copyright © 2011 pearson education, inc. all rights reserved. chapter 12 the choices and challenges...

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 12Chapter 12

The Choices and The Choices and Challenges of Challenges of ChildbearingChildbearing


Childbearing Trends: Who’s Having Childbearing Trends: Who’s Having Babies?Babies?

Trends Among TeenagersTrends Among Teenagers Trends Among Unmarried ParentsTrends Among Unmarried Parents Pregnancy at Different AgesPregnancy at Different Ages


How We ReproduceHow We Reproduce

FertilizationFertilization• Sperm penetrates egg and is called a zygoteSperm penetrates egg and is called a zygote

ConceptionConception• Zygote develops into a blastocyst, which Zygote develops into a blastocyst, which

implants in endometrium 10-14 days laterimplants in endometrium 10-14 days later Three Phases of Prenatal Development:Three Phases of Prenatal Development:

• Germinal periodGerminal period• Embryonic periodEmbryonic period• Fetal periodFetal period


InfertilityInfertility

When Conception Fails: InfertilityWhen Conception Fails: Infertility• Sterility vs. infertilitySterility vs. infertility• Women: PID or endometriosisWomen: PID or endometriosis• Men: Azoospermia or oligospermiaMen: Azoospermia or oligospermia

Treating InfertilityTreating Infertility• e.g., Artificial insemination (sperm banks)e.g., Artificial insemination (sperm banks)

The Psychological Impact of InfertilityThe Psychological Impact of Infertility• Distressing, frustrating, and depressingDistressing, frustrating, and depressing


Treating InfertilityTreating Infertility

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART):Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART):• In vitro fertilization (IVF)In vitro fertilization (IVF)• Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)• Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)• SurrogacySurrogacy


The Changes Through PregnancyThe Changes Through Pregnancy

Inside the Uterus:Inside the Uterus:• PlacentaPlacenta• Umbilical cordUmbilical cord• Amniotic sacAmniotic sac


Fetal DevelopmentFetal Development

The Fetus at 0-12 WeeksThe Fetus at 0-12 Weeks The Fetus at 13-28 WeeksThe Fetus at 13-28 Weeks The Fetus at 29-40 WeeksThe Fetus at 29-40 Weeks


Pregnancy Trimesters:Pregnancy Trimesters:The First Trimester (0-12 weeks)The First Trimester (0-12 weeks)

BabyBaby• Critical period of developmentCritical period of development

Concern about exposure to teratogensConcern about exposure to teratogens MotherMother

• Presumptive signs of pregnancyPresumptive signs of pregnancy CoupleCouple

• Emotional changes (even if pregnancy is Emotional changes (even if pregnancy is planned)planned)


Pregnancy Trimesters:Pregnancy Trimesters:The Second Trimester (13-26 weeks)The Second Trimester (13-26 weeks)

BabyBaby• QuickeningQuickening• LanugoLanugo

MotherMother• Steady weight gainSteady weight gain• Mask of pregnancyMask of pregnancy• Mother lineMother line

CoupleCouple


Pregnancy Trimesters:Pregnancy Trimesters:The Third Trimester (27-40 weeks)The Third Trimester (27-40 weeks)

BabyBaby• Most rapid fetal growthMost rapid fetal growth

MotherMother• DiscomfortDiscomfort• Braxton-Hicks contractionsBraxton-Hicks contractions

CoupleCouple• WorryWorry


Labor and BirthLabor and Birth

Theories to Explain LaborTheories to Explain Labor The Role of ProstaglandinsThe Role of Prostaglandins


Types of Birth SettingsTypes of Birth Settings

Hospital BirthHospital Birth Birthing CenterBirthing Center Home BirthsHome Births


Understanding LaborUnderstanding Labor

Stage 1: LaborStage 1: Labor• Cervix effaces and it dilatesCervix effaces and it dilates

Stage 2: Pushing and DeliveryStage 2: Pushing and Delivery• Baby’s head crowns (possible episiotomy)Baby’s head crowns (possible episiotomy)

Stage 3: Delivery of the PlacentaStage 3: Delivery of the Placenta• The role of breastfeedingThe role of breastfeeding

Stage 4: RecoveryStage 4: Recovery• Postpartum depressionPostpartum depression


Sexual and Relationship Life After Sexual and Relationship Life After ChildbirthChildbirth

Sexual Life After Giving Birth Sexual Life After Giving Birth • Wait 6 weeksWait 6 weeks• lochialochia

Relationship Life After Giving BirthRelationship Life After Giving Birth• Importance of communicationImportance of communication


Unexpected OutcomesUnexpected Outcomes Cesarean SectionsCesarean Sections

• Nearly one-third of babies born in U.S. this wayNearly one-third of babies born in U.S. this way• Medical reasons for C-section:Medical reasons for C-section:

Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) Breech presentationBreech presentation Abrupted placentaAbrupted placenta Placenta previaPlacenta previa Prolapsed cordProlapsed cord Maternal diseaseMaternal disease Fetal distressFetal distress


Unexpected Outcomes Unexpected Outcomes (continued)(continued)

The Physically Challenged BabyThe Physically Challenged Baby• Birth defects and anomaliesBirth defects and anomalies• Loss and grief cycleLoss and grief cycle

Pregnancy LossPregnancy Loss• Spontaneous abortion/miscarriageSpontaneous abortion/miscarriage

Neonatal DeathNeonatal Death StillbirthStillbirth


Known Causes of StillbirthKnown Causes of Stillbirth


Sexual Life EducationSexual Life Education

Concluding PointsConcluding Points

copyright © 2011 pearson education, inc. all rights reserved. chapter 12 the choices and challenges...

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