coral reef products to support management of marine resources globally
DESCRIPTION
Coral Reef Products to Support Management of Marine Resources Globally. Presented by C. Mark Eakin. Requirement, Science, and Benefit. Requirement/Objective (Ecosystems, Climate) Develop tools for ecosystem forecasting to improve decision making - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010
Image:
MODIS Land Group,
NASA GSFC
March 2000
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010
Coral Reef Products to Support Management of Marine
Resources Globally
Coral Reef Products to Support Management of Marine
Resources Globally
Presented by
C. Mark Eakin
Presented by
C. Mark Eakin
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Requirement, Science, and BenefitRequirement, Science, and Benefit
• Requirement/Objective (Ecosystems, Climate)– Develop tools for ecosystem forecasting to improve decision
making– Improve understanding of response to climate change
• Science– How can we improve the application of satellite data and
models to serve the need for climate information by coral reef resource managers?
• Benefit– Provide remotely-sensed information useful in the responses
and planning by coral reef marine resource managers / policy makers, scientists, and the public
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Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Drivers to ResearchDrivers to Research
Why Coral Reefs?
• Value:– up to $675 billion annually in fish, seafood, tourism,
and coastal protection worldwide
– $17 billion in U.S. tourism
– 1 billion people rely on reef fish for food
• Mass Bleaching (100s of kms)– Caused by high temperatures
• Climate Change– One of NOAA’s top 3 reef threats
– Only threat with global impact
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http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
Symbiotic algae
zooxanthellaezooxanthellae
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Scientific ApproachScientific Approach
End-to-End Research to Applications– Apply accurate remotely-sensed physical variables in marine
and coastal systems from STAR Science Teams• Temperature• Winds• Irradiance• Ocean Color
– Develop coral-specific products– Tailor products to management and science needs through
ongoing interactions with end-users– Train users in data access and application of products
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Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Operational ProductsOperational Products
Primary Products: AVHRR SST-based
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Coral – specific
http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
50km Nighttime Sea Surface Temperature (SST)50km Nighttime Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
Operational 2002Operational 2002
SST AnomalySST Anomaly
20022002
HotSpotHotSpot
20022002
Degree Heating WeekDegree Heating Week
20032003
Bleaching Alert AreasBleaching Alert Areas
20092009
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Experimental ForecastsExperimental Forecasts
SST Data: from satellites to forecast models
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Operational Operational Bleaching Alert Bleaching Alert Areas:Areas:• From satellite-SSTFrom satellite-SST• Current conditionsCurrent conditions• 1-3 week advance 1-3 week advance notice of reef responsenotice of reef response• Currently POES Currently POES AVHRR SSTAVHRR SST
http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
Experimental Experimental Bleaching Outlook:Bleaching Outlook:• From SST forecastFrom SST forecast• 4-month outlook4-month outlook• Currently LIM model Currently LIM model from ESRL, future from ESRL, future NCEP CFSNCEP CFS
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Products in DevelopmentProducts in Development
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http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
Light Stress Damage
Ocean
Acidification
Coral Disease
Risk
High-Resolution SST
Doldrum Winds
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Product DeliveryProduct Delivery
Data Dissemination: Built to Serve User Needs
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http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
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• Various Data Delivery Modes- Google Earth- HDF / CoastWatch
Data Analysis Tool- Various image and
data formats
• Redistribution by Regional Users
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Product DeliveryProduct Delivery
Virtual Stations
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http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
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Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Science for ManagementScience for Management
Outreach and Training
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• Six “Responding to Climate Change” workshops conducted, 120 scientists and managers trained:
– Australia, American Samoa (2007)
– Florida Keys, Hawaii (2008)
– Guam, Bonaire (2009)
• Seven “Satellite Tools for Reef Managers” workshops conducted, 180 scientists and managers trained:
– Mexico (2005, 2007)
– Philippines (2005, 2006)
– Zanzibar (2007)
– Belize (2009)
• Trained over 120 coral reef scientists and manage
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Science for ManagementScience for Management
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http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
Local managers can:
• Reduce bleaching• Reduce light stress• Cool reefs, increase mixing
• Increase survival• Improve water quality• Reduce disease prevalence
• Aid recovery
• Plan protected areas for future bleaching
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Coral Reef WatchCoral Reef Watch
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http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
Partnerships• World Bank/Global Environment Facility (WB/GEF)• Australia: Australian Research Council (ARC), Australian Inst.
