u t e r s u r f a c e
w i t h a s u b s t a n c e t h a t i s c o m p a t i b l e w i t h body
t i s s u e and
n o n - t o x i c .
To
t h i s
e n d , t h e c a s i n g
may
b e s p r a y e d w i t h
a
p l a s t i c c o a t i n g . The c a s i n g may
be a t t a c h e d
i n
a
known
manner
t o t h e t r a n s v e r s e p r o c e s s e s of t h e t h o r a c i c
v e r t e b r a e
and
a b i l a t e r a l f a s t e n i n g would appear t o
be
most d e s i r a b l e . Added
s e c u r e r n e n t
may
b e
had
by a l s o
securing t h e
c a s i n g
t o
one
or
more
r i b s so t h a t i t
i s
h e l d i i r m l y a n d
p o s i t i v e l y
i n p l a c e . W i r e s 5 2 from t h e
10
15
40
4 5
50
55
60
65
7 0
7 5
motor e x t e n d t h r o u g h t h e c a s i n g , and i n t h i s i n s t a n c e
t h e
n i p p l e s h a v e b e e n l e n g t h e n e d t o
p r o j e c t
w e l l
W i t h o u t
t h e
c a s i n g
f o r t h e a t t a c h m e n t
d i r e c t l y
t h e r e t o
o f
t h e
v a r i o u s blood v e s s e l s a s s e e n i n FIGURE , p r o j e c t i n g
n i p p l e 4 3 a
may
c o n n e c t d i r e c t l y w i t h t h e pulmonary
a r t e r y ; t h e
p r o j e c t i n g
n i p p l e
4 4 a
W i t h t h e j u n c t i o n v e i n
from t h e s u p e r i o r and i n f e r i o r venae
c a v a ;
t h e n i p p l e
35a
w i t h t h e
a o r t a ,
and
t h e n i p p l e
E9n
w i t h
t h e
pulmonary
v e i n . Obviously
t h e r e i s
a c l o s e s e a l
a s i n d i c a t e d
a t 53
between
t h e
n i p p l e s
and t h e
c a s i n g
5 1 and
t h e
same i s
t r u e a t t n e p o i n t where t h e w i r e s
o r
conductors
52
p a s s
t h r o u g h
t h e
c a s i n g .
I n a d d i t i o n ,
i t s h o u l d
be
n o t e d
t h a t
t h e c a s i n g p r e f
e r a b l y
i s
i i l l e d
i n t e r i o r l y w i t h
a l i q u i d
such
a s a
l i g h t o i l
which
would
s e r v e t o
l u b r i c a t e
any o f t h e movable p a r t s
n o t
f u n c t i o n i n g
w i t h a
s e l f - l u b r i c a t i n g
b e a r i n g
c o n s t r u c
t i o n ,
a n d t h a t l i q u i d i s i n
p r e s s u r e
e q u i l i b r i u m
w i t h t h e
b o d y .
