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EnvironmentalProductDeclarationAccordingtoISO14025andISO21930ThisEPDisanindustrywideorindustryaveragecradle-to-gateEPDforStructuralPrecastmanufacturedbyCanadianPrecast/PrestressedConcreteInstitute,NationalPrecastConcreteAssociation&Precast/PrestressedConcreteInstitutemembers.EPDPRODUCTIONSTAGESUMMARYRESULTS-ONEMETRICTONOFSTRUCTURALPRECAST

CategoryIndicator UnitRawMaterial

SupplyTransport Manufacturing

Total

A1 A2 A3Globalwarmingpotential kgCO2

eq. 256.1 13.8 29.8 299.7

Acidificationpotential kgSO2eq. 4.7 0.1 0.2 5.0

Eutrophicationpotential kgNeq. 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3

Smogcreationpotential kgO3eq. 54.0 3.0 1.6 58.6

Ozonedepletionpotential kgCFC-11eq. 1.9E-03 5.2E-10 5.8E-10 1.9E-03

PrimaryEnergyConsumption

TotalPrimaryEnergy MJ,HHV 1,900.4 189.6 530.2 2,620.2

Non-renewable(fossil,nuclear) MJ,HHV 1,873.5 189.3 511.2 2,574.1

Renewable(solar,wind,biomasshydroelectric,&geothermal)

MJ,HHV 26.8 0.3 19.0 46.1

Materialresourcesconsumption

TotalMaterialResourceConsumption

kg 1,066.7 0.0 0.0 1,066.7

Non-renewablematerials kg 1,065.8 0.0 0.0 1,065.8

Renewablematerials kg 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.9

Freshwater l 1,340.3 0.0 257.0 1,597.3

Wastegenerated

Non-hazardous kg 1.0 0.0 64.2 65.2

Hazardous kg 0.01 0.0 10.0 10.0

IndustryWideEPDforStructuralPrecast

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ASTMInternationalCertifiedEnvironmentalProductDeclarationThisisanindustrywidebusiness-to-businessTypeIIIenvironmentalproductdeclarationforstructuralprecast.ThisdeclarationhasbeenpreparedinaccordancewithISO14025andISO21930,thegoverningprecastconcretecategoryrulesandASTMinternational’sEPDprogramoperatorrules.

TheintentofthisdocumentistofurtherthedevelopmentofenvironmentallycompatibleandmoresustainableconstructionproductsbyprovidingcomprehensiveenvironmentalinformationrelatedtopotentialimpactsofstructuralprecastavailableintheUSAandCanadainaccordancewithinternationalstandards.

EnvironmentalProductDeclarationSummaryOwners of the EPD

Canadian Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute

PO Box 24058 Hazeldean, Ottawa Ontario,

Canada K2M 2C3

Link (URL): www.cpci.ca

National Precast Concrete Association

1320 City Center Drive, Suite 200

Carmel, IN 46032

Link (URL): www.precast.org

Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute

200 West Adams St., Suite 2100

Chicago, IL 60606

Link (URL): www.pci.org

Each trade association/institute and their respective member companies provided both LCI and meta-data for the reference year 2014. Their combined membership operate more than 1,000 facilities in the US and Canada producing structural, architectural, utility and specialty precast products used on, above and below grade applications. This EPD background report represents an average product as a production-weighted average from plants of more than one


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manufacturer.

The owner of the declaration is liable for the underlying information and evidence.

Product Group and Name Structural Precast Concrete (UN CPC 3755)

Product Definition Structural precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in a reusable mold or "form" which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to the construction site and lifted into place. Structural precast concrete is used in building or civil engineering works and is primarily composed of cement, aggregates and reinforcement materials.

Product Category Rules

ASTM International, Product Category Rules For Preparing an Environmental Product Declaration For Precast Concrete, March 2015 [1].

Certification Period 11.11.2015 - 11.11.2020

Declared Unit 1 metric tonne (1,000 kg) of structural precast product and optionally 1 short ton (2,000 lbs) of structural precast product.

ASTM Declaration Number EPD-017

Program Operator ASTM International

Declaration Holder

Canadian Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, National Precast Concrete Association & Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute

Product group

Precast Concrete

Date of Issue

09.11. 2015

Period of Validity

5 years

Declaration Number

EPD-017

Declaration Type

An industry average “cradle-to-gate” EPD for structural precast as a product group manufactured by CPCI, NPCA and PCI members. Activity stages or information modules covered include production with the product ready for shipment from the point of manufacture (modules A1 to A3). The declaration is intended for use in Business-to-Business (B-to-B) communication.