of Marine Science (AIMS), Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
• NGOs: The Nature Conservancy (TNC), World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Project Aware
• Federal Agencies: NASA, USGS• US Universities: U South Florida, Texas A&M, U Puerto Rico,
Cornell, U Guam, U Hawaii• Foreign Universities: U Queensland, James Cook U,
U Tasmania, U Exeter, UNAM (Mexico), U Waterloo,U Philippines
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Challenges and Path ForwardChallenges and Path Forward
• Science challenges– Addressing new environmental parameters
influencing coral reef management decisions– Providing higher-resolution products
• Next steps– Working with STAR Science Teams to transition
new data to address coral reef management needs
• Transition Path– End-to-end approach from science teams to
resource managers, path, extent of transition is product dependent
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Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Coral Reef WatchCoral Reef Watch
14
http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
Backup Slides
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Coral Reef WatchCoral Reef Watch
Primary Products: SST-based
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http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
• Improved land mask– Operational land mask
excludes 60% of world’s coral reefs
– New land mask excludes only 6%
• Improved climatology– Based on 4-km Pathfinder
SST
– Improved performance compared to operational
• Now in testing phase
• Expected to become operational by FY11
Experimental Enhanced Coral Bleaching Product SuiteOperational Enhanced
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Coral Reef WatchCoral Reef Watch
Data Delivery: Virtual Stations
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http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
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===================================================================** [CRW Alert 20070711] Sombrero Reef: Bleaching Warning ===================================================================
Satellite observations: 9 July 2007 - 11 July 2007 -- Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks : 0.5 Deg C-week -- Historical Maximum Degree Heating Weeks : 9.2 Deg C-week (2005) -- Coral bleaching HotSpot : 1.0 Deg C -- Sea surface temperature : 30.3 Deg C -- Maximum Monthly Mean SST at site : 29.3 Deg C
Previous Three Alerts for Sombrero Reef: --06/25/2007 Bleaching Watch --10/07/2006 No Stress --09/11/2006 Bleaching Watch
Reef site name: Sombrero Reef SST Pixel latitude: 25.0 SST Pixel longitude: -81.5
Current Status: Bleaching Warning ===================================================================
Automatic Satellite Bleaching AlertsCurrently available for 191 sites
> 450 subscribers
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Coral Reef WatchCoral Reef Watch
17
http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
PartnershipsAustralian Research Council (ARC) Linkage Project Grant• “New Tools for Managing Ecosystem Responses to Climate Change on the
Southern Great Barrier Reef” (5 years, $1.2M)
• MOA between NOAA and University of Queensland
• NOAA is industry partner (contributes $140K/yr)
• Multiple Objectives– Investigating interactions of temperature, light, and hydrodynamics
– High-resolution, three-dimensional model of coral bleaching
– Great Barrier Reef high-resolution SST
– Coral disease algorithm based on SST
• Partners:– Australian Institute of Marine Science
– University of Queensland (Australia)
– Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Coral Reef WatchCoral Reef Watch
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http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
PartnershipsWorld Bank/GEF Coral Reef Targeted Research Program• MOA between NOAA and Univ. of Queensland enabling five-year grant
bringing funds into Coral Reef Watch to fund a contractor and international travel.
• Member of the remote sensing working group (Pete Mumby, Exeter, Chair)
• Many partners:– University of the Philippines
– University of Queensland (Australia)
– UNAM (Puerto Morelos, Mexico)
– University of Waterloo (Canada)
– University of Exeter (UK)
• Improving product delivery, new product development, and
international capacity building for coral reef managers
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Coral Reef WatchCoral Reef Watch
New Products: SST-based
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http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
• 1-km AVHRR SST for the Great Barrier Reef captured at Australia HRPT station
• Development of an experimental high-resolution (1 km) product suite for
• Great Barrier Reef region
• Caribbean
• Global– What is the optimal resolution?
– Partners: NASA, U. South Florida, World Bank CRTR, U. Queensland, AIMS, Australian BoM, The Nature Conservancy, UNEP
In Development: New Hi-Resolution SST
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Coral Reef WatchCoral Reef Watch
New Products: Doldrums from Satellite-Winds
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http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
• Recently enhanced doldrums product with improved algorithm
• 6-hourly NCDC Blended Sea Winds and climatology
• Evaluates persistence and intensity of low wind events
• Validated to coral bleaching events during low wind and low thermal stress
In situ data, Puerto Morelos, Mexico, 2005
Severe bleaching observed
Doldrums Product, Caribbean, 08/08/2005
Units=Doldrums Days
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Coral Reef WatchCoral Reef Watch
New Products: Light Stress Damage
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http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
• Launched a new experimental data product
• Combines POES SST and GOES insolation to pinpoint coral bleaching risk
• Algorithm based on coral physiology to improve bleaching and mortality risk
• Partners: World Bank CRTR, UNAM, U. Queensland, U. Exeter, University of Tasmania, Australian BoM
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Coral Reef WatchCoral Reef Watch
New Products: Coral Disease Risk
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http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
• New experimental product to pinpoint risk of disease outbreaks
• Based on winter and summer SSTs that increase risk of certain coral diseases
• Currently available for the Great Barrier Reef and Hawaii
• Partners: James Cook U., AIMS, World Bank CRTR, Cornell U., U. Puerto Rico, UNAM, U. Guam, UH, NOAA
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Coral Reef WatchCoral Reef Watch
New Products: Ocean Acidification
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http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
Partnership includes NOAA, USGS, NASA
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Coral Reef WatchCoral Reef Watch
Outreach and Training
24
http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
• Seven “Satellite Tools for Reef Managers” workshops conducted:
– Mexico (2005, 2007)
– Philippines (2005, 2006)
– Zanzibar (2007)
– Belize (2009)
• Trained over 180 coral reef scientists and managers on:
– Remote sensing of sea surface temperature
– How elevated temperature causes coral bleaching
– Coral Reef Watch data products from NOAA satellites that pinpoint areas currently at risk for bleaching
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Coral Reef WatchCoral Reef Watch
25
http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
SST
TimeWeek-0 Week-12
Bleaching threshold (MMMSST+1ºC)
Maximum Monthly Mean SSTClimatology (MMMSST)
HotSpots
Degree Heating Weeks
Σ(HotSpot value × duration)
12 weeks
≥ 1°C
≥ 4 DHWs coral bleaching is expected≥ 8 DHWs mass bleaching and mortality are expected
bb ccaa dd
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
ImpactsImpacts
Outreach and Training
26
http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review09 – 11 March 2010
OutcomesOutcomes
Publication, Solid Science
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http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov