copyright © 2007 kalkomey enterprises, inc.. chapter eight preparation and survival skills


Chapter EightChapter Eight

Preparation and Preparation and

Survival SkillsSurvival Skills


Key TopicsKey Topics

Importance of Planning and PreparationImportance of Planning and Preparation

Topographic Maps and CompassesTopographic Maps and Compasses


Coping with Extreme WeatherCoping with Extreme Weather

Basic First AidBasic First Aid


ObjectivesObjectives

You should be able to …You should be able to …

list and describe four ways to prepare properly for list and describe four ways to prepare properly for hunting.hunting.

prepare a sample hunting plan.prepare a sample hunting plan.

list three conditions that affect a hunter’s physical list three conditions that affect a hunter’s physical ability to perform safely and responsibly.ability to perform safely and responsibly.

describe how to dress for hunting in cold weather.describe how to dress for hunting in cold weather.

state why hunters should wear daylight fluorescent state why hunters should wear daylight fluorescent orange clothing.orange clothing.


Objectives Objectives (cont.)(cont.)

demonstrate how to read a topographic map and use demonstrate how to read a topographic map and use a compass.a compass.

list the five primary requirements for survival.list the five primary requirements for survival.

list the eight basic survival rules.list the eight basic survival rules.

describe three ways to signal for help when lost in describe three ways to signal for help when lost in the outdoors.the outdoors.

give the causes and symptoms of hypothermia and give the causes and symptoms of hypothermia and explain how to prevent and treat hypothermia.explain how to prevent and treat hypothermia.


Objectives Objectives (cont.)(cont.)

give the causes & symptoms of heat exhaustion and give the causes & symptoms of heat exhaustion and explain how to prevent and treat heat exhaustion.explain how to prevent and treat heat exhaustion.

give three examples of why it’s important for every give three examples of why it’s important for every hunter to attend first-aid and CPR training courses.hunter to attend first-aid and CPR training courses.

demonstrate how to stop bleeding.demonstrate how to stop bleeding.

explain what to do if someone breaks a bone.explain what to do if someone breaks a bone.

describe how to recognize first-, second-, and third-describe how to recognize first-, second-, and third-degree burns, and how to treat them.degree burns, and how to treat them.

explain what to do immediately if a person suffers a explain what to do immediately if a person suffers a chest wound.chest wound.


Planning and PreparationPlanning and Preparation

Proper planning will help you:Proper planning will help you:

Be Ready:Be Ready: Responsible hunters anticipate potential Responsible hunters anticipate potential problems and make plans to deal with them. problems and make plans to deal with them.

Know Your Location:Know Your Location: Learn as much as you can about Learn as much as you can about hunting area before you arrive. Purchase topographic hunting area before you arrive. Purchase topographic map, and familiarize yourself with terrain.map, and familiarize yourself with terrain.

Prepare for Safety:Prepare for Safety: Assess your physical condition and Assess your physical condition and equipment. Refresh your memory of hunting and firearm equipment. Refresh your memory of hunting and firearm safety rules, and review rules with hunting partners.safety rules, and review rules with hunting partners.


Planning and Preparation Planning and Preparation (cont.)(cont.)

Tell Others:Tell Others: Prepare hunting Prepare hunting plan telling where and with plan telling where and with whom you are hunting and when whom you are hunting and when you expect to return. Leave plan you expect to return. Leave plan with family member or friend. Do with family member or friend. Do not deviate from plan without not deviate from plan without notification. notification.



Physical ConditioningPhysical Conditioning

Hunting often demands more physical exertion than Hunting often demands more physical exertion than you’re accustomed to doing. you’re accustomed to doing.

Conditions that hamper physical ability to perform safely Conditions that hamper physical ability to perform safely and responsibly while hunting include: allergies, asthma, and responsibly while hunting include: allergies, asthma, heart condition, excess weight, and poor physical heart condition, excess weight, and poor physical conditioning. conditioning.