Applicable Countries

United States and Canada

Product Applicability

Structural precast concrete products satisfy a wide array of building and civil engineering


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applications.

Content of the Declaration This declaration follows Section 11; Content of the EPD, ASTM International, Product Category Rules For Preparing an Environmental Product Declaration For Precast Concrete, March 2015.

This EPD was independently verified Timothy Brooke ASTM International 100 Barr Harbor Dr. West Conshohocken, PA 19428 [email protected]

by ASTM in accordance with ISO 14025:

Internal External

X

EPD Project Report Information

EPD Project Report

An Industry Average Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment of Precast Concrete Products for the US and Canadian Markets, October 2015

Prepared by

Athena Sustainable Materials Institute

119 Ross Avenue, Suite 100

Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 0N6

[email protected]

This EPD project report was independently verified by in accordance with ISO 14025 and the reference PCR:

Thomas P. Gloria, Ph. D.

Industrial Ecology Consultants

35 Bracebridge Rd.

Newton, MA 02459-1728

[email protected]

PCR Information

Program Operator ASTM International

Reference PCR

ASTM International, Product Category Rules For Preparing an Environmental Product Declaration For Precast Concrete (March 2015)

PCR review was conducted by:

Nicholas Santero, thinkstep Inc. – Chair Christine Subasic, Consulting Architectural Engineer and Juan Tejeda, ORCO Block Company


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1 PRODUCTIDENTIFICATION

1.1PRODUCTDEFINITION

Precastconcrete(UNCPC3755)isaconstructionproductproducedbycastingconcreteinareusablemoldor"form"whichisthencuredinacontrolledenvironment,transportedtotheconstructionsiteandliftedintoplace.Incontrast,standardconcreteisplacedintosite-specificformsandcuredonsite.Precastconcreteisprimarilycomposedofportlandcement,aggregatesandsteelreinforcementmaterials.

ForthepurposesofthisEPDthefollowingbroaddescriptivedefinitionforstructuralprecastisasfollows[1]:

Structuralprecastproducts|superstructurebridgeproductssuchasbridgedecks,girders,andparapets;substructurebridgeproductssuchasabutments,piers,footings,andpilecaps;buildingproductssuchascolumns,beams,interiorsolidbearingandshearwalls,doubletees,hollowcore,spandrels,andsolidslabs;stairsandstadiaseating;andotheritemssuchaspiles,footings,barriers,retainingwalls,railties,soundwallsandthelike.Structuralprecastproductscanbeconventionallyreinforcedorprestressed.

ThisEPDrepresentsabaselineorbenchmarkfortheCanadianandUnitedStatesstructuralprecastindustryandexemplifiesanaverageproductgroupasanaveragefrommorethanonemanufacturer.

2 PRODUCTAPPLICATIONStructuralprecastconcreteproductsareengineeredproductssatisfyingawidearrayofbuildingandcivilengineeringapplications.

3 DECLAREDUNITThedeclaredunitis1metrictonneofstructuralprecast.Dataisadditionallypresentedpershortton[1].

4 MATERIALCONTENTTable1belowpresentstheweightedaveragematerialcontentbyinputmaterialforthestructuralprecastproductgroupasderivedfromparticipatingmemberfacilitiesLCIdataforthetimeline2014.


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Table1:WeightedAverageMaterialContentforStructuralPrecastProductGroup

MaterialInputs SIUnitsperMetrictonneofStructuralPrecast

ImperialUnitsperShorttonofStructuralPrecast

Amount Unit Amount Unit

PortlandCement 152.2 kg 304.4 lbs

PortlandLimestoneCement(PLC) 7.0 kg 14.0 lbs

FineAggregate-naturalsand 298.3 kg 596.6 lbs

FineAggregate-manufactured 59.4 kg 118.8 lbs

CoarseAggregate-naturalgravel 156.6 kg 313.1 lbs

CoarseAggregate-crushed 233.3 kg 466.7 lbs

ManufacturedLightweightAggregate 2.6 kg 5.1 lbs

NaturalLightweightAggregate 3.0 kg 6.0 lbs

SCMs-FlyAsh 14.5 kg 29.0 lbs

SCMs-SilicaFume 1.8 kg 3.7 lbs

SlagCement 2.7 kg 5.3 lbs

ChemicalAdmixture(CA)-AirEntraining 0.14 litre 0.03 gallon

CA-WaterReducer/Plasticizer 0.17 litre 0.04 gallon

ChemicalAdmixture-Accelerator 0.26 litre 0.06 gallon

CA-HighRangeWaterReducer(HRWR)/SuperPlasticizerand/orViscosityModifyingAdmixture(VMA)

