Convergence

A Universal Term with Specific Applications

What is Convergence?

• One of the most overused terms in the communications business.

• Everybody wants it, but nobody is very clear about what it is.

• Telco, CATV, Satellite, Wireless, Cellphone all talk about convergence, which one is right? Could they all be right?

• At this point convergence is a ubiquitous term that could easily apply to any of them.

Most basic definition

• Voice, video and data services, also known as the “triple play” all combined into one delivered mechanism or technology.

• Also known as the promise of broadband, but is not exclusive to broadband.

• We need to identify in some detail what services can and will be provided over what technology.

Technology Convergence• The first tenant of Convergence is the delivery mechanism.• Today there clearly are convergence plays being made in many

technologies– FTTH fiber to the home– Twisted pair delivery– Coax delivery– Wireless delivery– Misc. other technologies, powerline, PTP Wireless Fiber

• Which technology is best will depend on the geographic region, population density, and services to be covered.

• More is always better…more data bandwidth means more opportunities.

More is not just better

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E-Mail

Digital MusicNapster

VoIP

DigitalPhotos

PodcastingOnline-Games

VideoMail

VideoBlogs

All Video on DemandUnicast per Subscriber

WebBrowsing

Video onDemand

High DefinitionVideo on Demand

Fiber Optic Transport

• Fiber rich environments are the most costly per user and per service.

• Most future proof, but future proof is not revenue generating.

• Currently plays a role in all the technologies, but mostly as a “backbone technology”

• Is the most reliable infrastructure, and the highest capacity. Ideally suited to network segmentation.

• Fiber’s role is changing from one that transports services in their native format to one that transports data.

Fiber Can Do It All

CBRTelephone

WebSurfing

6/8 MHz Analog

Television GamingCBR VoiceServices

ResidentialCommercial

6/8 MHz Digital

TelevisionCBR VideoOn Demand

T1/E1 DataServices

VideoConferencing

Twisted Pair Delivery

• Most common delivery method in the world• Densest deployed technology• At the simplest is voice and dial up data• At the best is VDSL2 with max speed of

100 MB/s, but is fixed in provisioning between video, voice and data.

• Still the lowest data rate per line• Heavily distance dependant

Twisted Pair Options

100 Mbps up/down2005Very-high-data-rate DSL 2

G.993.2VDSL2

55 Mbps down, 15 Mbps up

2004Very-high-data-rate DSL

G.993.1VDSL

5.6 Mbps up/down2001G.SHDSLG.991.2SHDSL

8 Mbps down1 Mbps up

2003Reach ExtendedG.992.3ADSL2-RE

24 Mbps down, 1 Mbps up

2003ADSL2plusG.992.5ADSL2plus

8 Mb/s down, 1 Mbps up

2002G.dmt.bisG.992.3ADSL2

7 Mbps down, 800 kbps up

1999G.dmtG.992.1ADSL

MaximumSpeed capabilities

RatifiedNameITU Family

Coax Delivery• More correctly Hybrid Fiber Coax network• Delivers the most flexible solution• Highly configurable• Switched digital offers the highest data rates and number

of services.• There is currently 5.1Gb/s available in an 870MHz system. • Segmentation is widely configurable.• Can be limited by the deployment of “backbone”• Not future proof, but future migratable easily convertible

as the fiber future comes further.

Data Rate per 6 MHz

• Symmetric services• Peer-to-peer• Business-to-business

(20 T1 capacity)

• Mandatory S-CDMA/ TDMA

• Best of DOCSIS

DOCSIS 2.0(30 Mbps u/s)

• High speed data• Internet access

• Spec’d for retail• Standard spec

DOCSIS 1.0 (5 Mbps u/s)

• Tiered service• Double u/s capacity• Lower op’s costs• Better than competitor

• QoS• Pre-EQ• Operations• Security

DOCSIS 1.1(10 Mbps u/s)

Benefits/Services

Key FeaturesDOCSIS

Wireless Delivery

• Welcome to the future• It can serve the two extreems well

– Low data rate over massive numbers of subscribers– High data rate over one or very few subscribers

• Fixed wireless in high end applications• Mobile Wireless, 3G, Wi-Fi, even Wi-Max• Drawbacks

– High data rates over many subscribers requires large bandwidth which can cost billions in licensing, if available at all $$$$

– Latency-problem to be overcome

Infrastructure Battle

• Bandwidth vs Density– More frequency available results in more “per user data”– Low density, ideally 1:1 results in more “per user data”– Look for future technologies to allow wider bandwidth

over existing infrastructure• 1GHz or 3GHz over HFC• DWDM over FTTH and Deep Fiber

– Improved compression could result in better data rates, don’t look for Moore's law to help with this one.