Mental condition impacts performance as well.Mental condition impacts performance as well.

Prepare for hunt by getting in shape well in advance. Prepare for hunt by getting in shape well in advance. Amount of time needed to get in shape will depend on Amount of time needed to get in shape will depend on your physical condition and difficulty of planned hunt.your physical condition and difficulty of planned hunt.



ClothingClothing

Select clothing based on weather you Select clothing based on weather you expect, while being prepared for the expect, while being prepared for the worst. worst.

In warm weather, wear hat and light In warm weather, wear hat and light clothing that covers as much skin as clothing that covers as much skin as possible to prevent heat exhaustion or possible to prevent heat exhaustion or sunburn.sunburn.

Cold weather conditions call for Cold weather conditions call for clothing worn in layers. Layers offer clothing worn in layers. Layers offer superior insulation. As weather warms superior insulation. As weather warms up, can shed layer at a time to stay up, can shed layer at a time to stay comfortable.comfortable.



Most important clothing choices Most important clothing choices are a daylight fluorescent orange are a daylight fluorescent orange hat hat andand outerwear outerwear——nothing in nothing in nature matches this color. nature matches this color. Orange color of clothing should Orange color of clothing should be plainly visible from all be plainly visible from all directions. Required by law in directions. Required by law in many states.many states.


Topographic Maps/CompassesTopographic Maps/Compasses

Contour lines show elevation of the ground.Contour lines show elevation of the ground.

Contour intervals reveal vertical distance between each Contour intervals reveal vertical distance between each contour linecontour line——closely spaced contour lines indicate very closely spaced contour lines indicate very steep slopes.steep slopes.

Contour lines sharply Contour lines sharply tapered indicate uphill tapered indicate uphill direction.direction.

Rounded contour lines Rounded contour lines typically indicate typically indicate downhill direction.downhill direction.


Topographic Maps/Compasses Topographic Maps/Compasses (cont.)(cont.)

The CompassThe Compass

Orienteering compass is critical piece of equipment for Orienteering compass is critical piece of equipment for outdoor travel.outdoor travel. G Good orienteering compass has:ood orienteering compass has:

Clear base plateClear base plate that allows you to see map underneath. that allows you to see map underneath.

Straight sidesStraight sides for aligning two points or for drawing lines. for aligning two points or for drawing lines.



Liquid-filled needle housingLiquid-filled needle housing that keeps magnetic needle that keeps magnetic needle relatively steady when taking readings.relatively steady when taking readings.

Direction arrowDirection arrow painted on base plate (or you may use the painted on base plate (or you may use the edge of the compass) used to point compass from edge of the compass) used to point compass from starting point to destinationstarting point to destination

Orienting arrowOrienting arrow located in needle housing used to orient located in needle housing used to orient compass to map.compass to map.



DeclinationDeclination

Topographic maps drawn to Topographic maps drawn to true northtrue north (North Pole), (North Pole), indicated by grid lines on the map. Compass will always indicated by grid lines on the map. Compass will always point to point to magnetic northmagnetic north (Hudson Bay area). Difference (Hudson Bay area). Difference between true north and magnetic north called declination. between true north and magnetic north called declination.

When true north and magnetic north are aligned, you’re at When true north and magnetic north are aligned, you’re at 0º declination. Compass needle will point to true north. If 0º declination. Compass needle will point to true north. If you’re east or west of 0º declination, compass will not be you’re east or west of 0º declination, compass will not be in line with true north.in line with true north.



To compensate for declination:To compensate for declination:

►Center north arrow (the “N”) of compass dial along a Center north arrow (the “N”) of compass dial along a north/south line of map.north/south line of map.

►Check diagram at bottom of map that shows whether Check diagram at bottom of map that shows whether magnetic north is left or right of true north. magnetic north is left or right of true north.

