copyright 2003, elsevier science (usa). all rights reserved. chapter 34 dental hand instruments...

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Chapter 34Dental Hand Instruments

Chapter 34Dental Hand Instruments

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA)

All rights reserved. No part of this product may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including input into or storage in any information system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

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Produced in the United States of America

ISBN 0-7216-9770-4


IntroductionIntroduction

A wide variety of dental instruments are used in dentistry today.A wide variety of dental instruments are used in dentistry today.


Referred to by:• Name• Assigned number

Black’s instrument formula• Describes the angulation.• Describes the dimensions.

Referred to by:• Name• Assigned number

Black’s instrument formula• Describes the angulation.• Describes the dimensions.

Identifying Hand InstrumentsIdentifying Hand Instruments


Handle• Portion of the instrument where the

operator grasps. Shank

• Part of the instrument that attaches the working end to the handle.

Working end• Portion of the instrument with a specific

function.

Handle• Portion of the instrument where the

operator grasps. Shank

• Part of the instrument that attaches the working end to the handle.

Working end• Portion of the instrument with a specific

function.

Hand Instrument DesignHand Instrument Design


Four categories• Examination• Hand-cutting• Restorative• Accessory

Four categories• Examination• Hand-cutting• Restorative• Accessory

Classification of InstrumentsClassification of Instruments


Allow the operator to thoroughly examine the health status of the oral cavity.

Mouth mirror• Indirect vision• Light reflection• Retraction• Tissue protection

Allow the operator to thoroughly examine the health status of the oral cavity.

Mouth mirror• Indirect vision• Light reflection• Retraction• Tissue protection

Examination InstrumentsExamination Instruments


Explorer• Distinguish areas of calculus.• Distinguish decay.• Distinguish areas of discrepancies on

teeth. Cotton Pliers

• Carry, retrieve and place small objects.

• Locking• Non-locking

Explorer• Distinguish areas of calculus.• Distinguish decay.• Distinguish areas of discrepancies on

teeth. Cotton Pliers

• Carry, retrieve and place small objects.

• Locking• Non-locking

Examination Instruments cont’dExamination Instruments cont’d


Periodontal probe• Measure the sulcus or pocket depth of

the periodontium. Articulating paper and holder

• Carbon paper held in place by a holder used to check a patient’s “bite.”

Periodontal probe• Measure the sulcus or pocket depth of

the periodontium. Articulating paper and holder

• Carbon paper held in place by a holder used to check a patient’s “bite.”

Examination Instruments cont’dExamination Instruments cont’d


Allow the operator to manually remove decay, as well as smooth, finish, and prepare tooth structure to be restored back to its normal function.

Excavator is used for the removal of soft dentin, debris, and decay from the tooth.• Spoon excavator• Black spoon

Allow the operator to manually remove decay, as well as smooth, finish, and prepare tooth structure to be restored back to its normal function.

Excavator is used for the removal of soft dentin, debris, and decay from the tooth.• Spoon excavator• Black spoon

Handcutting InstrumentsHandcutting Instruments


Hoe• Used to plane the walls and floors of the

tooth preparation. Chisel

• Used to cut the enamel margin of the tooth preparation, form sharp lines, point angles, and place retention grooves.

• Straight chisel• Bin-angle chisel• Wedelstaedt chisel• Angle former

Hoe• Used to plane the walls and floors of the

tooth preparation. Chisel

• Used to cut the enamel margin of the tooth preparation, form sharp lines, point angles, and place retention grooves.

• Straight chisel• Bin-angle chisel• Wedelstaedt chisel• Angle former

Handcutting Instruments cont’dHandcutting Instruments cont’d


Hatchet• Used for cutting enamel, and to smooth

the walls and floors of the tooth preparation.

Gingival margin trimmer• Used to cut enamel and place bevels

along the gingival enamel margins of the preparation.

Hatchet• Used for cutting enamel, and to smooth

the walls and floors of the tooth preparation.

Gingival margin trimmer• Used to cut enamel and place bevels

along the gingival enamel margins of the preparation.

Handcutting Instruments cont’dHandcutting Instruments cont’d


Allow the operator to place, condense, and carve a dental material to the original anatomy of the tooth structure.

Amalgam carrier• A double-ended instrument designed

with wells on either end to pack the freshly mixed amalgam in and carry it to the prepared tooth.

