controlling your camera shutter

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Controlling Your Controlling Your Camera Camera s Shutter s Shutter Speed Speed Digital Photography Digital Photography

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Page 1: Controlling your camera shutter

Controlling Your Controlling Your CameraCamera’’s Shutter Speeds Shutter SpeedDigital PhotographyDigital Photography

Page 2: Controlling your camera shutter

3 factors control how 3 factors control how your camera takes a your camera takes a photograph: photograph:

Shutter SpeedShutter Speed

ApertureAperture

Focal-Length of LensFocal-Length of Lens

Page 3: Controlling your camera shutter

A slow shutter speed keeps the shutter A slow shutter speed keeps the shutter open longer and shows motion blur.open longer and shows motion blur.

Page 4: Controlling your camera shutter

A fast shutter speed captures the motion without A fast shutter speed captures the motion without blurring because the shutter is open only briefly.blurring because the shutter is open only briefly.

Page 5: Controlling your camera shutter

A large aperture opening produces A large aperture opening produces photographs with a shallow depth of field. photographs with a shallow depth of field. Less of the photo is in focus.Less of the photo is in focus.

Page 6: Controlling your camera shutter

A smaller aperture produces a greater A smaller aperture produces a greater depth of field making more of the scene depth of field making more of the scene in focus.in focus.

Page 7: Controlling your camera shutter

A short focal length lens captures more of A short focal length lens captures more of the scene. It does not allow you to zoom the scene. It does not allow you to zoom in on your subject.in on your subject.

Page 8: Controlling your camera shutter

A long focal length lens allows you to get A long focal length lens allows you to get in closer to your subject.in closer to your subject.

Page 9: Controlling your camera shutter

Your viewfinder or LCD monitor shows Your viewfinder or LCD monitor shows both the shutter speed and the aperture both the shutter speed and the aperture used.used.

Page 10: Controlling your camera shutter

Your viewfinder or LCD monitor shows Your viewfinder or LCD monitor shows both the shutter speed and the aperture both the shutter speed and the aperture used.used.

Page 11: Controlling your camera shutter

Here the viewfinder shows that the Here the viewfinder shows that the shutter speed is 1/250shutter speed is 1/250thth of a second and of a second and the aperture is f16.the aperture is f16.

Page 12: Controlling your camera shutter

Two controls adjust the amount of Two controls adjust the amount of lightlight that reaches the sensor: that reaches the sensor:1. the shutter1. the shutter

Page 13: Controlling your camera shutter

Two controls adjust the amount of Two controls adjust the amount of lightlight that reaches the sensor: that reaches the sensor:1. the shutter1. the shutter2. and the aperture2. and the aperture

Page 14: Controlling your camera shutter

The combination of The combination of the shutter speed and the shutter speed and the aperture is called the aperture is called the EXPOSURE.the EXPOSURE.

Page 15: Controlling your camera shutter

ShutterShutter

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Adjusting the length of Adjusting the length of time the time the shuttershutter remains open controls remains open controls the amount of light that the amount of light that reaches the light-reaches the light-sensitive surface.sensitive surface.

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There are two main There are two main types of shutters: Leaf types of shutters: Leaf shutters...shutters...

Page 18: Controlling your camera shutter
Page 19: Controlling your camera shutter

Leaf shutters are usually located within the lens itself.

Page 20: Controlling your camera shutter

The “leaves” open and close to let in light.

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...and Focal-plane ...and Focal-plane shutters.shutters.

Page 22: Controlling your camera shutter
Page 23: Controlling your camera shutter

Focal-plane shutters are built into the camera body. The curtains

move across the sensor exposing it to light in equal amounts.

Page 24: Controlling your camera shutter

Image in viewfinderImage in viewfinder

Page 25: Controlling your camera shutter

Image in viewfinderImage in viewfinder

Page 26: Controlling your camera shutter

Image in viewfinderImage in viewfinder

Page 27: Controlling your camera shutter

Image in viewfinderImage in viewfinder

Page 28: Controlling your camera shutter

Image in viewfinderImage in viewfinder

Page 29: Controlling your camera shutter

Image in viewfinderImage in viewfinder

Page 30: Controlling your camera shutter

The amount of time the The amount of time the shutter is open is shutter is open is measured in measured in stopstops.s.

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Doubling the amount of Doubling the amount of time the shutter is open time the shutter is open gives gives one stopone stop more more exposure or exposure or twicetwice the the amount of light.amount of light.

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Halving the amount of Halving the amount of time the shutter is open time the shutter is open gives gives one stopone stop less less exposure orexposure orhalfhalf the amount of the amount of light.light.

Page 33: Controlling your camera shutter

Older, analog (non-Older, analog (non-digital) cameras usually digital) cameras usually can only adjust shutter can only adjust shutter speeds in increments of speeds in increments of full stops.full stops.