►Turn compass dial correct number of degrees left or right Turn compass dial correct number of degrees left or right as indicated on map. “N” now pointing at magnetic north.as indicated on map. “N” now pointing at magnetic north.

►Hold compass level in front of you and rotate your body Hold compass level in front of you and rotate your body until tip of compass needle aligns with “N” on compass dial. until tip of compass needle aligns with “N” on compass dial. Direction arrow on base plate now points in direction you Direction arrow on base plate now points in direction you want to go.want to go.



Plot Your ProgressPlot Your Progress

As you hike into unfamiliar terrain, keep bearings by As you hike into unfamiliar terrain, keep bearings by taking frequent compass readings and plotting taking frequent compass readings and plotting progress on a map.progress on a map.

Note key points, such as stream crossings, to help you Note key points, such as stream crossings, to help you find your way back. find your way back.

Pay particular attention when you reach a high point at Pay particular attention when you reach a high point at top of a ridge. top of a ridge.

Use elevation to locate landmarks visible from there.Use elevation to locate landmarks visible from there.



Learning to set a course and Learning to set a course and take bearings takes study and take bearings takes study and practice. Best way to become practice. Best way to become proficient with compass is proficient with compass is under guidance of experienced under guidance of experienced individual.individual.



Rules of SurvivalRules of Survival

Give a responsible party your hunting plan.Give a responsible party your hunting plan.

Don’t travel or hunt alone.Don’t travel or hunt alone.

Take enough food and water to last for several days in an Take enough food and water to last for several days in an emergency.emergency.

Bring map and compass, and always orient yourself Bring map and compass, and always orient yourself before leaving camp.before leaving camp.


Survival Skills Survival Skills (cont.)(cont.)

Wear layered clothing. Take extra clothing with you. Wear layered clothing. Take extra clothing with you.

Plan outings so you can return to camp before dark.Plan outings so you can return to camp before dark.

Never leave camp without taking fire-starting equipment Never leave camp without taking fire-starting equipment and foil blanket.and foil blanket.

Don’t panic if you become lost!Don’t panic if you become lost!



If something goes wrong, switch into survival mode. If something goes wrong, switch into survival mode.

How you respond in early stages of getting turned How you respond in early stages of getting turned around often determines if disorientation is temporary around often determines if disorientation is temporary or traumatic. Keep a cool head and you’ll usually get or traumatic. Keep a cool head and you’ll usually get your bearings fairly quickly.your bearings fairly quickly.

Think through recent events to see if you can retrace Think through recent events to see if you can retrace your path. If you decide you can’t return to your camp your path. If you decide you can’t return to your camp or car, commit to spending night where you are. If you or car, commit to spending night where you are. If you remain in one spot, it’s very likely that you will be remain in one spot, it’s very likely that you will be found in few days. found in few days.

You now have three priorities: shelter, fire, and signal.You now have three priorities: shelter, fire, and signal.



ShelterShelter

Start preparing camp well before dark. Site should be dry, Start preparing camp well before dark. Site should be dry, well drained, and protect you from wind. Ideally, should well drained, and protect you from wind. Ideally, should be near water and firewood. be near water and firewood.

If no natural shelter available, If no natural shelter available, pick area with materials nearby pick area with materials nearby to build a lean-to or debris hut.to build a lean-to or debris hut.

Build fire where heat will radiate Build fire where heat will radiate into the shelter. Sleeping area into the shelter. Sleeping area should be located between should be located between shelter wall and the fire.shelter wall and the fire.



Starting a FireStarting a Fire

If snow on the ground, build fire on platform of green logs If snow on the ground, build fire on platform of green logs or rocks. If terrain is dry, clear a patch of bare dirt to or rocks. If terrain is dry, clear a patch of bare dirt to avoid starting grass or forest fire.avoid starting grass or forest fire.

Gather everything you need Gather everything you need before before starting fire. Collect starting fire. Collect more fuel than you think you can use.more fuel than you think you can use.