Allow the operator to place, condense, and carve a dental material to the original anatomy of the tooth structure.

Amalgam carrier• A double-ended instrument designed

with wells on either end to pack the freshly mixed amalgam in and carry it to the prepared tooth.

Restorative InstrumentsRestorative Instruments


Condenser• Used to condense the freshly placed

amalgam into the preparation.• Smooth• Serrated

Burnisher • Used to smooth the surface of the freshly

placed amalgam restoration.• Egg-shaped• Football• T-shaped• Beaver tail

Condenser• Used to condense the freshly placed

amalgam into the preparation.• Smooth• Serrated

Burnisher • Used to smooth the surface of the freshly

placed amalgam restoration.• Egg-shaped• Football• T-shaped• Beaver tail

Restorative Instruments cont’dRestorative Instruments cont’d


Carvers• Used to remove excess material, contour

surfaces, and carve anatomy back into the amalgam or intermediate restoration before it hardens.

• Discoid/Cleoid• Hollenback

Amalgam knife• Used for the removal of excess restorative

material along the margin where the material and tooth structure meet; most commonly interproximal.

Carvers• Used to remove excess material, contour

surfaces, and carve anatomy back into the amalgam or intermediate restoration before it hardens.

• Discoid/Cleoid• Hollenback

Amalgam knife• Used for the removal of excess restorative

material along the margin where the material and tooth structure meet; most commonly interproximal.



Composite placement instrument• Designed specifically for the placement

of composite restorative materials.• Anodized aluminum• Teflon

Plastic instrument • Instrument with a paddle shape that is

used for carrying dental materials to the prepared tooth structure; on the other end is a nib, which resembles a condenser.

Composite placement instrument• Designed specifically for the placement

of composite restorative materials.• Anodized aluminum• Teflon

Plastic instrument • Instrument with a paddle shape that is

used for carrying dental materials to the prepared tooth structure; on the other end is a nib, which resembles a condenser.



Miscellaneous instruments that may be needed for many uses to complete a procedure.

Spatulas• Used for most every procedure when a

dental material is involved.• Cement spatulas• Impression material spatulas

Miscellaneous instruments that may be needed for many uses to complete a procedure.

Spatulas• Used for most every procedure when a

dental material is involved.• Cement spatulas• Impression material spatulas

Accessory InstrumentsAccessory Instruments


Scissors• Used for cutting dental dam material,

retraction cord, and stainless steel crowns.

• Crown and bridge scissors Dappen Dish

• Hold certain liquid dental materials during a procedure.

Scissors• Used for cutting dental dam material,

retraction cord, and stainless steel crowns.

• Crown and bridge scissors Dappen Dish

• Hold certain liquid dental materials during a procedure.

Accessory Instruments cont’dAccessory Instruments cont’d


Amalgam well• Where the newly mixed amalgam is

placed and retrieved from. Howe Pliers

• Also referred to as 110 pliers. Useful for holding items, for carrying cotton products to and from the oral cavity, removing the matrix band, and placing and removing the wedge.

Amalgam well• Where the newly mixed amalgam is

placed and retrieved from. Howe Pliers

• Also referred to as 110 pliers. Useful for holding items, for carrying cotton products to and from the oral cavity, removing the matrix band, and placing and removing the wedge.

Accessory Instruments cont’dAccessory Instruments cont’d


Hand instruments and related accessories for a given procedure are prepared, stored, and transported together.

Exam Amalgam Composite Crown and Bridge Endodontic Surgical

Hand instruments and related accessories for a given procedure are prepared, stored, and transported together.

Exam Amalgam Composite Crown and Bridge Endodontic Surgical

Preset CassettesPreset Cassettes


Criteria Instruments set-up from left to right

• Basic set-up• Additional examination instruments• Handcutting instruments• Restorative instruments• Accessory items

Criteria Instruments set-up from left to right

• Basic set-up• Additional examination instruments• Handcutting instruments• Restorative instruments• Accessory items

Instrument Sequence on a TrayInstrument Sequence on a Tray


Organization• Instruments with bands of same color.• Tray of the same color.• Tub with dental materials of the same

color.

Organization• Instruments with bands of same color.• Tray of the same color.• Tub with dental materials of the same

color.

Color Coding of InstrumentsColor Coding of Instruments

copyright 2003, elsevier science (usa). all rights reserved. chapter 34 dental hand instruments...

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