Page 34: Controlling your camera shutter

This chart shows actual times the shutter is open and the designations shown on the camera.

Office 2004 Test Drive User
Page 35: Controlling your camera shutter

Here you can see that the stops are double or half the stop above or below them.

Office 2004 Test Drive User
Page 36: Controlling your camera shutter

These are the actual numbers that the analog camera displays for each of these full stops.

Office 2004 Test Drive User
Page 37: Controlling your camera shutter

With analog With analog cameras, shutter cameras, shutter speeds are adjusted speeds are adjusted manually with the manually with the speed dial on top of speed dial on top of the camera.the camera.

Page 38: Controlling your camera shutter

Newer analog Newer analog cameras and cameras and most digital most digital

cameras can cameras can make many make many

more shutter more shutter speed speed

adjustments adjustments than the older than the older

cameras.cameras.

Page 39: Controlling your camera shutter

DonDon’’t t confuse 2 confuse 2 meaning meaning 1/2 second 1/2 second with -2 with -2 meaning 2 meaning 2 seconds!seconds!

Page 40: Controlling your camera shutter

On a digital On a digital camera, you camera, you can see your can see your shutter shutter speed in the speed in the viewfinder.viewfinder.

Page 41: Controlling your camera shutter

On a digital On a digital camera, you camera, you can see your can see your shutter shutter speed in the speed in the viewfinder...viewfinder...

Page 42: Controlling your camera shutter

You can also see You can also see your shutter your shutter speed in the data speed in the data panel readout.panel readout.

Page 43: Controlling your camera shutter

The faster the shutter speed,The faster the shutter speed,the sharper a moving subject will be.the sharper a moving subject will be.

Page 44: Controlling your camera shutter

1/30 second1/30 second 1/500 second1/500 second

Page 45: Controlling your camera shutter

The direction of a moving object affectsThe direction of a moving object affectsthe amount of blur.the amount of blur.

Page 46: Controlling your camera shutter

When an object is moving directly toward or away from When an object is moving directly toward or away from the camera, no sideways movement is recorded so a the camera, no sideways movement is recorded so a

minimum of blur is produced, even at a relatively slow minimum of blur is produced, even at a relatively slow shutter speed.shutter speed.

Page 47: Controlling your camera shutter

1/30 second1/30 second

Page 48: Controlling your camera shutter

Panning keeps a moving subject sharpPanning keeps a moving subject sharpwhile blurring the backgroundwhile blurring the background

Page 49: Controlling your camera shutter

During panning, the camera is movedDuring panning, the camera is movedin the same direction as the subject.in the same direction as the subject.

Page 50: Controlling your camera shutter

The result is a sharp subjectThe result is a sharp subjectand a blurred background.and a blurred background.

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1/30 second1/30 secondcamera pannedcamera panned

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Page 53: Controlling your camera shutter
Page 54: Controlling your camera shutter

When planning to pan,decide where you want the subject to be at the moment of exposure, start moving the camera a few moments before the object reaches that point, and continue that motion after the exposure (follow through) as you would

with a golf or tennis stroke.

Page 55: Controlling your camera shutter

Generally, the amount of motion blur will double if you increase the shutter speed by one stop (toward a longer

time).Say change shutter speed from 1/60 to 1/30 of a second.

Page 56: Controlling your camera shutter

Here are some general shutter speed guidelines for taking photos with action parallel to the image plane.

Page 57: Controlling your camera shutter

Notice that the closer you are to the subject, the faster your shutter speed must be.

Page 58: Controlling your camera shutter

Motion slows at the peak of an action that Motion slows at the peak of an action that reverses.reverses.

Page 59: Controlling your camera shutter

Here the boy jumps from an overturned garbage can for a slam dunk. Here the boy jumps from an overturned garbage can for a slam dunk. Because the photo was taken at the peak of the action where it slows Because the photo was taken at the peak of the action where it slows

down, the shutter speed does not have to be as fast.down, the shutter speed does not have to be as fast.

Page 60: Controlling your camera shutter

Clifford Oto, Clifford Oto, Slam DunkSlam Dunk, 1990, 1990

Page 61: Controlling your camera shutter

Here the camera moves against a Here the camera moves against a stationary subject.stationary subject.

Page 62: Controlling your camera shutter

Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Untitled, c. 1941Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Untitled, c. 1941

Page 63: Controlling your camera shutter

• Camera and subject are both in motion.Camera and subject are both in motion.

Page 64: Controlling your camera shutter

Simon Bruty, Simon Bruty, World Swimming Championships, SpainWorld Swimming Championships, Spain, 2003, 2003

Page 65: Controlling your camera shutter

Camera is held still while part of the Camera is held still while part of the subject moves.subject moves.

Page 66: Controlling your camera shutter

Oliver Follmi, Oliver Follmi, Pilgrimage to Bodghaya, India,Pilgrimage to Bodghaya, India, 20022002