Pile fine twigs, grass, or bark shavings loosely as base. If Pile fine twigs, grass, or bark shavings loosely as base. If no dry kindling, remove bark from trees. Use knife to no dry kindling, remove bark from trees. Use knife to shave dry wood from inside of bark. shave dry wood from inside of bark.



Place slightly larger sticks on starter material, until you Place slightly larger sticks on starter material, until you have pile about 10 inches high. have pile about 10 inches high.

If no breeze, light kindling in middle of base. If breezy, If no breeze, light kindling in middle of base. If breezy, light one end of kindling so light one end of kindling so flame will be blown toward flame will be blown toward rest of fuel. As kindling lights rest of fuel. As kindling lights and flames spread to larger and flames spread to larger twigs, slowly add more wood. twigs, slowly add more wood. Add larger pieces as fire Add larger pieces as fire grows. Large fire will throw grows. Large fire will throw more heat and be easier to more heat and be easier to maintain.maintain.



Signaling for HelpSignaling for Help

When you decide to stay put and wait for rescue, prepare When you decide to stay put and wait for rescue, prepare help signals as soon as possible. help signals as soon as possible.

International emergency sign for distress is three of any International emergency sign for distress is three of any signal: three shots, three blasts on a whistle, three signal: three shots, three blasts on a whistle, three flashes with a mirror, or three fires evenly spaced. Do not flashes with a mirror, or three fires evenly spaced. Do not light signal fires until you hear aircraft. Adding green light signal fires until you hear aircraft. Adding green boughs to fire helps create smoke.boughs to fire helps create smoke.



If near open space, walk an “X” in the snow, grass, or If near open space, walk an “X” in the snow, grass, or sand. Make as large as possible, so can be seen easily sand. Make as large as possible, so can be seen easily from the air. Placing branches, logs, or rocks along “X” from the air. Placing branches, logs, or rocks along “X” will make it more visible. will make it more visible.

Once you have shelter, fire, and your signal prepared, can Once you have shelter, fire, and your signal prepared, can focus on water and food.focus on water and food.



Personal locator beacons Personal locator beacons (PLBs) provide a distress and (PLBs) provide a distress and alerting system for use in a life alerting system for use in a life and death situation. A PLB is a and death situation. A PLB is a small transmitter that sends out small transmitter that sends out a personalized emergency a personalized emergency distress signal to a monitored distress signal to a monitored satellite system.satellite system.



WaterWater

Even in cool weather, you need two to four quarts of Even in cool weather, you need two to four quarts of water a day. Under most conditions, humans can only water a day. Under most conditions, humans can only last about three days without water.last about three days without water.

Pure drinking water is rare, even in the most remote Pure drinking water is rare, even in the most remote regions. Clear mountain streams often are contaminated regions. Clear mountain streams often are contaminated by by Giardia lambliaGiardia lamblia, a parasite that causes serious , a parasite that causes serious intestinal sickness in humans.intestinal sickness in humans.



Best way to purify water is by boiling. Chemical purifiers Best way to purify water is by boiling. Chemical purifiers and filter systems can be used, but some may not be and filter systems can be used, but some may not be satisfactory. Never make survival problems worse by satisfactory. Never make survival problems worse by drinking unsafe water. drinking unsafe water.

Solar stills provide emergency drinking water. Ground Solar stills provide emergency drinking water. Ground water condenses on plastic cone set in ground, and drips water condenses on plastic cone set in ground, and drips into collecting pan. Make several stills if you have no into collecting pan. Make several stills if you have no other source of water.other source of water.



To make a solar still:To make a solar still:

Dig a pit 3 feet wide by Dig a pit 3 feet wide by 18 inches deep.18 inches deep.

Place a shallow container in Place a shallow container in center.center.

Run a tube from the container Run a tube from the container to the edge of the pit.to the edge of the pit.

