copyright © 2010 pearson addison-wesley. all rights reserved. chapter 1 why study money, banking,...
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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
Chapter 1
Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets?
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.1-2
Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets
• To examine how financial markets such as bond and stock markets work
• To examine how banks, other financial institutions and financial regulation work
• To examine the role of monetary policy in the economy
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Financial Markets
• Markets in which funds are transferred from people who have an excess of available funds to people who have a shortage of funds
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The Bond Market and Interest Rates
• A security (financial instrument) is a claim on the issuer’s future income or assets
• A bond is a debt security that promises to make payments periodically for a specified period of time (that is, IOU)
• An interest rate is the cost of borrowing or the price paid for the rental of funds
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FIGURE 1 Interest Rates on Selected Bonds, 1950–2008
Sources: Federal Reserve Bulletin; www.federalreserve.gov/releases/H15/data.htm.
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The Stock Market
• Common stock represents a share of ownership in a corporation (IOBU)
• A share of stock is a claim on the earnings and assets of the corporation
• Common stock holders are residual claimants.
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FIGURE 2 Stock Prices as Measured by the Dow Jones Industrial Average, 1950–2008
Source: Dow Jones Indexes: http://finance.yahoo.com/?u.
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Financial Institutions and Banking
• Financial Intermediaries: institutions that borrow funds from people who have saved and make loans to other people:
– Banks: accept deposits and make loans
– Other Financial Institutions: insurance companies, finance companies, pension funds, mutual funds and investment banks
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Financial Crises
• Financial crises are major disruptions in financial markets that are characterized by sharp declines in asset prices and the failures of many financial and nonfinancial firms.
• Severe financial crises typically spill over into the real economy.