0.74 litre 0.18 gallon

CA-CorrosionInhibiting 0.76 litre 0.18 gallon

CA-RetardingAdmixture 0.04 litre 0.01 gallon

FormReleaseAgent 0.12 litre 0.03 gallon

Rebar 18.7 kg 37.4 lbs

WeldedWireReinforcement(WWR) 5.7 kg 11.4 lbs

SteelAnchors 4.7 kg 9.5 lbs

SteelStressingStrand 13.8 kg 27.7 lbs

PolypropyleneFibers 0.002 kg 0.003 lbs

GlassFibreReinforcedPolymer(GFRP)reinforcingbars

0.00 kg 0.001 lbs

ExpandedPolystyrene 0.74 bdft 0.67 bdft

ExtrudedPolystyrene 0.15 bdft 0.14 bdft

Brick 0.43 kg 0.87 lbs

Pigments 0.07 kg 0.14 lbs


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5 PRODUCTSTAGETheproductstageincludesthefollowingmodules[1]:

A1 Rawmaterialsupply;A2 Transporttothemanufacturer;andA3 Manufacturingandterminaloperations.

Figure2showstheproductstagesystemboundaryforthedeclaredproductsystem.

Figure1Productstagesystemboundary

TheProductStageincludesthefollowingprocesses[1]:Ø A1-Extractionandprocessingofrawmaterials,includingfuelsusedinproduct

productionandtransportwithinthemanufacturingprocess(A3);Ø A2-Averageorspecifictransportationofrawmaterialsfromtheextractionsite

orsourcetomanufacturingsite,inclusiveofemptybackhauls(whereapplicable);

Ø A3-Manufacturingofeachprecastproductincludingallenergyandmaterialsrequiredandallemissionsandwastesproduced;

NetConsumables 0.10 litre 0.02 gallon

TotalBatchWaterUse 59.4 litre 14.2 gallon


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Ø Averageorspecifictransportationfrommanufacturingsitetorecycling/reuse/landfillforpre-consumerwastesandunutilizedby-productsfrommanufacturing,includingemptybackhauls(whereapplicable);

Ø Finaldispositionofpre-consumerwastesinclusiveoftransportation;

TheProductStageexcludesthefollowingprocesses[1]:

Ø Production,manufacture,andconstructionofmanufacturingcapitalgoodsandinfrastructure;

Ø Formwork;Ø Productionandmanufactureofproductionequipment,deliveryvehicles,and

laboratoryequipment;Ø Personnelrelatedactivities(travel,officeoperationsandsupplies);andØ Energyandwateruserelatedtocompanymanagementandsalesactivitiesthat

maybelocatedeitherwithinthefactorysiteoratanotherlocation.

6 LIFECYCLEINVENTORY

6.1DATACOLLECTIONANDREPRESENTATIVENESS

CPCI,NPCAandPCImemberscombinedoperateabout1000precastmanufacturingfacilitiesintheUnitedStatesandCanada.Manufacturingfacilitiesvaryinsizeaswellastheproducttypestheyproduce.Forexample,somefirmsonlyproducestructuralorundergroundproductswhileothersmayproduceallfouroftheproducttypesofinterestaswellasotherspecialtyproducts.Lifecycleinventorydatawerecollectedfrom99facilitieswithinCanadaandtheUnitedStatesforthe2014referenceyear–representingslightlylessthan10%ofallmembers.Intotaltheparticipatingfacilitiesproducedintheorderof5.5millionmetrictonnesofprecast.AppendixAliststheplantsthatprovidedbothmetaandlifecycleinventorydatatosupportthisEPD.

Allgate-to-gateLCIflowdataforenergy,totalwateruse,emissionsandwastegeneratedwereaveragedontheannualproductionbasisacrossfacilitiestodetermineanoverallperunitprecastplantoperationsprofile.Theseperunitgate-to-gateoperationalflowswereusedtoestimatetheplantproductioneffectsacrossallprecastproductgroupsasplantswereunabletoprovidedetailedprocessbreakdownsforeachproductgroup,butprovidedannualproductgroupproductionfigures.Eachplantalsoprovidedaveragedformulationdataforeachproductgrouptheyproduceandthesedatatoowerealsoaveragedonaproductionweightedbasis,butonlyacrossplantsproducingtheprecastproductofinterest;inthiscasestructuralprecast.AsthisEPDrepresentsanindustrybenchmark,thecommissionersagreeditwouldbemoreinformativetoalsoreportamedianresultforinputandoutputflowsunderdirectcontrolofprecastproducers;i.e.,coremanufacturing(A3).Themedianflowsforelectricityandfuels,non-batchwateruseaswellasgeneratedwastesweredetermined


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andmodeled(linkedtoA1andA2upstreammodules).The“median”productionresultisreportedseparatelyandprovidesanalternativebenchmarkforprecastproducers.

6.2CUTOFFRULES,ALLOCATIONRULESANDDATAQUALITYREQUIREMENTS

Cut-offrules,asspecifiedinASTMPCRforprecastconcrete:2015,section7.3,wereapplied[1].Allinput/outputflowdatareportedbytheparticipatingmemberfacilitieswereincludedintheLCImodeling.Noneofthereportedflowdatawereexcludedbasedonthecut-offcriteria.

Allocationprocedures observedtherequirementsandguidanceofISO14044:2006,clause4.3andthosespecifiedinASTMPCRforprecastconcrete,section7.5.Themajorityoftheprecastfacilityoperationswerededicatedtotheproductionofoneormoreofthefourprecastproductgroups.Asmallnumberofthefacilitiesalsoproducedotherspecialtyprecastproducts–aco-product-andinsuchinstances“mass”allocationwasusedtoallocatefacilityLCIenvironmentalflows(inputsandoutputs)acrosstheco-productsforthosefacilitiespriortocalculatingandrollinguptheweightedaverageLCIflowsforthegate-to-gateprocessandindividualproductgroups.

Inaddition,thefollowingallocationrulesareapplied(Section7.5,ASTMPCRforprecastconcrete):

§ Allocationrelatedtotransportisbasedonthemassanddistanceoftransportedinput;

§ Recoveredmaterials(slagcement,flyash,syntheticgypsum,etc.)areconsideredrawmaterials.Onlythematerials,water,energy,emissions,andotherelementalflowsassociatedwithreprocessing,handling,sorting,andtransportationfromthepointofthegeneratingindustrialprocesstotheiruseintheproductionprocessareconsidered.Anyallocationsbeforereprocessingareallocatedtotheoriginalproduct;

§ Theenvironmentalflowsrelatedtothedisposalofthemanufacturing(pre-consumer)solidandliquidwasteareallocatedtomoduleA3Manufacturing.

Dataqualityrequirements,as specified in ASTM’s Precast Concrete PCR: 2015, section 7.3, were observed [1]. This section also describes the achieved data quality relative to the ISO 14044:2006 requirements. Data quality is judged on the basis of its precision (measured, calculated or estimated), completeness (e.g., unreported emissions), consistency (degree of uniformity of the methodology applied within a study serving as a data source) and representativeness (geographical, temporal, and technological).

Precision:TheCanadianandUnitedStatesparticipatingmembercompaniesthroughmeasurementandcalculationcollectedprimarydataontheirproductionofprecastconcreteandthevarioussub-groupproductcategories.ForaccuracytheLCAteamindividuallyvalidatedtheseplantgate-to-gateinputandoutputdata.


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Completeness:Allrelevant,specificprocesses,includinginputs(rawmaterials,energyandancillarymaterials)andoutputs(emissionsandproductionvolume)wereconsideredandmodeledtorepresentindustryaverageprecastconcreteaswellasprecastproductsubgroupsofinterest.TherelevantbackgroundmaterialsandprocessesweretakenfromtheUSLCIDatabase(adjustedforknowndataplaceholdersknownas“dummy”1),ecoinventv3.1LCIdatabaseforUnitedStatesandCanadaandmodeledinSimaProsoftwarev.8.0.4,March2015.

Consistency:Toensureconsistency,theLCImodelingoftheproductionweightedinputandoutputLCIdataforeachprecastproductsub-groupsusedthesamemodelingstructureacrossthememberfacilitiesproducingtheseproducts,whichconsistedofinputrawandancillarymaterial,energyflows,waterresourceinputs,productandco-productsoutputs,emissionstoair,waterandsoil,andmaterialrecyclingandpre-consumersolidandliquidwastetreatment.Crosschecksconcerningtheplausibilityofmassandenergyflowswerecontinuouslyconducted.TheLCAteamconductedmassandenergybalancesattheplantandselectedprocessleveltomaintainahighlevelofconsistency.

Reproducibility:InternalreproducibilityispossiblesincethedataandthemodelsarestoredandavailableinN.A.PrecastAthenaLCIdatabasedevelopedinSimaPro,2015.AhighleveloftransparencyisprovidedthroughoutthereportastheweightedaverageLCIprofileforeachproductsub-groupispresentedforthedeclaredproduct.Keyprimary(manufacturerspecific)andsecondary(generic)LCIdatasourcesaresummarizedinTable2.Theprovisionofmoredetaileddatatoallowfullexternalreproducibilitywasnotpossibleduetoreasonsofconfidentiality.

Representativeness:Therepresentativenessofthedataissummarizedasfollows.

§ Timerelatedcoverageoftheprecastmanufacturingprocess-primarydatacollected:2014(12months).

§ Genericdata:themostappropriateLCIdatasetswereusedasfoundintheUSLCI(adjusted)Database,ecoinventv.3.1databaseforUnitedStates,Canadaandglobal,2014.

§ Geographicalcoverage:thegeographicalcoverageistheUnitedStatesandCanada.

§ Technologicalcoverage:typicaloraverage.

1 “Dummy” is a term used by US LCI database that refers to “empty” LCI data sets (technosphere processes).


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7 LIFECYCLEASSESSMENT

7.1RESULTSOFTHELIFECYCLEASSESSMENT

Thissectionsummarizestheresultsofthelifecycleimpactassessment(LCIA)basedonthecradle-to-gatelifecycleinventoryinputsandoutputsanalysis.Theresultsarecalculatedonthebasisofonemetrictonne(1,000kg)ofstructuralprecast(Table2),butarealsoprovidedforoneshortton(2000lbs.)ofstructuralprecast(Table3).Thestructuralprecastproductionresultsaredelineatedbyinformationmodule(A1–Rawmaterialsupply),(A2–Rawmaterialtransport),and(A3–precastcoremanufacturing).

Table4providesapercentcontributionsummarybyinformationmodelforeachofthesupportedindicatorsandinventoryparameters.ContributionanalysisisananalyticalmethodusedtosupporttheinterpretationofLCAresultsandtofacilitatethereader'sunderstandingoftheenvironmentalprofileofthedeclaredproduct.

AsperASTMPCRforprecastconcrete:2015,Section8,theUSEPAToolfortheReductionandAssessmentofChemicalandOtherEnvironmentalImpacts(TRACI),version2.1,2012impactcategoriesareusedastheyprovideaNorthAmericancontextforthemandatorycategoryindicatorstobeincludedinthisEPD.Thesearerelativeexpressionsonlyanddonotpredictcategoryimpactend-points,theexceedingofthresholds,safetymarginsorrisks.Totalprimaryandsub-setenergyconsumptionwascompiledusingacumulativeenergydemandmodel.Materialresourceconsumptionandgeneratedwastereflectcumulativelifecycleinventoryflowinformation.

Table2:LCAresults–StructuralPrecast,onemetricton-absolutebasis


SupplyTransport Manufacturing Weighted

AverageTotal

A3MedianTotalA1 A2 A3

Globalwarmingpotential kgCO2eq. 256.1 13.8 29.8 299.7 295.5

Acidificationpotential kgSO2eq. 4.7 0.1 0.2 5.0 5.0

Eutrophicationpotential kgNeq. 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3

Smogcreationpotential kgO3eq. 54.0 3.0 1.6 58.6 58.5

Ozonedepletionpotential kgCFC-11eq.