Lay clear plastic over pit and Lay clear plastic over pit and place a rock or a little soil in place a rock or a little soil in the center to form a cone.the center to form a cone.

Draw water through a tube to Draw water through a tube to avoid disturbing still.avoid disturbing still.



FoodFood

Humans can go two weeks or more without food. Humans can go two weeks or more without food. Anywhere there is game, there is food. Anywhere there is game, there is food.

Before you head into a remote area, good idea to read up Before you head into a remote area, good idea to read up on what’s edible in that particular region. Hopefully, you’ll on what’s edible in that particular region. Hopefully, you’ll be able to use your hunting equipment to harvest bulk of be able to use your hunting equipment to harvest bulk of your food.your food.


Coping with Extreme WeatherCoping with Extreme Weather

HypothermiaHypothermia

Occurs when body loses heat faster Occurs when body loses heat faster than can produce it, causing core than can produce it, causing core body temperature to fall.body temperature to fall.

Wet or damp clothes draw heat out Wet or damp clothes draw heat out of your body more rapidly than air. of your body more rapidly than air. Wind lowers body temperature as it Wind lowers body temperature as it evaporates moisture from your evaporates moisture from your body. Resting against cold surfaces body. Resting against cold surfaces also draws heat from your body.also draws heat from your body.


Coping with Extreme Weather Coping with Extreme Weather (cont.)(cont.)

Prevention of Hypothermia: Prevention of Hypothermia:

Hypothermia can be prevented by dressing properly, Hypothermia can be prevented by dressing properly, avoiding potentially dangerous weather conditions, and avoiding potentially dangerous weather conditions, and drying out as quickly as possible when wet.drying out as quickly as possible when wet.

High-calorie foods, such as chocolate, peanuts, or raisins High-calorie foods, such as chocolate, peanuts, or raisins provide quick energy that helps body produce heat.provide quick energy that helps body produce heat.



Symptoms of Hypothermia:Symptoms of Hypothermia:

Uncontrolled shiveringUncontrolled shivering

Slow, slurred speechSlow, slurred speech

Memory lossMemory loss

Irrational behaviorIrrational behavior

Lack of body movementLack of body movement

SleepinessSleepiness

Unconsciousness, which Unconsciousness, which could lead to deathcould lead to death



Treatment of Hypothermia:Treatment of Hypothermia:

Find shelter for victim.Find shelter for victim.

Remove wet clothingRemove wet clothing——replace with dry clothing and replace with dry clothing and other protective covering. If no dry clothing, use fire to other protective covering. If no dry clothing, use fire to dry one layer at a time.dry one layer at a time.

Give warm liquids to rehydrate and rewarm, but Give warm liquids to rehydrate and rewarm, but nevernever give victim alcohol. Quick energy foods also produce give victim alcohol. Quick energy foods also produce inner body heat.inner body heat.

For mild cases, use fire, blankets, or another person’s For mild cases, use fire, blankets, or another person’s body heat.body heat.



For more advanced stages, rewarm victim slowly by one For more advanced stages, rewarm victim slowly by one or more persons in body contact with victim. Place or more persons in body contact with victim. Place canteens of hot water insulated with socks or towels on canteens of hot water insulated with socks or towels on groin, armpits, and sides of neck of victim.groin, armpits, and sides of neck of victim.

Victim at or near Victim at or near unconsciousness must unconsciousness must be handled gentlybe handled gently——do do not immerse in warm not immerse in warm bath or expose to large bath or expose to large fire. Immediate medicalfire. Immediate medicalcare is required.care is required.



FrostbiteFrostbite

Occurs when tissue freezes. If Occurs when tissue freezes. If caught in extremely cold caught in extremely cold weather, pay attention to head weather, pay attention to head and extremities. Wear face and extremities. Wear face cover if temperature below cover if temperature below zero. If you have any zero. If you have any symptoms, treat immediately.symptoms, treat immediately.