l n FGURIE
8 t h e r e i s a
diagrammatic
showing o f a
human
body
5 d
w i t h
t h e
a r t i f i c i a l
h e a r t
g e n e r a l l y
i n d i
c a t e d
by numeral
5 5
mounted i n p o s i t i o n t h e r e i n . The
w i r e s t o t h e motor a r e p r e f e r a b l y formed
i n t o
a
s i n g l e
c a b l e i n d i c a t e d
a t
5 6
and
i t
i s
p r e f e r a b l e t o e x t e n d
t h i s
c a b l e b e t w e e n t h e
l a y e r s
o f
m e d i a s t i n u m t h r o u g h
t h e
m u s c l e s o f t h e c h e s t w a l l and t h e n between s u p e r f i c i a l
and
d e e p f a s c i a a l o n g
t h e l a t e r a l
a s p e c t
o f t h e ank
i n t o
t h e
i n g u i n a l
r e g i o n
a n d e m e r g e
t h e c a b l e
p r e f e r a b l y
b e l o w t h e i n g u i n a l l i n e . S t r a p p e d a r o u n d t h e t h i g h
and connected t o
t h e
c a b l e i s a
b a t t e r y
box
57
which n o t
o n l y
c o n t a i n s
b a t t e r i e s
f o r d r i v i n g t h e
m o t o r , b u t a l s o
c o n t a i n s a
r h e o s t a t
5 b
c o n t r o l l i n g
t h e v o l t a g e from t h e
b a t t e r i e s t o
s e l e c t i v e l y v a r y
t h e
s p e e d o f
t h e
m o t o r . The
e l e c t r o n i c means o f known t y p e which
change
t h e
d i r e c t
c u r r e n t
o f t h e b a t t e r y t o a l t e r n a t i n g
c u r r e n t f o r t h e
motor
may
i t h e r be c a r r i e d i n t h e
box
57
o n
t h e t h i g h ,
o r
t h e y
can be
mounted
a l o n g
with
a
s m a l l form o f
r e c h a r g e a b l e
b a t t e r y
i n s i d e
t h e c a s i n g o f t h e
a r t i c i a l
h e a r t
b e t w e e n
t h e diaphragm
s t r u c t u r e s
on e i t h e r s i d e o f t h e p i t m a n
1 6 .
f i / h e r e
t h e h e a r t
i s
f o r
u s e
i n s i d e
t h e
body
i t
i s
p r e f
e r a b l e
t o h a v e t h e n i p p l e s
e x t e n d
t h r o u g h t h e c a s i n g ;
a s
much a s p o s s i b l e o f t h e
frame
s t r u c t u r e
and
t h e v a l v e
chamber p a r t s
a r e made of
p l a s t i c
such a s nylon or
a
p o l y m e r i z e d t e t r a l l u o r o e t h y l e n e f o r t h e
s a k e
o f l i g h t n e s s
i n
w e i g h t ,
and
a l s o
f o r t h e
s a k e o f l i g h t n e s s
i n
w e i g h t
t h e
frame members
22 and 23
may
be
e l i m i n a t e d from
each
diaphragm chamber i t d e s i r e d . l n FIGURES 9 and l ( )
a diaphragm chamber i s
shown
with
t h e
frame
com
p l e t e l y e l i m i n a t e d .
T h i s
d i a p h r a g m chamber
c o n s i s t s o f
an
inner wall
25
and
an
outer wall
26
a s above d e s c r i b e d ,
b u t
i n s t e a d o f b e i n g m a r g i n a l l y
c o n n e c t e d by means o f
t h e
t r a r n e s t r u c t u r e ,
t h e o u t e r
and
i n n e r W a l l s o f t h e
chamber
a r e
connected by e i t h e r an i n t e g r a l seam
59
or
a
heat
s e a l
seam
i n
the same l o c a t i o n .
The
two s h e e t s
forming
t h e o u t e r
and
i n n e r w a l l s
may
be
h e a t
s e a l e d
t o g e t h e r around t h e m a r g i n s t h e r e o f o r i t might
be
p o s s i b l e
t o mold t h e e n t i r e diaphragm s t r u c t u r e i n one
u n i t a r y p i e c e e m b o d y i n g
b o t h W a l l s .
As m e n t i o n e d p r e v i o u s l y h e r e i n ,
i t
i s i m p o r t a n t t h a t
t h e w a l l s
o f t h e diaphragm chamber
a r e
s u b j e c t o n l y
t o
e x i n g .
There i s no e x c e s s i v e t e n s i o n , s t r e t c h ,
o r
mate
r i a l
s t r a i n upon
e i t h e r o r t h e w a l l s
d u r i n g
o p e r a t i o n
and
t h e r e
i s
no s h a r p
b e n d i n g o r m e c h a n i c a l s q u e e z i n g o f
t h e
w a l l s i n
any
l o c a t i o n . That i s
deemed h i g h l y
p r e f e r a b l e
t o
a v o i d
p o s s i b l e
c r a c k i n g o f t h e
diaphragm
chamber o r
p o s s i b l e r u p t u r e d u e t o
o v e r s t r a i n .
While t h e
p a r t i c u
l a r s h a p e
o f
diaphragm chamber i l l u s t r a t e d h e r e i n
may
n o t
b e
t h e o n l y one t h a t w i l l
a c c o m p l i s h
t h i s
p u r p o s e i t
i s a h i g h l y s a t i s f a c t o r y s h a p e . As
s e e n
i n
FIGURES
l
and 9 a p e r i p h e r a l
c o n t o u r
o f
each
diaphragm chamber
might
b e
s a i d t o
b e
g e n e r a l l y
s q u a r e
w i t h
widened
pro
t r u d i n g a n d r o u n d e d c o r n e r s , a
s t r a i g h t s i d e e d g e p o r t i o n
o i l
a l t e r n a t i n g w i t h a
p r o t r u d i n g
rounded
c o r n e r
6 1 ,
and
s o on
e n t i r e l y
around t h e
p e r i p h e r y
o f t h e
d i a p h r a g m .
T h i s s h a p e
p r o v i d e s
a
d i a p h r a g m o f e x c e p t i o n a l l y l o n g
l i f e .
-
8/10/2019 Corazon Artificial1
7/8
3 , 1 5 2 , 3 4 0
A f t e r
i n s t a l l a t i o n
o f t h e a r t i c i a l h e a r t i n t h e body o f
y t h e p a t i e n t ,
o r p r i o r t h e r e t o
i f
s o
d e s i r e d , t h e r he o s t a t 58
i s
p r e f e r a b l y
l i x e d
s o
t h a t i t i s
i m p o s s i b l e t o
f u l l y
t u r n
o f i
t h e b a t t e r y
c u r r e n t
s o t h a t t h e a r t i f i c i a l h e a r t w i l l
o p e r
a t e
a t
minimum
s p e e d under
any c i r c u m s t a n c e s .
A l s o ,
i t i s
w e l l known t h a t t h e
amount o f
b l o o d
pumped
t h r o u g h
t h e
body
v a r i e s
f o r
d i f f e r e n t
i n d i v i d u a l s ,
s o
t h a t
t h e
r h e o
s t a t i s p r e f e r a b l y s e t t o
p r o v i d e
a s p e e d o f o p e r a t i o n
f o r
any p a r t i c u l a r i n d i v i d u a l t o maintain proper
blood
p r e s
s u r e f o r t h a t p a t i e n t . I t might
a l s o
be noted
t h a t t h e
speed
o f o p e r a t i o n o f t h e a r t i f i c i a l
h e a r t
s h o u l d
be
changed o r
v a r i e d i n
a c c o r d a n c e
w i t h t h e
a c t i v i t y
o f
t h e
p a t i e n t
wear
i n g t h e
same.
For
example,
i f an
a d u l t
wearer
of
t h e
a r t i l i c i a l
h e a r t
i s a t r e p o s e
t h e
pumping o f
3 t o 4
l i t e r s
o f blood
p e r minute s h o u l d be s a t i s f a c t o r y
o n
t h e
a v e r a g e ,
whereas i f
t h a t
person
i s
a c t i v e i t
may
be
n e c e s s a r y t o
p ump 1 0
t o
l 2 l i t e r s o f
blood
p e r m i n u t e . T h i s change
i n
s p e e d
can be
accomplished
by an
a d j u s t m e n t o f
t h e
c o n t r o l , and i n most c a s e s
t h e
p a t i e n t
s h o u l d
make t h e
a d j u s t m e n t i n a n t i c i p a t i o n
o f e x e r t i o n .
I n g e n e r a l , d i a
phragm chambers
h a v i n g
a
c a p a c i t y
o f 70 c u b i c c e n t i m e
t e r s each should be s a t i s f a c t o r y
f o r most a d u l t
human i n
s t a l l a t i o n
and
w i t h
` t h e
i l l u s t r a t e d
s h a p e
o f
diaphragm
chambers
t h i s
can be accomplished and s t i l l m a i n t a i n
t h e
d i a p h r a g m c h a m b e r s r e l a t i v e l y s m a l l .
Fr om t h e f o r e g o i n g , i t
i s a p p a r e n t
t h a t
we
have
pro
v i d e d
a s i l e n t ,
low
p r e s s u r e
and h i g h
volume pumping
a p
p a r a t u s ,
s i m p l e i n
c o n s t r u c t i o n , v e r y c o m p a c t
a n d s m a l l
i n s i z e ,
and
which may f u n c t i o n a s an a r t i f i c i a l h e a r t sub
s t i t u t i n g
f o r - a
n a t u r a l h e a r t
e i t h e r e x t e r n a l l y o r
i n t e r n a l l y
of the
human
body.
I t w i l l be understood t h a t m o d i f i c a t i o n s
and
v a r i a t i o n s
may
be e f f e c t e d w i t h o u t d e p a r t i n g from
t h e
s c o p e
o f t h e
n o v e l
c o n c e p t s o f
t h e p r e s e n t
i n v e n t i o n .
We
laim a s our invention:
l . An r t i i i c i a l heart
t o
a c t
a s
a s u b s t i t u t e
f o r
a natural
h e a r t
b o t h
e x t e r n a l l y
and i n t e r n a l l y
o f
t h e b o d y , com
p r i s i n g
a y f r a m e ,
a
motor on s a i d f r a m e ,
an
a d j u s t a b l e
a m p l i t u d e e c c e n t r i c d r i v e n
by
s a i d m o t o r , a c r a n k p i n
s e c u r e d
t o t h e a d j u s t a b l e e c c e n t r i c , a pitman
p i v o t e d
t o
s a i d
frame
and
o s c i l l a t e d
by s a i d
crank
p i n ,
a
double
a c t
i n g p i s t o n
o n
s a i d p i t m a n ,
a
p l a s t i c
diaphragm d e f i n i n g a
chamber on
each
s i d e
o f
s a i d p i s t o n t o
be s u c c e s s i v e l y
c o m p r e s s e d
a n d e x p a n d e d
by
t h e
s a m e , e a c h
diaphragm
having an i n l e t
and an o u t l e t p o r t
t h e r e i n ,
a v a l v e c a s i n g
a d j a c e n t e a c h s a i d d i a p h r a g m h a v i n g s e p a r a t e c h a m b e r s
t h e r e i n each communicating
with a
d i f f e r e n t
one
o f s a i d
p o r t s ,
v a l v e s
i n s a i d c a s i n g s
c o n t r o l l i n g
f l o w t h r o u g h
s a i d
p o r t s ,
and a
n i p p l e e x t e n d i n g
from
e a c h v a l v e
c a s i n g
chamber f o r
c o n n e c t i o n
t o
a blood v e s s e l o f
t h e
b o d y .
2 .
