copyright © 2008 delmar. all rights reserved. chapter 22 maternal and child populations

Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.

Chapter 22

Maternal and Child Populations


2

Maternal Deaths

• Healthy People 2010 objectives

• See figures 16-4 and 16-5

• Reduce maternal deaths


3

Maternal Deaths

• Causes of maternal deaths:– Hemorrhage– Ectopic pregnancy– Pregnancy induced hypertension– Infection and other complications


4

Maternal Deaths

• Those at risk:– Women in rural areas– African Americans– Women who live near Indian reservations

• Public health nurse should assess for: – Factors indicating high risk pregnancy– Biophysical risk assessment


5

Maternal Deaths

• Public health nurse should assess for: – Factors indicating high risk pregnancy– Biophysical risk assessment– Psychosocial assessment– Client perception– Immigration problems– Ethnicity and culture– Health behaviors


6

Maternal Deaths

• Morbidity related to complications of pregnancy– Uterine prolapse– Fistulae– Incontinence– Pain during intercourse– Infertility

• Postpartum depression checklist


7

Reduce Rate ofFetal and Infant Deaths

• Low birth weight leading cause of death in infants

• Factors contributing to low birth weight:– Preterm delivery– Inadequate prenatal care– Alcohol and tobacco use– Drug use, poor nutrition, STDs


8


• Low birth rate may cause the following: – Respiratory distress– Infection– Intracranial hemorrhage– Blindness– Developmental delay– Feeding problems


9


• Other factors contributing to infant morbidity– Neural tube defects and fetal alcohol

syndrome


10


• Anticipatory guidance

• Reduce rate of child death– Motor vehicle accidents and unintentional

injuries


11


• Reduce rate of child death– Leading cause of death in children ages 1-4

years• Bright Futures guidelines• Immunizations• Assess for iron-deficient anemia and child abuse


12

Reduce Rate ofAdolescent and Young Adult Deaths

• Leading cause of death due to unintentional injuries– Motor vehicle accidents, falls, drowning– Poisonings, homicides, suicides


13

Reduce Rate ofAdolescent and Young Adult Deaths

• Health issues facing adolescents today:– Dietary and exercise habits– Problem solving and coping strategies– Alcohol, drug, tobacco use– Early and unprotected sex, unsafe driving– Participation in delinquent activities


14

Teen Pregnancy

• Contributing factors to teen pregnancy:– Early onset of puberty– Early age of intercourse– Increased sexual activity– No contraceptive use– Decreased knowledge about sex


15

Teen Pregnancy

• Three goals of comprehensive programs that address teen pregnancy:

1. Delay or halt sexual activity

2. Provide access to contraception

3. Strengthen life goals


16

Teen Pregnancy

• Care coordination – Healthy Families American Initiative Criteria

• Service initiation• Service content• Staff characteristics


17

Reduce Obesity and Improve Nutrition in Children and Adolescents

• Overweight and obesity are risk factors for:

– Asthma, type II diabetes, cardiovascular risk, sleep apnea, psychosocial consequences

• Two areas identified:1. Food consumption

2. Physical activity


18

Healthy Eating

• Guidelines for school lunch program – Provide more nutritious food and beverages

for foods sold a la carte– Increase number and variety of healthy food

choices– Encourage moderation rather than over-

consumption


19

Physical Activity

• Comprehensive school health model– Separate, female only physical education

class– Focus on physical activities selected by

students– Instruction on health benefits of physical

activity


20

Physical Activity

• Comprehensive school health model– Use of stairs versus elevator and walking

instead of driving– Fun, interactive, weight control programs– Gradual increase in activity level– Use of program leaders who have been

overweight in the past or currently managing their weight


21

Education and Community Based Programs

• Overall goal is to increase quality, availability, effectiveness of educational and community based programs such as:– Programs designed to prevent disease– Programs designed to improve health and

quality of life for children and adolescents


22

Healthy People 2010

• School health education should address:– Injury prevention, tobacco use– Alcohol and illicit drug use– Sexual behaviors that result in pregnancy and

STDs– Dietary patterns that cause disease– Inadequate physical inactivity


23

Coordinated School Health Program

• Eight components:1. Physical education2. Health services3. Counseling4. Psychological services5. Social services6. Healthy school environment7. Health promotion for staff8. Family/community involvement


24

National Association of School Nurses

• Comprehensive school health education curriculum addresses the following: – Personal, family, community, environmental

health, sexuality, emotional and mental health– Injury prevention, nutrition– Prevention and control of disease– Substance use and abuse


25

Maternal and Child HealthServices and Public Health Nursing

• Primary goal for public health nursing:– Attain, regain, or maintain health of mothers,

children and families

• Public health nursing practice– Promote normal growth and development– Facilitate health promotion and wellness


26

Maternal and Child HealthServices and Public Health Nursing

• Enhance nutritional and immunologic status– Promote safe environment– Improve health behaviors– Advocate healthy public policy– Monitor services

copyright © 2008 delmar. all rights reserved. chapter 22 maternal and child populations

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