copyright national air filtration association 2006 rev. 2 commercial buildings l buildings can make...
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Commercial Buildings
Buildings can make people sick
Sick people are not productive
Sick people do not renew their lease
Sick people sue everybody
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Commercial IAQ Facts
• A failure to provide a healthy indoor environment may result in the owner falling below the (OSHA) standard of care, i.e., being found negligent.
• In order to be protected from a successful negligence claim, the owner/builder must make sure that indoor air quality issues are taken into consideration in both the design and construction of the building.
• During the life of the building the owner, as well as the facilities manager, is responsible for the proper maintenance of the building.
• A manager’s failure to take precautions to provide good air quality to tenants may expose the manager to serious claims of negligence.
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
HVAC Equipment Rooms We’ve Seen (Not Yours!)
Room B06 – Equipment and debris on the floor
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
SBS Suits
Negligence OSHA ASHRAE Standards
Strict Product Liability Fear of Cancer Punitive Damages
Breach of Contract Warranty Fraud and Misrepresentation
Americans With Disabilities Act
Prohibits Discrimination Multiple Chemical Sensitivity
Landlord / Tenant Breach of Lease Constructive Eviction
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Office Areas We’ve Seen
Room 309 - Microbe growth on chilled water pipe
Closet 101A - Damage to wallboard from previous water damage
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Sizes of Specific Indoor Contaminants
Electron Microscope Microscope Naked Eye
0.001 0.01 0.1 0.5 1.0 1 100
Bacteria
Viruses
Tobacco Smoke
Plant Spores
Cooking Smoke / Grease
Dander Hair
Dust
Fertilizer
Insecticide Dust
Coal Dust
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Size Distribution of Atmospheric Dust Sample
Source: University of Minnesota
30 micron
10 micron
5.0 micron
3.0 micron
1.0 micron
<1.0 micron
Percent by Particle Count
0.005%
0.175%
0.25%
1.07%
98.5%
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Typical Particle Exposure
•Dust
•Tobacco smoke
•Dust Mite Feces
•Droplet Nuclei
•Bacteria
•Fungal Spores / Pollen
•Animal Dander
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Deposition of Inhaled ParticlesIn Human Respiratory System
Aerodynamic Diameter (micron) Likely Region of Deposit
> 9.0 Filtered by nose
6.0 to 9.0 Deposited in Pharynx
4.6 to 6.0 Deposited in Trachea / Primary Bronchi
3.3 to 4.6 Deposited in Secondary Bronchi
2.15 to 3.3 Deposited in Terminal Bronchi
0.41 to 2.15 Deposited in the Alveoli
< 0.41 May be exhaled *
Ultrafine particles may be removed by diffusion mechanismSoure: Research Triangle Institute
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Indoor Air
Two Major Factors:
Cleaner Air = Good Health
Good Health = Higher Productivity
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Cleanroom 1 per liter
Arctic 10,000 per liter
Ocean 100,000 per liter
Rural 1 Million per liter
City 100 Million per liter
Highway 1 Billion per liter
Tobacco Smoke 100 Billion per liter
Health Benefit of Clean Air
Numbers of Particles
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Droplet Nuclei Produced by Infected Persons
MERV 11 90%
MERV 7 60%
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Asthma Mortality
Deaths - Asthma - All Regions USA
5,067 5,429
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
1960-62
1963-65
1966-68
1971-75
1975-78
1979-80
1981-83
1984-86
1987-89
1990-92
1993-95
Oil embargoFirst reported cases of Indoor Air Quality problems
Source: American Lung Association
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Tuberculosis (TB)
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Productivity
Productivity and Clean Air
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Estimated Median Changes in Productivity by Cause95% Confidence Interval for Median Percentage Change
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
Low Middle High
Move Buildings
New Building w/ ERW*
Disabling ERW*
* Environmentally Responsive Workstations
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Costs
Heating and Cooling $2.00 / sq foot
Other $11.00 / sq foot
Wages and Salary $20.00 / sq foot
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
European Standard of Care
Provides optimum performance on particles most associated with maladies effecting humans in standard HVAC controlled environments
MERV 13
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
The Best Way
Increase building air filtration efficiencies to the maximum the system will allow =>MERV 11(Contact a NAFA Certified Air Filter Specialist)
If a building occupant believes that management is acting expeditiously and intelligently to resolve serious air quality problems, then the likelihood of litigation will be greatly reduced.
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
What the Experts Say
All HVAC Systems Are Concerned With Quantity, NOT Quality.
Ole Fanger, Denmark
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Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Summary
Understand the implications of poor building IAQ: Increased Health Costs Increased Absenteeism Productivity Loss Realize All the Costs
Provide Best Possible Air Filtration: MERV 11 or greater for contaminant removal