An
r t i c i a l
heart
to
a c t a s
a
s u b s t i t u t e
for a natural
h e a r t b o t h e x t e r n a l l y
and i n t e r n a l l y
o f t h e b o d y , c o r n
p r i s i n g
a
frame,
a motor
o n s a i d frame, an
a d j u s t a b l e
a m p l i t u d e
e c c e n t r i c
d r i v e n
by
s a i d
m o t o r ,
a
c r a n k
p i n
s e l e c t i v e l y
s e c u r e d t o t h e a d j u s t a b l e
e c c e n t r i c ,
a
pitman
p i v o t e d t o
s a i d frame and
o s c i l l a t e d by
s a i d
c r a n k p i n ,
a d o u b l e
a c t i n g
p i s t o n
on
s a i d p i t m a n , a p l a s t i c
diaphragm
d e f i n i n g
a
chamber o n
each
s i d e o f s a i d
p i s t o n
t o
be
suc
c e s s i v e l y c o m p r e s s e d a n d e x p a n d e d by t h e
s a m e , e a c h
d i a
phragrn having
an
i n l e t and an o u t l e t p o r t t h e r e i n , a
v a l v e
c a s i n g
a d j a c e n t
e a c h s a i d
d i a p h r a g m h a v i n g s e p a r a t e
chambers t h e r e i n
each communicating w i t h a d i f f e r e n t
o n e o f s a i d p or t s , i i o a t i n g v a l v e s i n s a i d
c a s i n g s c o n t r o l l i n g
f l o w t h r o u g h s a i d p o r t s , and a n i p p l e e x t e n d i n g
from
e a c h
v a l v e c a s i n g chamber f o r connection
t o
a
blood v e s s e l
o f
t h e b o d y , a l l s u r f a c e s o f s a i d
c h a m b e r s ,
v a l v e s , a n d n i p
p l e s
w i t h
which b l o o d comes i n c o n t a c t b e i n g
o f
p l a s t i c
i n e r t material
n o n- damaging
to blood. ~
3 . An r t i f i c i a l heart to a c t a s
a
s u b s t i t u t e f o r a natural
h e a r t
b o t h
e x t e r n a l l y
and
i n t e r n a l l y
o f t h e
b o d y ,
c0m~
p r i s i n g a f r a m e , a
p a i r o f o p p o s e d
p l a s t i c d i a p h r a g m
c h a m b e r s , a n
o s c i l l a t o r y
p i t m a n
b e t w e e n
s a i d c h a m b e r s ,
means on
s a i d
pitman
connected
t o t h e i n n e r w a l l s o f
s a i d c h a m b e r s , t h e o u t e r w a l l s o f s a i d
chambers
having
i n l e t
and o u t l e t p o r t s t h e r e i n , a v a l v e box o v e r s a i d p o r t s
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
55
60
7 0
7 5
S
f o r
e a c h c h a m b e r , o a t i n g v a l v e s c o n t r o l l i n g f l o w t h r o u g h
s a i d p o r t s , a
s e p a r a t e n i p pl e
f o r e a c h p o r t e x t e n d i n g from
t h e r e s p e c t i v e
v a l v e b o x ,
and
means
t o
o s c i l l a t e s a i d
pitman.
4 .
An r t i c i a l heart t o
a c t
a s a s u b s t i t u t e
f o r
a n a t u r a l
h e a r t
b o t h e x t e r n a l l y and i n t e r n a l l y o f
t h e
b o d y , com
p r i s i n g
a
f r a m e ,
opposed
i n n e r
and
o u t e r
w a l l e d
d i a
phragms
d e n i n g chambers
t h e r e i n i n
s a i d
f r a m e , a dou
b l e -a c t i n g e x t e r n a l
p i s t o n
between
t h e i n n e r
w a l l s
o f s a i d
diaphragms, means t o r e c i p r o c a t e s a i d p i s t o n toalter
n a t e l y expand
and
c o m p r e s s
s a i d
d i a p h r a g m s , t h e
o u t e r
w a l l o f e a c h d i a p h r a g m h a v i n g
i n l e t
a n d o u t l e t
p o r t s
t h e r e i n ,
a
v a l v e box h a v i n g
c o i n c i d e n t a l p o r t s c o n n e c t e d
t o t h e
o u t e r W a l l o f each diaphragm and forming a p a r t
o f
s a i d
frame, valve
means
i n
s a i d
boxes c o n t r o l l i n g l i o w
t h r o u g h t h e d i a p h r a g m p o r t s , a n d a n i p p l e p r o j e c t i n g f r o m
e a c h v a l v e box f o r
e a c h p o r t .
