copyright © 2006 by maribeth h. price 9-1 chapter 9 presenting data
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 9
Presenting Data
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Outline
• Basic principles of map design
• Page layouts
• Adding map elements
• Finalizing and printing the map
• Reporting information from tables
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Map Design Process
• Determine the objectives of the map.
• Decide on the data layers to be included.
• Plan a layout.
• Choose colors and symbols.
• Create the map.
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Questions to consider
• Who will be using the map?
• Under what circumstances will the map be used?
• Is the map likely to be copied or faxed?
• What objectives should the map achieve?
• How sensitive is the map information?
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Choosing layers
Which layers are important? How can you ensure legibility?
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Planning the layout
Poor designBetter design
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Basic principles for balance
• Maximize size of map relative to titles, legends, etc.
• Balance elements on the page, avoiding blank or cluttered areas
• Align straight edges and use neatlines to enclose map elements
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Choosing symbols
• Natural earth tones usually look better than strident colors
• Use pastels for most of map; use bold colors sparingly for emphasis
• Take advantage of the psychological aspects of different colors and symbols
• Mimic phenomena, such as using blue to represent water
• Make ramps easy to understand• Apply emphasis with color, size, and thickness
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Symbol psychology
Where is the water?
Where is there less rain?Which towns have more people? What’s there?
Where’s the danger?
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Vibrating moire pattern obscures roads
Use see-through lines to indicate urban areas
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Choosing symbols
Which one looks more aesthetic?Which one is easier to understand?Which one shows the roads better?
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Improving a world map
More pastels
Natural colors
Use ramp to indicate increasing population
Emphasize the important information
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Pay attention to details!
Crowded
Unclear name
Abbreviations
Poor formattingMuch better!!!
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B&W maps• Special principles apply to maps that are
black/white or will be copied or faxed.– Best to design in B&W rather than assuming it will
copy all right– Use no more than 5 gray levels– Use different patterns instead of colors– B&W maps may not be able to show as much– Color balance rules still apply—use mostly light
patterns; emphasize small regions with dark ones
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Map optimized for color printing Map optimized for B&W printing
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Map layouts
• Create hard copy maps
• Place titles, legends, scales, north arrows
• Include tables and graphs
• Add images or logos
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Steps to Layouts
• Planning the map• Setting up the map page and
data frames• Adding a legend• Adding a scale bar• Adding titles and text• Adding objects• Adding neatlines and
backgrounds• Adding graphics• Printing the map
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The map pagePaper size?
Landscape or Portrait?
Data framesSize and position?
Map scale?
Margins
Grid for aligning features
Layout view
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The Page Setup menu
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The Layout toolbar
Zoom tools
Pan
Zoom Centered
Fit page
Actual Size
Previous/Next Extent
Enlarge
Change Layout
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Composing framesClick and drag active frame to
move/change size
Or set size and location explicitly
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Scaling the map
Automatic scaling Fixed scale Fixed extent
Resize frame
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Adding a legend
The Legend Wizard
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The Legend WizardChoose layers to include
Set title and font
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Legend Wizard
Add frame border and shading
Set patch size and type
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Legend Wizard
Set spacing between elements(usually leave defaults)
Finished!
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Changing the legend
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The Items tab
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Frame tab
Choose border
Border selector
Edit border
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Size and position tab
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Adding a scale bar
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Scale control
DivisionSubdivision
Division unit
Scale bar size is determined by division settings and the map scale
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Adjust division value
Adjust width
Adjust number of divisions
Zoom out
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Adding north arrow
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Text and titles
Earthquake Dea…
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Pictures
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Neatlines
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Graphics
Draw menuText
Font
Font style
Colors for fill, lines, markers
ShapesPointer
The Drawing toolbar
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Printing maps
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Export as picture file
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Using a template
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Assigning frames
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Creating graphs and reports
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Creating a graph
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Setting up a simple graph
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Creating a report
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Choosing the Fields
43
2
6
5
7 8 9
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The Display tab
11
12
13
1417 16
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Show Settings
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Generating Report
11 13
14
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Using the report