– Fiber solves all the problems, except for expense.– This battle is an ongoing evolution in the industry.

Best positioned technology• To get to the consumer is HFC.• It can be scaled, eventually scaled to exclude coax. FTTH.• The scale and density is driven by “data rate demand”.• DATA, DATA, DATA • Safest infrastructure investment today is a cable modem

and CMTS.– Can serve a system of thousands today, down to tens in

the future.– Cable modem will always be able to provide data rates

that are sufficient for voice, video, and internet.– CMTS will eventually become cheaper as density

decreases and volumes increase.

Halfway there !

• Look at technology – as you can tell the best technology is dependant on what is there already.

• If you have twisted pair to the customers, but plan a fiber deployment, not going to be successful

• Almost any converged technology in use that is useful today when thinking about convergence requires a physical connection.– Wireless is a great dream, but requires just too much

bandwidth at a cost that is exceptional.• OK so we have a network…

Convergence really comes down to SERVICES !

• Ever heard of the “quest for the killer app”?– Order a pizza anyone?

• Video, analog today, digital tomorrow• Telephone, analog today, digital tomorrow• Music, Games, Government• P2P, Podcasting, E-gambling• Blogging, Created Content, VR

It is the services that are really converging

• Even though some technologies are best at data (HFC), broadcast TV (Wireless/Satellite) and Telephone (twisted pair). It is unlikely that technologies will ever fully converge.

• More likely one will become sufficiently good at providing the other services to take a lead.

• So far HFC has the lead…because it has such a flexible footprint and deployment position.

• The services are converging around the concept of flexible data.

Converged Services• The clear lines between Voice - Video - Data are becoming

blurred or even disappearing.• Video phone – ever use Skype?

– By changing the expectations of services in the eyes of the consumer, the service creators are pre disposing the consumer tocertain technologies.

– Can’t deliver the video call over an analog phone line or over a oneway broadcast technology.

• Interactive TV – American Idol – Weather Channel – even online shopping.

• SMS Chatrooms - Interesting twist that came early here. Interactive SMS and TV programming. Otherwise chatting requires a computer. Innovative to chat with only a cell phone and a TV.

Digital Migration to Data

HFC Bandwidth Allocation

Upstream

Digital On-Demand

VoIP & HSD

VHSD

Digital Broadcast

Analog Broadcast

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Just the beginning

• Interactive Shopping – TV - Cell phone Could be a killer app here.

• IVR Television – talk to your TV or cable box. How and where driven by state of deployment. Think of a call center that instead of just talking you some instruction set, can show you the instruction set over some dedicated video link.

• Gaming - PC – TV – Video Games another form of Interactive TV

Look at existing services that are driving the future into today

• Video On Demand• Online Gaming• Video Calling• Automated Consumer Shopping (groceries)• Interactive Television• P2P Applications• Applications are the driving force behind

convergence.

Video on Demand

• Probably all going to be video on demand.• Streaming video and stored video.• Is it a local technology (PVR) or a central

technology (VOD Server). • Or is it a combination of the two like P2P

Online Gaming

• The Xbox and Playstation are not any longer just for playing game on TV.

• Last models converged voice and video into the gaming experience.

• Today's models are full entertainment consoles with the ability to download movies, act as cable set top boxes, surf the internet and even record TV shows.

Video Calling

• Video conferencing used to be just for corporate boardrooms, now it is for every living room.

• What is interesting is that this still needs a killer app. 20 + years after the first video conference, consumers still do not know if they want this technology in their living room or not.

Automated Consumer Shopping

• Great example of an application driving the technology.

• Refrigerators have TV’s and computers in them know so that they can automatically order groceries.

• First grocery services were very limited and for the most part not successful, until this technology made it easier, and more useful.

• Not the only one though, automated top off, e-billing, online banking are all forms of ACS.

Interactive Television

• American Idol – vote on the outcome of the TV show.

• Buy products featured in a TV show, “if you want a t-shirt like Sylvester Stalone was wearing send $24.99 to….

• TV shopping services• Online education services

Applications are converging

• Forcing technology to advance to allow it• Wait for an item of tremendous appeal.

– Killer App– E-mail was not enough to sell interactive TV

• The application may be socially developed not just software compiled