5 . In an a r t i f i c i a l
h e a r t , a
frame,
a
valve
box
a t each
s i d e o f
s a i d
frame
h a v i n g
s e p a r a t e p o r t s
and
p a s s a g e s
t h e r e i n ,
a
n i p p l e
p r o j e c t i n g
from
e a c h
s a i d
box
f o r e a c h
s a i d
p a s s a g e , a
t i o a t i n g p l a s t i c p l a t e
v a l v e i n
e a c h
box f o r
c o n t r o l l i n g
f l o w t h r o u g h e a c h
p o r t
and p a s s a g e , a p a i r o f
opposed
d o u b l e - w a l l e d
diaphragms
one
w a l l o f
each
o f
which
i s c o n n e c t e d
t o
t h e
r e s p e c t i v e
v a l v e
box
and p r o
v i d e d w i t h
p o r t s c o i n c i d e n t a l
w i t h t h o s e
o f
t h e v a l v e b o x ,
and
k m e a n s
f o r a l t e r n a t e l y c o m p r e s s i n g a n d e x p a n d i n g
s a i d d i a p h r a g m s .
6 . In
an
a r t i i i c i a l h e a r t , a
f r a m e , a v a l v e
box a t each
s i d e
o f
s a i d
frame
h a v i n g k s e p a r a t e p o r t s and p a s s a g e s
t h e r e i n ,
a n i p p l e p r oj e c t i n g from
e a c h
s a i d box f o r
e a c h
s a i d
p a s s a g e , a
f l o a t i n g
p l a s t i c
p l a t e
v a l v e i n e a c h box f o r
c o n t r o l l i n g
i i o w
t h r o u g h e a c h p o r t and
p a s s a g e ,
a
p a i r o f
opposed d o u b l e - w a l l e d diaphragms one
w a l l o f
e a c h
o f
which i s
c o n n e c t e d t o t h e r e s p e c t i v e v a l v e box and
p r o
v i d e d w i t h
p o r t s
c o i n c i d e n t a l w i t h t h o s e o f t h e v a l v e b o x ,
and
means f o r a l t e r n a t e l y c o m p r e s s i n g
and
e x p a n d i n g s a i d
d i a p h r a g m s , s a i d d i a p h r a g m s
e a c h
c o m p r i s i n g
p l a s t i c
o u t e r
a n d
i n n e r w a l l s c o n n e c t e d a t t h e
p e r i p h e r i e s
t h e r e o f , a n d
a t l e a s t t h e
o u t e r
w a l l b e i n g
t r a n s p a r e n t .
7.
In
an a r t i f i c i a l h e a r t , a
frame,
a
v a l v e
box a t each
s i d e
o f s a i d frame
h a v i n g
s e p a r a t e p o r t s and
p a s s a g e s
t h e r e i n , a n i p p l e
p r o j e c t i n g from
e a c h s a i d
box
f o r e a c h
s a i d p a s s a g e ,
a
l i o a t i n g p l a s t i c p l a t e
v a l v e i n
each box f o r
c o n t r o l l i n g f l o w t h r o u g h e a c h p o r t and p a s s a g e , a p a i r o f
o p p o s e d
d o u b l e - w a l l e d
d i a p h r a g m s
one w a l l o f e a c h o f
which
i s
c o n n e c t e d t o
t h e
r e s p e c t i v e
v a l v e
box and
p r o
v i d e d w i t h p o r t s
c o i n c i d e n t a l
w i t h
t h o s e o f t h e v a l v e b o x ,
and means f o r
a l t e r n a t e l y c o m p r e s s i n g
and e x p a n d i n g
s a i d
d i a p h r a g m s , s a i d
p l a t e
v a l v e s b e i n g
o f
s u c h s i z e
i n com
p a r i s o n
w i t h t h e p o r t s
c o n t r o l l e d t h e r e b y t h a t
e a c h v a l v e
w i l l b l o c k f l o w t h r o u g h t h e r e s p e c t i v e
p o r t
e v e n t h o u g h
t h e v a l v e i s t i p p e d o u t o f p a r a l l e l l i s m w i t h t h e
p o r t .
8 .
