cooperare per la salute - mezzina - parte 2
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WHO's Mental Health Programme:
Continuing Challenges Department of Mental Health and
Substance Abuse
World Health Organization
Geneva
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Cardiovascular diseases
Diabetes Malignant neoplasms
Digestive diseases
Neuropsychiatric disorders
Other NCDs
Injuries
Other CD causes
Maternal conditions
Malaria Childhood diseases
Tuberculosis
Diarrhoeal diseases
Perinatal conditions
HIV/AIDS
Respiratory infections
Respiratory diseases
Nutritional deficiencies
Sense organ disorders
Diseases of the genitourinary system Musculoskeletal diseases
Congenital abnormalities
Disease Burden (DALYs)
Source: WHR 2002
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Leading Causes of Mortality and Burden of Disease world, 2004
%
1. Ischaemic heart disease 12.2
2. Cerebrovascular disease 9.7
3. Lower respiratory infections 7.1
4. COPD 5.1
5. Diarrhoeal diseases 3.7
6. HIV/AIDS 3.5
7. Tuberculosis 2.5
8. Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers 2.3
9. Road traffic accidents 2.2
10. Prematurity, low birth weight 2.0
%
1. Lower respiratory infections 6.2
2. Diarrhoeal diseases 4.8
3. Depression 4.3
4. Ischaemic heart disease 4.1
5. HIV/AIDS 3.8
6. Cerebrovascular disease 3.1
7. Prematurity, low birth weight 2.9
8. Birth asphyxia, birth trauma 2.7
9. Road traffic accidents 2.7
10. Neonatal infections and other 2.7
Mortality DALYs
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Leading causes of disease burden for women aged 15–44 years, high-income countries, and low-
and middle-income countries, 2004
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World 1 HIV/AIDS 2 Depression 3 Ischaemic heart dis.
High-income countries 1 Depression 2 Ischaemic heart disease 3 Alzheimer
Middle-income countries 1 HIV/AIDS 2 Depression 3 Cerebrovascular
Low-income countries 1 HIV/AIDS 2 Perinatal 3 Depression
2030 rankings: The leading causes of DALYs lost
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Scarcity Human Resources
(N=157 to 183 countries)
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Burden versus Budget
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(WHO World Mental Health Consortium, JAMA, June 2nd 2004)
Gap in treatment: Serious cases receiving no treatment during the last 12 months
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Developed countries Developing countries
Lower range Upper range Lower range Upper range
35%
50%
76%
85%
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THE BURDEN OF MENTAL DISORDERS: Treatment gap for Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders
Treatment
Gap
69%
Treatment
Gap
98%
COVERAGE COVERAGE
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INEFFICIENT USE OF RESOURCES: High concentration of resources in mental hospitals
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Provide treatment in primary care
Make psychotropic drugs available
Give care in the community
Educate the public
Involve communities, families and consumers
Establish national policies, programmes and legislation
Develop human resources
Link with other sectors
Monitor community mental health
Support more research
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Impact of WHR-2001
Awareness +++
Understanding ++
Action +
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Additional yearly investment on the package that will be needed per capita population to get from current to target coverage levels
(2006-2015)
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mental health Gap Action Programme Scaling up care for mental, neurological and substance use disorders
mhGAP
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Mental Health Services (WHO, 2003)
FREQUENCY OF NEED
COST
LOW HIGH
HIGH LOW
SELF CARE
INFORMAL COMMUNITY CARE
Mental Health Services through PHC
Community Mental Health
Services
Psychiatric Services in
General Hospitals
Specialist Services
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mhGAP: Scaling Up Care
Objectives
– To achieve significantly higher coverage with
key interventions for priority MNS conditions in
resource-poor countries
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WHO QualityRights Improving quality and human rights in
facilities and promoting a civil society movement
Assessment of facilities
Development of a change plan
Capacity building on human rights issues
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How can WHO Collaborative Centres help?
Advocacy
Demonstrating that community based models work
Developing guidelines and manuals
Publishing scientific evidence on effectiveness and cost
Training professionals from other countries