Symptoms of Frostbite:Symptoms of Frostbite:

Skin turns off-whiteSkin turns off-white

Prickly or tingling feeling as ice crystals formPrickly or tingling feeling as ice crystals form

Feet may be painful initiallyFeet may be painful initially——pain disappears as frostbite pain disappears as frostbite progressesprogresses

In severe cases, loss of feeling in affected areaIn severe cases, loss of feeling in affected area



Treatment of Frostbite:Treatment of Frostbite:

Warm affected area with body heat, avoid rubbing areaWarm affected area with body heat, avoid rubbing area——can damage tissue.can damage tissue.

Don’t use hot water or other external heat sources, which Don’t use hot water or other external heat sources, which could cause burns.could cause burns.

Wrap with warm, dry clothing.Wrap with warm, dry clothing.

Move to a warm shelter.Move to a warm shelter.

Drink hot liquids.Drink hot liquids.

Get medical attention.Get medical attention.



Heat ExhaustionHeat Exhaustion

Opposite of hypothermia: Opposite of hypothermia: core body temperature core body temperature increases, usually as a increases, usually as a result of hot and humid result of hot and humid conditions, plus a lack of conditions, plus a lack of water.water.



Prevention of Heat Exhaustion:Prevention of Heat Exhaustion:

Drink plenty of water.Drink plenty of water.

Take frequent breaks if hiking to or from hunting spot, Take frequent breaks if hiking to or from hunting spot, especially when carrying large load.especially when carrying large load.

Dress in layers and shed layers as physical activity Dress in layers and shed layers as physical activity increases.increases.



Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion:Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion:

Pale and clammy skinPale and clammy skin

WeaknessWeakness

NauseaNausea

HeadacheHeadache

Muscle crampsMuscle cramps



Treatment of Heat Exhaustion:Treatment of Heat Exhaustion:

Move to a cooler place and drink water.Move to a cooler place and drink water.

Fan to lower body temperature, but don’t over-chill.Fan to lower body temperature, but don’t over-chill.



Heat StrokeHeat Stroke

Should be treated as medical emergencyShould be treated as medical emergency——can be fatal.can be fatal.

Symptoms of Heat Stroke:Symptoms of Heat Stroke:

Dry, hot, and flushed skinDry, hot, and flushed skin——dark or purple in colordark or purple in color

Dilated pupilsDilated pupils

Slow, weak pulseSlow, weak pulse

Shallow breathingShallow breathing

High temperatureHigh temperature——may be in excess of 106may be in excess of 106° F.° F.



Treatment of Heat Stroke:Treatment of Heat Stroke:

Wrap in a sheet and soak with coolWrap in a sheet and soak with cool——not coldnot cold——water.water.

Fan, but don’t over-chill.Fan, but don’t over-chill.

Get to a hospital immediately.Get to a hospital immediately.


Basic First AidBasic First Aid

Common injuries that could occur while hunting are:Common injuries that could occur while hunting are:

BleedingBleeding

Broken bonesBroken bones

BurnsBurns

Carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide poisoningpoisoning

Chest woundsChest wounds

ShockShock

SnakebiteSnakebite


Basic First Aid Basic First Aid (cont.)(cont.)

Every hunter should take a first aid course to learn Every hunter should take a first aid course to learn what to do in case of injuries. what to do in case of injuries.

Bleeding:Bleeding: Rapid loss of just two pints of blood can result Rapid loss of just two pints of blood can result in shock and loss of consciousnessin shock and loss of consciousness——victim can bleed to victim can bleed to death in short time.death in short time.

Direct pressure and elevation usually sufficient to stop Direct pressure and elevation usually sufficient to stop bleeding. If profuse bleeding continues, try shutting off bleeding. If profuse bleeding continues, try shutting off circulation in artery supplying blood to injured limb.circulation in artery supplying blood to injured limb.



