copper from deep in the ground. sl m2
DESCRIPTION
Copper from deep in the ground. SL M2. Five stages:. Open Pit mining Pit crusher 0.6% Cu Froth floatation 30% Cu Smelting 90.4% Cu Electrolytic refining 99.98% Cu. chalcopyrite. malachite. azurite. CuFeS 2 = chalcopyrite. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Copper from deep in the ground. SL M2.
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Five stages:• Open Pit mining
• Pit crusher 0.6% Cu
• Froth floatation 30% Cu
• Smelting 90.4% Cu
• Electrolytic refining 99.98% Cu
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chalcopyrite
azurite
malachite
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CuFeS2 = chalcopyrite.
% Cu in pure chalcopyrite?
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% by mass = mass of element in 1 mole of compound x 100
Mr of compound
CuFeS2
Mr = 64+56+32+32 = 184
% by mass = 64 x 100 = 35%
184
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Open Pit mining.Bingham Canyon
Low grade copper
Quantities huge
Shavings tested
Dynamite used
Waste to tips
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Open Pit mining.
•Noisy
•Dusty
•Leaves Open Pits
•Waste tips.
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Pit crusher
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Pit crusher
0.6% Cu
2.5cm pieces
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Froth Floatation
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Froth Floatation
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Froth Floatation
Collector (oil) molecules attach themselves to the chalcopyrite grains.
The grains are now water-repellent.
Air bubbles attract the grains.
Froth produced and is pumped away to smelter.
•Detergent
•Oil
•Water
•Tailings
0.6%
30%concentrating
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Smelting• First stage involves
– Silica– Oxygen– Concentrate
• Cu2S made
•Most important stage involves Cu2S / air / furnace
•Cu2S(l) + O2(g) 2Cu(l) + SO2(g)
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Cu2S + O2 2Cu + SO2
0 -2
-2 +4
+1 0
O
S
Cu
Oxidised or reduced?
reduced
oxidised
reduced
What mass of copper could be obtained by reducing 1kg of copper (I) sulphide?
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Cu2S + O2 2Cu + SO2
What mass of copper could be obtained by reducing 1kg of copper (I) sulphide?
160 128
Moles in
1kg
1 mol 2 mol
Mass in question
Mass in
Underline
160 160
0.800kg
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Smelting
Sulphur dioxide made.
30% 99.4%
Acid rain
Lakes
Trees
H2SO4
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Electrolytic Refining99.4% 99.98%
The copper anodes are already 99.4% copper!
The copper cathodes will be 99.98% copper!
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e-e-Cu
e- e-
Anode + - Cathode
Cu2+
Cu2+Cu
Cu
Cu2+
CuCu2+
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e-e-Cu
e- e-
Anode + - Cathode
Cu2+Cu
Cu
Cu2+
CuCu2+
•Describe what is happening at the anode.
•Write an equation.
•Is this oxidation or reduction?
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e-e-Cu
e- e-
Anode + - Cathode
Cu2+
Cu2+Cu
Cu
Cu2+
CuCu2+
•Describe what is happening at the cathode.
•Write an equation.
•Is this oxidation or reduction?
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e-e-Cu
e- e-
Anode + - Cathode
Cu2+Cu
Cu
Cu2+
CuCu2+
•Write an equation.
Cu(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2e-
•Is this oxidation or reduction?
Oxidation
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e-e-Cu
e- e-
Anode + - Cathode
Cu2+
Cu2+Cu
Cu
Cu2+
CuCu2+
•Write an equation.Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s)
•Is this oxidation or reduction?
Reduction
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Five stages:• Open Pit mining
• Pit crusher
• Froth floatation
• Smelting
• Electrolytic refining