corals and sea anemones on line: a functioning biodiversity database d. g. fautin and r. w....
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Corals and sea anemones on line: a functioning biodiversity database
D. G. Fautin and R. W. Buddemeier
University of Kansas:Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,
Natural History Museum, Kansas Geological Survey
NOAA Library, 21 November 2002
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National Science Foundation grants OCE 00-03970 (NOPP)
to Daphne G. Fautin and Robert W. Buddemeier
DEB95-21819, DEB 99-78106 (PEET)to Daphne G. Fautin
Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ, an IGBP project)
Students and colleagues whohave contributed data, time,
and ideas -- especially Adorian Ardelean
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Biogeoinformatics of Hexacorals (http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/Hexacoral/)
An on-line information resource system that consists of
two interactive databasesone dealing with taxonomy and biogeography of
hexacorals (corals, sea anemones, and their allies)
one dealing with environmental information for the marine environment
linked by front ends offering user support for searching, analyzing, and downloading the data
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Useful biological ‘databases’ cannot be just collections of
numbers – nor can the databases that support and interact with
them!
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SOME CONTENT
A BIT OF SOFTWARE DETAIL
PHILOSOPHY AND SUGGESTIONS
FUNCTIONALITY
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“Hexacoral” serves literature-derived, specimen-based distributional and environmental data on living hexacorallians of all orders
Holdings are most complete for the soft-bodied taxa, but data on Scleractinia are expanding rapidly and in coordination with NMITA
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961 genera and 7602 binomens and trinomens
2612 original descriptions 2712 valid species
1648 type specimen lots (on line; about as many waiting to be entered)
4404 images
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In addition to the data listed at right, fields have been added for:
•nematocysts
•symbionts and associates
•substrate type
•reproduction
•skeletal type
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THE CORE PAGE
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SYNGRAPH: a synonymy tool with both graphical and tabular outputs
Developed by Adorian Ardelean, Syngraph has been fully implemented for actinians, and is being applied to other groups as the database expands
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illustrationsfrom originaldescriptions
originalphotomicrographs of type material
originalphotos of type specimens
IMAGES
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Occurrence records displayed on a map use symbols of a different color for each synonymous name. This function can be used for investigating whether a synonymy is justified.
“Hexacoral” as a research tool
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For taxa with georeferenced records, a query of the companion global 30’ environmental database produces summaries of general environmental conditions for individual entries or a summary for the taxon
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“Hexacoral” as a research tool
to predict other placesthe species might occur,includinghabitats that might be vulnerable to invasion
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Occurrence data are scarce
To increase number of records per taxon > collect more (from museums, field, literature)
few museum records are on line, many are taxonomically dubious, or both
> include synonyms
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Anemones of most species seldom occur without fish symbionts
Anemonefish never occur without a host anemone
“Hexacoral” as a research tool
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87 half-degree cells contain 516 usable anemone records
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There is good overlap. Non-overlap is because of biological reality (fish do not occur in Hawaii), and sources of data (e.g. publications on anemonefish in Japan are not vouchered by specimens, research on anemones is scarce in South Africa)
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PRECISION andACCURACY
Of localityand taxonomy
To minimize problems> a centralized database> from the published record
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The combined search page yields an extended form of the “Hexacoral” species data link page
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Joint search products
“Hexacoral” dynamic location maps of NMITA fossil occurrences
NMITA stratigraphy
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An On-line Atlas of Marine Diversity
and a growinginventory of others
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The Ocean Biogeographic Information System provides a “system of systems” –
biological and environmental databases, geospatially and taxonomically resolved,
with tools to meet the needs of a widerange of users, disciplines, and problems
“Hexacoral” and its partners are members of OBIS
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Systems used
ORACLE
COLDFUSION
ArcIMS
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Oceanographic data acquired electronicallyDiffer from biological data in being
relatively homogeneouscontinuous
Lack taxonomic resolutionLack historical dimension
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“Two beautiful SeaWiFS satellite images of blooms off Newfoundland in the western Atlantic, the left-hand on 21st July 1999, the right-hand one
on 16th July 2000.”
http://www.soes.soton.ac.uk/staff/tt/eh/satbloompics.html
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“Two more stunning SeaWiFS satellite images of a probable (no ships have ever taken water samples to confirm them there) coccolithophore bloom cradling the Falkland Islands (Patagonian Shelf), the left-hand one on 29th November 1999, the right-hand one two weeks later on 13th December. Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and ORBIMAGE.”
http://www.soes.soton.ac.uk/staff/tt/eh/satbloompics.html
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SOURCES OF TAXONOMICALLY AND GEOGRAPHICALLY
RESOLVED DATA
Museum specimens
Published literature
Field work
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REQUIRES HUMAN INTERVENTION
In the fieldIn museumsIn publication/capture from publication
= $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
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Is no more costly than remote sensing
Is essential to many scientific and societal issues
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Biogeoinformatics of Hexacorals
www.kgs.ukans.edu/Hexacoral