1.9E-03 5.2E-10 5.8E-10 1.9E-03 1.9E-03


TotalPrimaryEnergy MJ,HHV 1,900.4 189.6 530.2 2,620.2 2,348.0

Non-renewable(fossil,nuclear) MJ,HHV 1,873.5 189.3 511.2 2,574.1 2,502.0


MJ,HHV 26.8 0.3 19.0 46.1 80.4



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AverageTotal



kg 1,066.7 0.0 0.0 1,066.7 1,066.7

Non-renewablematerials kg 1,065.8 0.0 0.0 1,065.8 1,065.8

Renewablematerials kg 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.9

Freshwater l 1,340.3 0.0 257.0 1,597.3 1,440.6

Wastegenerated

Non-hazardous kg 1.0 0.0 64.2 65.2 12.49

Hazardous kg 0.01 0.0 10.0 10.0 0.2

Note: A3 Median Total is the Production total (A1, A2 and A3 summed) based on the calculated median flows for A3

Table3:LCAresults-StructuralPrecast,oneshortton-absolutebasis



AverageTotal


Globalwarmingpotential kgCO2eq. 232.4 12.5 27.0 271.9 268.0

Acidificationpotential kgSO2eq. 4.3 0.1 0.2 4.6 4.5

Eutrophicationpotential kgNeq. 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2

Smogcreationpotential kgO3eq. 49.0 2.7 1.4 53.2 53.1

Ozonedepletionpotential kgCFC-11eq.

1.8E-03 4.8E-10 5.3E-10 1.8E-03 1.8E-03


TotalPrimaryEnergy MJ,HHV 1,724.0 172.0 481.0 2,377.0 2,130.0

Non-renewable(fossil,nuclear) MJ,HHV 1,699.6 171.8 463.7 2,335.2 2,269.8


MJ,HHV 24.3 0.2 17.3 41.8 72.9



kg 967.7 0.0 0.0 967.7 967.7

Non-renewablematerials kg 966.8 0.0 0.0 966.8 966.8

Renewablematerials kg 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.8

Freshwater l 1,215.9 0.0 233.1 1,449.0 1,306.9

Wastegenerated

Non-hazardous kg 0.9 0.0 58.3 59.1 11.3

Hazardous kg 0.005 0.0 9.0 9.1 0.2

Note: A3 Median Total is the Production total (A1, A2 and A3 summed) based on the calculated median flows for A3


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Table4:LCAresults-StructuralPrecast-percentbasis

WeightedAverageBasisRawMaterial

SupplyTransport Manufacturing

A1 A2 A3Globalwarmingpotential 85.5% 4.6% 9.9%

Acidificationpotential 94.3% 1.8% 3.9%

Eutrophicationpotential 96.3% 2.2% 1.4%

Smogcreationpotential 92.2% 5.2% 2.6%

Ozonedepletionpotential 100.0% 0.0% 0.0%

TotalPrimaryEnergy 72.5% 7.2% 20.2%

Non-renewable(fossil,nuclear) 72.8% 7.4% 19.9%

Renewable(solar,wind,biomasshydroelectric,&geothermal) 58.1% 0.6% 41.3%


100.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Non-renewablematerials 100.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Renewablematerials 100.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Freshwater 83.9% 0.0% 16.1%

Non-hazardous 1.5% 0.0% 98.5%

Hazardous 0.1% 0.0% 99.9%

7.2INTERPRETATION

Acrossthethreeproductioninformationmodules,moduleA1-rawmaterialsupplycontributesthelargestshareoftheimpactcategoryresults–accountingforbetween100%(ozonedepletion)andabout86%(globalwarmingpotential)oftheimpactburden.Theupstreamrawmaterialsupply(A1)alsoaccountsforthelargestshareofenergyuse;almostallofwhichisdrawnfromnon-renewableenergysources.Rawmaterialtransportation(A2)provestobeaminorcontributortotheburdensexhibitedbyprecastproducts–generally5%orless.Manufacturing(A3)structuralprecastproductscontributesintheorderof10%ofallgreenhousegasesand20%oftheprimaryenergyuse.

Thelifecycleimpactindicatorresults,basedonmedianA3manufacturingflows,varylittleastheseindicatorsaredrivenprimarilybythespecifiedupstreammaterials(A1)foreachprecastproductgroup.Generally,themedianresultindicatorsandmetricsare


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lowerthanthoseoftheweightedaverageprofile,indicatingthatthemedianplantuseslessenergyandwaterandgenerateslesssolidwastes.

