controlled traffic farming and cropping productivity ctf – providing a future of productivity dr...
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Controlled traffic farming and cropping productivity
CTF – providing a future of productivity
Dr Don Yule
1www.ctfsolutions.com.au
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CTF is a farming system that includes at least
1.Controlled traffic = permanent wheel tracks and matched implement widths2.Minimum tillage, preferable none3.Designed paddock layouts
Scene Setting
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Drivers of cropping
1.Cropping is mechanised2.Crops grow in soils3.Soils are in landscapes
Scene Setting
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Key Performance Indicators•Efficiency•Effectiveness•Continuous improvement•Access to new technologies•Measure to manage
AND•Rain use efficiency
CTF Responses
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CTF Response
1. Cropping is mechanised
Hard tracks for wheels, no compaction for crops
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CTF Response
1. Cropping is mechanised
Do wheels impact on crop yield?
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Yield
(t/Ha)
P 0.07
Av LSD (5%) 1.16
0 tyre beside row 3.6 a
1 tyre beside row 3.0 ab
2 tyre beside row 2.4 b
Single row Sorghum yields
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FARMER’S CTF RESPONSE
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Removes the low values, reduces variability
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2. Crops grow in soilsCTF ResponseImprove physical soil healthIncrease water use efficiency
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2. Crops grow in soils
CTF Response
Improve chemical soil health• Enormous knowledge base• pH management critical
• Manures may be under-estimated Re-visit for our new really healthy soils
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2. Crops grow in soils
CTF ResponseUse more manures
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Manure added 3 years ago
No manure added
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2. Crops grow in soils CTF ResponseImprove biological soil health
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Biological soil health
Responses to these realities
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2. Crops grow in soilsImprove overall soil healthIncrease crop frequency, farm like natureIncrease Rain Use Efficiency
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CTF21t
8tTRAD
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• Farm planning for infrastructure, land use capability, trees and wildlife
• Paddock layout – CT direction, efficient operations, remove waterlogging and reduce erosion, topography information critical.
3. Soils are in landscapesCTF Responses
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3. Soils are in landscapesCTF Layout using 1m pixel imagery and GPS topo
2004. Waterlogging, loss $56,000 2006. After drainage, cost $3,000.
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CTF Response to severe erosion event
1997
TRADITIONAL 100t/ha
CTF 10t/ha
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3. Soils are in landscapes
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3. Soils are in landscapes
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CTF Response to wind erosion
No tillStubble retention
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3. Soils are in landscapes CTF Response to waterlogging
Raised beds
Pre-beds4.4 kg/ha/mm
Post-beds11.6 kg/ha/mm
CTF produced 2.6 times more for the same rainfall19
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Controlled traffic farming and cropping productivity
CTF has produced massive increases in grain productivity, and also in cane,
cotton and vegetables.
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4. CTF and Spatial Technologiesthe perfect match
•GNSS (GPS)• “Know where you are farming”• 2cm accuracy and repeatability• Automation, e.g. Auto-steer• Labour benefits• CORS networks• Spatial footprint
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Base station
Radio
Rover/tractor
GNSS antennae
A
B
GNSS Guidance
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CORS Network - GPSnet
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CTF and GNSS define the on-farm spatial footprint
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•Remote Sensing• 1m pixel – satellites or planes• Multi-spectral – includes NIR• $0.50/ha• Measures crop and machinery
performance•Ground based sensing
• Topography• Yield monitoring
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4. CTF and Spatial Technologies
the perfect match
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•Measure to Manage• Tools produce digital, automated, high
resolution data• Relevant – measure paddock and farmer
performance• GIS ready, spatially accurate• Forensic analysis – how much impact and
what area, relate to other data to identify and manage causes of poor and good growth
4. CTF and Spatial Technologiesthe perfect match
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•Continuous Improvement• Use tools to drive On-farm R&D for every
grower’s farm and farming system. Easy to implement and measure. Highly relevant, applicable and adoptable.
4. CTF and Spatial Technologiesthe perfect match
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Does CTF Provide a Future of PRODUCTIVITY?
CTF and System BenefitsBowman (2008) studied 16 farmers and
change on 4,250 ha, Darling Downs•Soil erosion less by 195,000 tonnes/year (-90%)•Diesel use from 338,000 to 130,000 L/yr (-60%)•Nitrogen leaving farms from 119 to 9 t (-90%)•Carbon dioxide loss from 1,199 to 373 t (-70%)•Labour from 4,590 to 1,744 hours (-60%)•Annual income $1,652,500 to $2,386,230 (+44%)•Gross Margin $547,279 to $918,366 (+68%)
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CTF – Providing a Future of PRODUCTIVITY
CTF and CORS NETWORK Benefits
The Allen Consulting Group (2008) calculated benefits due to precision GNSS (from CORS Networks) and CTF and inter-row sowing practices were $152 – 208 million in 2008, and estimated to be $1005 – 1357 million per year in 2030. CRC for Spatial Information
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Controlled traffic farming and cropping productivity
The conclusion of the 2005 National CTF Conference was “JUST DO IT” and I hope I have explained why.
But ABS (2009) reported 88% of cropping farmers were doing no CTF. Why are so few “doing it”?
30www.ctfsolutions.com.au