Broken Bones:Broken Bones: Assume someone has broken bone if pain Assume someone has broken bone if pain lasts more than a few minutes, moving injured area is lasts more than a few minutes, moving injured area is difficult, or swelling in injured area. difficult, or swelling in injured area.

If transporting victim long distance, immobilize joint If transporting victim long distance, immobilize joint above above andand below break to prevent further injury and below break to prevent further injury and relieve pain. relieve pain. Don’t try to straighten limbDon’t try to straighten limb——splint it the way splint it the way you found it. you found it.



Burns:Burns: First- and second-degree burns with closed First- and second-degree burns with closed blisters best treated with blisters best treated with coldcold water. water.

Second- and third-degree burns with open blisters should Second- and third-degree burns with open blisters should be wrapped with loose, dry dressing.be wrapped with loose, dry dressing.



Carbon Monoxide Poisoning:Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Improperly working camp Improperly working camp stoves and lanterns, as well as wood and charcoal fires, stoves and lanterns, as well as wood and charcoal fires, can produce lethal carbon monoxide. can produce lethal carbon monoxide.

Symptoms include headache, dizziness, weakness, and Symptoms include headache, dizziness, weakness, and difficulty breathing. Victim’s skin can turn red and he or difficulty breathing. Victim’s skin can turn red and he or she can lose consciousness.she can lose consciousness.

Get victims into fresh air immediately, and keep them Get victims into fresh air immediately, and keep them lying quietly. Prompt medical care is essential.lying quietly. Prompt medical care is essential.



Chest Wounds:Chest Wounds: Bullet striking the chest can cause Bullet striking the chest can cause sucking chest woundsucking chest wound——deep, open wound of chest wall deep, open wound of chest wall that allows air into chest cavity. that allows air into chest cavity.

All chest injuries are very serious and need immediate All chest injuries are very serious and need immediate medical attention. medical attention.

Shock:Shock: Symptoms include: pale, cold, clammy skin; rapid Symptoms include: pale, cold, clammy skin; rapid pulse; shallow breathing; and fear in victim. Get medical pulse; shallow breathing; and fear in victim. Get medical help as quickly as possible.help as quickly as possible.



Snakebite:Snakebite: Best response is to rush victim to hospital Best response is to rush victim to hospital emergency room. emergency room. Cutting and suctioning bite can do Cutting and suctioning bite can do more harm than good. more harm than good.

Fear and panic aggravate snakebite reactions. Calm Fear and panic aggravate snakebite reactions. Calm victim as much as possible. Keep victim in reclining victim as much as possible. Keep victim in reclining position to slow spread of venom. If bite is on a limb, position to slow spread of venom. If bite is on a limb, keep wound at or below level of heart.keep wound at or below level of heart.


Review QuestionsReview Questions

Name the four ways to prepare for a hunting trip.Name the four ways to prepare for a hunting trip.

Name an essential part of a hunting plan that you Name an essential part of a hunting plan that you would leave with family or friends.would leave with family or friends.

What is the most important clothing choice for What is the most important clothing choice for hunting?hunting?

What should you do if dressing for cold weather What should you do if dressing for cold weather conditions?conditions?


Review Questions Review Questions (cont.)(cont.)

What does a compass needle point to when laid on a What does a compass needle point to when laid on a map?map?

List the five primary requirements for survival.List the five primary requirements for survival.

What is the international emergency signal for What is the international emergency signal for distress?distress?

List four of the eight rules of survival that every List four of the eight rules of survival that every hunter should follow.hunter should follow.


Review Questions Review Questions (cont.)(cont.)

How can hypothermia be prevented?How can hypothermia be prevented?

How can heat exhaustion be prevented?How can heat exhaustion be prevented?

How do you control bleeding?How do you control bleeding?

What should you do if a companion breaks a leg and What should you do if a companion breaks a leg and there is no medical help readily available?there is no medical help readily available?

copyright © 2007 kalkomey enterprises, inc.. chapter eight preparation and survival skills

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