Thesignificanceoftheseresultsisasfollows:

Ø Rawmaterialsupply(upstreammaterialeffects)isthemajorsourceoftheenvironmentalimpactsofprecastproductsandissignificantlyinfluencedbycementuse–effortstooptimizeorreducetheinputofcementbyusinglessburdensomecementblendsorincreasingsupplementarycementitiousmaterialsusewouldmarkedlyimprovetheenvironmentalperformanceofallprecastproducts.

Ø Asthemanufacturingstageisasubstantialconsumerofenergyandresponsibleforasignificantshareoftheimpacts,anyprocessorenergyconservationimprovementswoulddirectlyandsignificantlylowertheenvironmentalprofileofprecastproducts.

8 ADDITIONALENVIRONMENTALINFORMATIONQualityandEnvironmentalManagementSystems

Ingeneral,CPCI.NPCAandPCImembermanufacturingfacilitiesfollowtheISO14001environmentalmanagementsystem,ISO9001qualitymanagementsystemorotherin-housequalitycontrolsystems.

HealthProtection

TheOSHAstandardsareapplicableandfollowed.

-U.S.DepartmentofLabor,OccupationalSafety&HealthAdministration(OSHA),

29CFR,PART1910OccupationalSafetyandHealthStandards.

(https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owasrch.search_form?p_doc_type=STANDARDS&p_toc_level=1&p_keyvalue=1910)

Noadditionalhealthprotectionmeasuresextendingbeyondmandatoryoccupationalsafetymeasuresforcommercialoperationsarerequired.

9 DECLARATIONTYPEANDPRODUCTAVERAGEDECLARATIONThetypeofEPDisdefinedas:

A“Cradle-to-gate”EPDofstructuralprecastcoveringtheproductstage(modulesA1toA3)andisintendedforuseinBusiness-to-Businesscommunication.


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ThisEPDforstructuralprecast,UNCPC3755isanaverageproductEPD,asanaveragefromseveralCPCI,NPCAandPCImemberfacilities.

10 DECLARATIONCOMPARABILITYLIMITATIONSTATEMENTThefollowingISOstatementindicatestheEPDcomparabilitylimitationsandintenttoavoidanymarketdistortionsormisinterpretationofEPDsbasedontheASTM’sPrecastConcretePCR:2015:

-EPDsfromdifferentprograms(usingdifferentPCR)maynotbecomparable.

-DeclarationsbasedontheASTMPrecastConcretePCR[1]arenotcomparativeassertions;thatis,noclaimofenvironmentalsuperioritymaybeinferredorimplied.

11 EPDEXPLANATORYMATERIAL

Foranyexplanatorymaterial,inregardtothisEPD,pleasecontacttheprogramoperator.ASTMInternationalEnvironmentalProductDeclarations100BarrHarborDrive,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,http://www.astm.org

12 REFERENCES1. ASTMInternational,ProductCategoryRulesForPreparinganEnvironmental

ProductDeclarationForPrecastConcrete,March2015.

2. ISO21930:2007Buildingconstruction–Sustainabilityinbuildingconstruction–Environmentaldeclarationofbuildingproducts.

3. ISO14025:2006Environmentallabelinganddeclarations-TypeIIIenvironmentaldeclarations-Principlesandprocedures.

4. ISO14044:2006Environmentalmanagement-Lifecycleassessment-Requirementsandguidelines.

5. ISO14040:2006Environmentalmanagement-Lifecycleassessment-Principlesandframework.

6. ASTMProgramOperatorforProductCategoryRules(PCRs)andEnvironmentalProductDeclarations(EPDs),GeneralProgramInstructions,October2012.


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AppendixA–ParticipatingPlantList

Armtec, Richmond, BC Lafarge Precast, Winnipeg, MB

Arrow Concrete Products, Granby, CT Lee's Precast Concrete, Aberdeen, MI

Arto Brick & Tile, Gardena, CA Leesburg Concrete Company, Leesburg, FL

Atlanta Structural Concrete Company, Buchanan, GA Lindsey Precast , Franklinton, NC

Bartow Precast, Cartersville, GA Lindsey Precast, Colorado Springs, CO

BC Concrete, Inc. dba Missoula Concrete Construction, Missoula, MT

Lockwood Bros. Concrete Products, Armstrong, BC

Béton Préfabriques Du Lac Inc., Alma, QC Lowe Precast Inc., Waco, TX

Béton Préfabriques Du Richelieu, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC Manco Structures, TD., Schertz, TX

