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CONVERGENCE OF EXTENSION EFFORTS BELOW OF THE DISTRICT/BLOCKS WITH FOCUS ON PPPs

V. V. SADAMATE

AGRIL. CONVERGENCE EXPERT, PIU, WORLD BANK PROJECT

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POLICY FOCUS

XII th Plan ….Calls for • Faster • More Inclusive and • Sustainable growthEnhanced investments in agril and allied sectorsGrowth Target• 4% in XIIth Plan against achievement of 3.3%

of XIth Plan

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CHALLENGES IN AGRIL & AND ALLIED SECTORS….in the Context of Conv.

• Small and Marginal account for 83%• Average land holding reduced to 1.3 ha• 60% Area would continue to be rainfed• Land, water, soil health and biodiversity

resources shrinking • 65-70% of animal wealth including small

ruminants is with the small holders and land less labourers

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CHALLENGES in the Context of Conv….contd

• Regional imbalances and low productivity in potential sectors

• Extension services are either weak or missing in allied sectors and not able to effectively reach small and marginal farmers.

• Serious concerns on Marketing linkages• Strengths of Convergence and PPPs are yet to be fully realized

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PERFORMANCE OVER PLANS

(i) Declining GDP,(ii)dependence level same,(iii)Calls for more inclusive growth

PLAN SHARE OF AGRIL .GDP IN ECONOMY

AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH

TOTAL ECONOMY

IX th FYP 23.4% 2.5% 5.7Xth FYP 19.0% 2.4% 7.6XI th FYP 14.2% 3.3% 7.9

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STRATEGIC PROGRAMMES IN XII PLAN

• Missions : NFSM,NHM,NMOSOP,NMAE&T,NMSA• RKVY• NDP/National Live Stock Mission• Consortia Research Platforms • Frontline Extension/ Field Extension• MNREGA/IWMP/Neeranchal/NRLM• BRGF• Green India Mission

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SUBSTANTIAL INCREASE IN INVESTMETNS

SECTOR XI TH PLAN(2007-8 Prices )-Rs in CRS

XII TH PLANRS IN CRS

DAC 41,337 71,500DARE 12,588 25,553DAHD&F 8,174 14,179RKVY 25,000 63,246STATES 1,11,824 2,50,721

TOTAL 1,98,923 4,25,199

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MAJOR STRATEGIES IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

• Technology generation and its dissemination• Efficient use of land and water resources• Enhancing productivity ..crops, fish and L stock

resources ….judicious/timely use of inputs• Farmer Empowerment & Inclusive Growth • HRD of farmers and functionaries

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MAJOR STRATEGIES ….Contd

• Enhanced Investments and stakeholder partnerships

• Key infrastructure in supportive areas/ Marketing

• Inter and Intra Sectorial Convergence of efforts and PPPs across the sectors

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CONVERGENCE , ESPECIALLY BELOW OF THE DISTRICTS AND BLOCKS

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WHY CONVERGE ?

• Programmatic silos have successful but sporadic effects

• Sharing the expertise and knowledge• To obtain wider impacts of joint efforts • Up-scale results obtained in pilots

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WHY CONVERGE….. Contd.

• Single development agency may have limitations of resources and strategies

• Multi-stakeholder involvement would……… Supplement and complement the efforts and Obtain Community partnership and involvement

• GOs strong on backward links, private players are strong on forward linkages &NGOs strong on social mobilization

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EXTENSION AGENCIES IN A GIVEN MICRO AGRO-ECO SITUATION

• Public Agencies• Inputs Support Services/Agencies • Entrepreneurs• NGOs • FOs• Co-operatives• PRIs • Local leaders and Opinion makers • Print and Electronic Media

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CONVERGENCE Stages –(i)SOCIAL MOBILIZATION

• NGOs • FOs • PRIs • Opinion leaders/local leaders

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CONVERGENCE Stages – (ii)PROGRAMMATIC

• KVK Programmes• ATMA Programmes• NGO Programmes • FO Programmes • Entrepreneur Programmes

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CONVERGENCE Stages –(iii) ACTION ON THE GROUND

• Field functionaries working for the farmers, farm women and farm youths

• Links promoted by the agriculture and the line departments

• Functionaries.. the Pvt. Agencies /NGOs/FOS• Paras …Kisan Sahayaks, Kisan Mitras, Adarsh

Raitus, Gopal Mitras, Prani Bandhus

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CONVERGENCE PROCESS GOES THROUGH …..

• Instructions/Guidelines • Incentives • Internalize the spirit of convergence • Adopt and • Up-scale

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FUNCTIONARIES TO FOCUS ON CONVERGENCE….

• VEWs /Agril Assistants / AOs• SMSs of ATMAs• SMSs of KVKs• Irrigation Inspectors• Field functionaries of line departments • Watershed teams • Technical teams under various Missions• Para workers Like Kisan Sahayaks,Gopal Mitras

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PROGRAMMATIC POSSIBILITIES OF CONVERGENCE

• Agricultue,• Horticultue, • Dairy /Animal Husbandry• Fisheries• Water and other essential inputs

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WHO TO LEAD

• GO Leads and NGOs support or vice a versa• Agency having comparative advantages• Agencies having grassroots level presence • Agencies having influence over other systems

and the targeted local population,• Best Extension actor in a given situation

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ACTIVITIES FACILITATING CONVERGENCE

• Selection of beneficiaries• Participatory programme planning,

management and implementation• Sharing the responsibilities(training …Orissa)• Joint M&E/Joint field visits• Sharing the infrastructure and facilities • Sharing the benefits

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FORMAL VS INFORMAL CONVERGENCE

• Formal …Moves th. MOU/ instructions• Informal …shared values and understanding • Formal …takes time to internalize in the

processes • Informal …happens at the community level

and at the cluster level ….depends on local initiatives /leadership

• Informal is Sustainable.

