conversational implicatures2
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7/29/2019 Conversational Implicatures2
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7/29/2019 Conversational Implicatures2
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Generally speaking, conversational implicatures should not be confused with conventional
ones. The latter refer to those which are not derived from the maxims of conversation but
simply attached by convention to particular expressions. Examples of such implicatures
are those attached to words such as ' but ' , 'yet' , 'and'. The meanings conveyed by such
words do not depend on a special context. Their meanings remain the same regardless of
any pragmatic principles. Besides, contrary to conversational implicatures, the meanings
they convey cannot be cancelled. Similarly , a distinction should be drawn between
GENERALIZED and PARTICULARIZED IMPLICATURES.The former refer to those whose
additional conveyed meaning does not require the calculation of any special knowledge in
the context. Their meanings remain constant in all contexts. Contrarily, the latter require
knowledge of the situation and possibly background world knowledge in order to be
inferred. There are other classifications of implicatures, e.g. hedged , scalar , clausal, in
addition to standard implicatures.