Blakeslee Prestress, Inc., Branford, CT Metromont - Greenville, Greenville, SC

By Crete, Lebanon, PA Metromont Corp. - Bartow, Bartow, FL

Camp Precast Concrete Products, Milton, VT Metromont Corp. - Charlotte, Charlotte, NC

Cement Industries, Inc., Fort Myers, FL Metromont Corp. - Hiram, Hiram, GA

Champion Precast, O’Fallon, MO Metromont Corp. - Richmond, Richmond, VA

Clark Pacific - Fontana Plant, Fontana, CA Mid South Prestress LLC, Pleasant View, TN

Clark Pacific - Woodland Plant, Woodland, CA Molin Concrete Products Company, Lino Lakes, MN

Colorado Precast Concrete, Loveland, CO North American Precast Company LLC. (NAPCO), San Antonio, TX

Columbia Precast Products, Washougal, WA Oldcastle - Avon, Avon, CT

Con Cast Pipe Inc., Guelph, ON Oldcastle - Rehoboth, Rehoboth, MA

Concrete Industries, Inc., Lincoln, NE Oldcastle Precast Building Systems, Edgewood, MD

Concrete Technology Corporation, Tacoma, WA

Oldcastle Precast Building Systems, Selkirk, NY

Conewago Precast Building Systems, Hanover, PA Oldcastle Precast Inc., Perris, CA

Construction Products, Inc. of Tennessee, Jacksonville, TN Oldcastle Precast, Fontana, CA

Coreslab Structures (Ariz) Inc., Phoenix, AZ Oldcastle Precast, San Diego, CA

East Texas Precast Co., LTD., Hempstead, TX Pennstress, a division of MacInnis Group, Inc.,


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Roaring Spring, PA

EnCon Colorado, Denver, CO Prestressed Casting Co. - Ozark Plant, Ozark, MO

Fabcon Precast, Barnesville, PA Prestressed Casting Co. - Springfield Plant, Springfield, MO

Fabcon Precast, Grove City, OH Rocky Mountain Prestress ARCHITECTURAL Plant, Denver, CO

Fabcon Precast, Savage, MN Rocky Mountain Prestress STRUCTURAL Plant, Denver, CO

Florence Concrete Products, Inc., Sumter, SC Schokbeton Québec Inc., St-Eustache, QC

Gage Brothers, Sioux Falls, SD Shea Concrete Products, Wilmington, MA

Gate Precast Company (Ashland City), Ashland City, TN SI Precast Concrete, Grandview, MO

Gate Precast Company (Hillsboro), Hillsboro, TX Spancrete Southeast, Inc., Sebring, FL

Gate Precast Company (Jacksonville), Jacksonville, FL Spancrete, Valders, WI

Gate Precast Company (Kissimmee), Kissimmee, FL Strescon Limited, Bedford, NS

Gate Precast Company (Monroeville), Monroeville, AL Strescon Limited, Saint John, NB

Gate Precast Company (Oxford), Oxford, NC Stresscon Corporation, Colorado Springs, CO

Gate Precast Company (Pearland), Pearland, TX Surespan Structures Ltd., Duncan, BC

Gate Precast Company (Winchester), Winchester, KY Tekna Corporation, Charleston, SC

Geneva Pipe & Precast, Orem, UT Tindall Corporation - Georgia Division, Conley, GA

GPRM Prestress, Kapolei, HI Tindall Corporation - Texas Division, San Antonio, TX

Granite Precast, Bellingham, WA Tindall Corporation Virginia Division, Petersburg, VA

Hanson Structural Precast Eagle (HBP - Caldwell), Caldwell, ID Tindall Corporation, Spartanburg, SC

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc., Corpus Christi, TX Unistress Corp, Pittsfield, MA

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc., San Marcos, TX Walters & Wolf Precast, Fremont, CA

High Concrete Group LLC - Denver Plant, Wells Concrete - Albany Plant, Albany, MN


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Denver, PA

High Concrete Group LLC - Springboro Plant, Springboro, OH Wells Concrete - Grandforks, Grandforks, ND

Kerkstra Precast, Inc., Grandville, MI Wells Concrete - Wells, Wells, MN

Kie-Con, Inc., Antioch, CA Wilbert Precast, Spokane, WA

Kistner Concrete Products, Batavia, NY William E. Dailey Precast, LLC, Shaftsbury, VT

Lafarge Precast, Calgary/Edmonton, AB


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