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PPPs IN EXTENSION MANAGEMENT,… AS THE EFFECTIVE INSTRUMENT OF CONVERGENCE

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PPPs …. 10 DRIVERS

• Who initiates • Who partners• Who contributes • And What share • What are the mutual benefits

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PPP DRIVERS …..Contd.

• What are the intended benefits • How the intended benefits are shared • What are the built in confidence levels • What are the ways to mutual diversification• What are the arrangements for sustainability

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PARTNERSHIP MODES

• Public- Public• Public- Private (has greater influence/impact

value in development sectors ) • Private - Private

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XIIth PLAN – INDICATIVE PPP AREAS

• Encourage Empowered Groups across the sectors SHGs/JLGs/FPOs/FPCs

• Use of PACs /JLGs of Farmers and livestock owners for credit delivery

• Promote FPO collectives for farm planning and production

• Giving priority to the FPOs/ NGOs in pilot tests and investments

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XII TH PLAN PPP AREAs …contd

• ATMAs to promote private extension service providers

• Promote Community Resource Persons (CPRs) in Extension

• Technology commercialization window tried under NAIP

• KVKs and SAUs… Farm Science Clubs, Technology Weeks

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XIIth PLAN PPP AREAS Contd…

• NLM- Para Vets to supplement livestock extension.

• Fish coops/Fish groups/ FFDAs &Fish entrepreneurs on PPP Mode

• Quality planting material th..Private& accredited nursaries (NHM)

• Corporates Must encourage Extension as CSR Outlets…Approved

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XIIth PLAN PPP AREAs Contd…..

• Compact blocks through NGOs(NFSM/BGREI) • NGOs in Soil Testing/IPM awareness

programmes• NMSA… Capture Experiences of NGOs and

CSOs • Missions proposed for XIIth Plan may have

PPP window• Entrepreneurs as investors in a given area

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STRONG FOs/ POs …have shown the ways for effective PPPs

• Empowered Farmer Groups/Producer Cos(MP)• Maharashtra Experiments- Very Successful• South- East, Latin America • Denmark’s county level FIACs• Michigan’s Cherry Producer Organizations

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PRIVATE PPP MODELS IN ALLIED SECTORS

• BAIF / JKS /Nimkar Foundation …Animal Husbandry

• Venkateswara / Eastern India Hatcheries• MSSRF in research programmes• Growers Associations in NHM/NHB• Breeders’ Associations in Livestock

Conservation

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RKM….NGO Tremendous Success

• Unique Institute of Repute• Total dedication for social upliftment• Total Confidence of Government Agencies• Wanted partner in many programmes• Agril Extn th Voluntary Orgns….50 Excellent

Performance• Running State Level Training Institute(SAMETI)

for West Bengal

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WONDERS BY AC- AB HAND HOLDING INSTITUTE

• Private initiative , Public(MANAGE) support• AC-AB implementation partner• Highly motivated, intensive follow up with

Banks • Assists in Policy making • Single institute , promoted over 500 ACABs in major State of Uttar Pradesh

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FAMOUS DHANUKA/ PARADEEP experiments

• In Madhya Pradesh / Orissa • Public- Private joint efforts • Mutual sharing of goods and services • Focussed Extension Efforts • Win- Win for both

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ENTREPRENEURS as promising PP partners

• Risk taking capacity • Investment Capacity• Wants a proper space in Agril.Development• Incubation support(Cornell Model)

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MOVING A MOUNTAIN

• Public investments alone cannot move the mountain

• Private investments are necessary• Government to promote policies to enable,

facilitate and encourage PPPs• Trust and confidence building measures are

also required for win- win to both.

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SCREENING THE CREDENTIALS

• Large numbers of private players cropping up• Good and Bad Experiences• Screening of Track record and credentials are

essential for partnership• One bad partner can spoil the PPP game

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GLOBAL STRATEGIES - FAO

• Greater Inclusiveness• Sustainable production in rainfeds and poorly

utilized eco-systems• Empowerment of small and marginal

producers• Improved food and nutritional security and • Improved implementation with focus on

Convergence and PPPs

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CONV. & PPP …ONE LEADS TO OTHER

• Good Convergence should promote PPPs • And good PPPs should lead to increased

convergence• Improved perception of extension efforts by

the farmers

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FINALLY, TASK ON HAND

• Agricultural Convergence Expert• 8 States Rajasthan, Gujarat,, Maharashtra,

Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.

• 2 Districts in each covering all the blocks • Across the sectors, actors and programmes • Fortunately u are there in all the districts • And , just cannot think of Convergence and PPP

without ur presence and influence

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THANKS EXTENSION DIVISION THANKS ICAR