In
an a r t i i c i a l h e a r t f o r use e x t e r n a l l y o f a
body
W h i l e
t h e
n a t u r a l
h e a r t
i s i s o l a t e d ,
a
p a i r
o f
o p p o s e d
d i a
phragms each comprising an
i n n e r
and an
o u t e r
s h e e t
o f
f l e x i b l e
p l a s t i c
m a t e r i a l ,
r i g i d
f r a m e members
s e c u r e d t o
g e t h e r a n d t i g h t l y c l a m p i n g
t h e
s h e e t s o f
e a c h d i a p h r a g m
t h e r e b e t w e e n
around
t h e p e r i p h e r y
o f
t h e
d i a p h r a g m ,
a
d o u b l e - a c t i n g
p i s t o n d i s p o s e d
c e n t r a l l y b e t w e e n s a i d d i a
phragms t o a l t e r n a t e l y compress and
expand t h e
s a m e ,
a
motor
t o
a c t u a t e s a i d p i s t o n , t h e o u t e r
s h e e t
o f each
d i a
phragm
h a v i n g
i n l e t and o u t l e t p o r t s t h e r e i n , a v a l v e box
c o n t a i n i n g V a l v e means and s e p a r a t e pa s s a g e s l e a d i n g from
s a i d p o r t s
mounted
o v e r t h e p o r t e d p o r t i o n o f e a c h s a i d
o u t e r
s h e e t ,
means t o
v a r y
t h e
s p e e d
o f s a i d
m o t o r , and
means
t o
vary
t h e s t r o k e
of
s a i d p i s t o n .
9 .
I n
a pumping mechanism f o r
u s e
e x t e r n a l l y o f
t h e
body
a s an
a s s i s t
t o t h e
n a t u r a l
h e a r t , a p a i r
o f
o p p o s e d
diaphragms
e a c h c o m p r i s i n g an i n n e r and o u t e r
s h e e t
o f
p l a s t i c
m a t e r i a l
connected
i n
a leakproof
manner
a t
t h e
p e r i p h e r i e s t h e r e o f ,
means
b e t w e e n t h e i n n e r w a l l s
o f
s a i d
d i a p h r a g m s t o
a l t e r n a t e l y
e x p a n d a n d c o n t t r a c t t h e d i a
p h r a g m s ,
t h e o u t e r
s h e e t o f e a c h diaphragm h a v i n g a n
i n l e t
and an o u t l e t p o r t t h e r e i n , a v a l v e box
c o n t a i n i n g
p r e s s u r e r e s p o n s i v e v a l v e means and s e p a r a t e p a s s a g e s
-
8/10/2019 Corazon Artificial1
8/8
3 , 1 5 2 , 3 4 0
l e a d i n g from s a i d p o r t s mounted o v e r t h e p o r t e d p o r t i o n
o f e a c h o u t e r s h e e t , a n i p p l e l e a d i n g from e a c h s a i d
p a s
s a g e f o r c o n n e c t i o n t o
a
body blood v e s s e l ,
and a
s y n
chronous motor t o d r i v e
s a i d
means.
R e f e r e n c e s
C i t e d
i n t h e l e
o f
t h i s
p a t e n t
UNITED
STATES
PATENTS
1,657,741 Carrey ______________
__
Jan. 3 1 , 1928
1 , 8 9 3 , 7 7 6
2 , 7 9 8 , 4 4 0
2 , 8 1 2 , 7 1 6
2 , 9 1 7 , 7 5 1
2 , 9 2 1 , 5 8 4
2 , 9 5 4 , 7 3 8
2 , 9 6 1 , 9 6 5
3 , 0 3 9 , 3 9 9
3 , 0 4 8 , 1 6 5
ie
Hull __________________
J an.
10, 1933
H a l l
__________________
__
Jul y
9 , 1957
Gray
________________ _ Nov. 12, 1957
Fry e t a l . ____________ _ Dec. 22, 1 9 5 9
Di Vette
______________
_ Jan. 19,
1960
Di
Vette ______________ _
Oct.
4 , 1960
Senning
e t
a 1 .
________
_ Nov. 29, 1 9 6 0
Everett ______________ _ June 19 , 1962
Norton ______________
_
Aug.
7 ,
1 9 6 2