copyright © 2007 pearson prentice hall, inc. 1 geology 4th edition by chernicoff & whitney...

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. 1

Geology 4th edition

by Chernicoff & Whitney

Chapter 20

Human Use of the Earth’s Resources

Chapter 20

Human Use of the Earth’s Resources


Energy and Mineral

Resources

Energy and Mineral

Resources

Figure 20-2


Reserves and ResourcesReserves and Resources

Reserves - Natural resources that have been discovered and can be extracted for a profit with existing technology and under prevailing economic conditions

Resources - Deposits that we know or believe to exist, but that are not exploitable today, whether for technological, economic, or political reasons


Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources

Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources

Renewable resources - Natural resources that are replenished over relatively short time spans (e.g., trees) or are available continuously (e.g., sunlight)

Nonrenewable resources - Natural resources that form so slowly that they are typically consumed more quickly than nature can replenish them (e.g., oil)


Energy Resources

Fossil fuels

Energy Resources

Fossil fuels

Figure 20-4

• Petroleum (hydrocarbons) Oil Natural gas

• Coal


PetroleumFormation

PetroleumFormation

0°C

100°C

Organics(Forams, etc.)

Kerogen

Tar, Paraffin, Wax

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

Smaller,simplercompounds


PetroleumFormation

PetroleumFormation

Figure 20-5


PetroleumOil shales and

tar sands

PetroleumOil shales and

tar sands

Figures 20-6 and 20-7


PetroleumGas hydrates

PetroleumGas hydrates

Highlight 20-1


PetroleumNorth American

deposits

PetroleumNorth American

deposits

Figure 20-6


CoalCoal

Lignite

BituminousCoal

Anthracite

Peat Increasing Temperature and

Pressure

Increase Carbon Content:CleanerBurning

Figure 20-8


CoalFormationCoal

Formation

• Terrestrial plant remains• Solar energy trapped by

photosynthesis

Figure 6-27


CoalNorth American

deposits

CoalNorth American

deposits

Figure 20-8


Fossil Fuels and the EnvironmentFossil Fuels and the Environment

Figure 20-10

• Acid rain• Global warming• Marine oil spills


Fossil Fuels and the EnvironmentFormation of acid rain

Fossil Fuels and the EnvironmentFormation of acid rain

Figure 20-9




Figure 20-11



Figure 20-12



Energy ResourcesAlternative energy resources - Renewable


Figure 20-13

• Geothermal• Hydroelectric• Tidal• Solar• Wind• Biomass• Nuclear

Fission Fusion




Figure 20-14


Fission Fusion




McNary Dam (Washington/Oregon) R. Viens


Fission Fusion





Fission Fusion

Figure 20-16





Fission Fusion

Figure 20-17





Fission Fusion

Figure 20-19




Figure 14-12


Fission Fusion


Energy ResourcesAlternative energy resources - Nonrenewable


Figure 20-20


Fission Fusion


Energy ResourcesDealing with nuclear waste

Energy ResourcesDealing with nuclear waste

Figure 20-21





Fission Fusion

(NASA)


Mineral ResourcesMineral Resources

Metallic resources - e.g., gold, silver, platinum; and oxides and sulfides of iron, copper, and aluminum

Nonmetallic resources - e.g., sand and gravel, limestone, and gemstones


MetalsProcesses that concentrate metals


Figure 20-22

• Hydrothermal deposits• Porphyry copper

deposits• Massive sulfide deposits• Gravity settling deposits• Placer deposits• Banded iron formations• Secondary enrichment

deposits






depositsFigure 20-23




Figure 20-23



deposits




Figure 20-24



deposits






deposits Figure 20-25






deposits Figure 20-26




Figure 20-27



deposits






deposits

Figure 20-27


MetalsMetals and plate

boundaries

MetalsMetals and plate

boundaries

Figure 20-28


Mining and the EnvironmentMining and the Environment

Figure 20-30

• Impacts

• Reclamation


NonmetalsBuilding materials, agriculture, & industry

NonmetalsBuilding materials, agriculture, & industry

Figure 20-31

• Sand & gravel• Limestone• Gypsum• Clay minerals• “Quarried rock”• Apatite• Sylvite• Sulfur• Quartz sand• Asbestos


Meeting Future Energy Needs

Hydrogen fuel cells

Meeting Future Energy Needs

Hydrogen fuel cells

Highlight 20-2


Meeting Future Mineral NeedsSeafloor mining

Meeting Future Mineral NeedsSeafloor mining

Figure 20-33


Meeting Future Mineral NeedsRevisiting mine tailings

Meeting Future Mineral NeedsRevisiting mine tailings

Figure 20-34

copyright © 2007 pearson prentice hall, inc. 1 geology 4th edition by chernicoff & whitney...

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