control over a hybrid mac wireless network (3)
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Wireless Cloud Com put ing and
Cogni t ive Wire less Cloud
Wire less Cloud Com put ing and
Cogni t ive Wire less Cloud
Hiroshi Harada, Ph.D.
NICT and Chair of IEEE SCC41 (IEEE1900)
E-mail: [email protected]
Copyright 2010 National Institute of Information and Communications Technology. All Rights Reserved
The 3rd EU-Japan Symposium on the "Future Internet
Oct. 20, 2010
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BackgroundBackground
New systems need broaderbandwidth than conventional one
There is not sufficient frequencyband to assign future broadband
wireless communication systems
Several radio communicationsystems may need to co-exist in acommon frequency band
To support busty traffic, road-
balance technologies betweenseveral access schemes must beneeded.
Reduction of contamination byinterference between radio
communication systems is needed
Current frequency allocation
System A System B System C
Frequency
(not allocated)
Freq.
How to assign frequency band for newstandardized w ireless communicationsystems
New standardized System
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Cogni t ive r ad ioCogni t ive r ad io
Currentfrequencyallocationmethod
SystemA SystemB SystemC
Frequency
(notallocated)
Freq.
Freq.
SystemA SystemB SystemC
Freq.
SystemA SystemB SystemC
Cognitive radio is a radio or system that senses, and is aware of, its operational environment and candynamically and autonomously adjust its radio operating parameters accordingly by collaborating wireless andwired networks
(b) Spectrum sharing type cognitive radio
By sensing vacant frequency band and time slot, userssecure adequate bandwidth by bundling vacant freq. bands.
(a) Heterogeneous type cognitive radio
By sensing frequency bands that systems have beenallocated on and time slots, users secure adequate
bandwidth by selectingexisting systems.
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(b ) Spec t rum shari ng t ype cogn i t i ve rad io(a) Heter ogeneous type c ogni t ive rad io
Cogni t ive Wire less CloudsCogni t ive Wire less Clouds
PrimaryOperator 1 Primary
operator 2
Network based oncognitive base station
Wireless/Wired link(A kind of adhoc network)
OperatorIndependentnetwork manager
OperatorDependentNetwork manager
OperatorDependentnetwork manager
Heterogeneous typecognitive base station(CBS)
Cognitive terminal (CT)
SecondaryOperator 2
Sensing andconnection
Spectrum sharing(White space) typecognitive base station(CBS)
SecondaryOperator 1
OperatorIndependentCo-existing manager
OperatorIndependentspectrum manager
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Def ini t ion o f c ogn it i ve w i re less c louds (2007)Def ini t ion o f c ogn it i ve w i re less c louds (2007)
The CWC, in which mobile terminals with multiple differentair interfaces autonomously utilize the most appropriateinfrastructure wireless networks, by sensing availablewireless networks, finding the most appropriate
configuration set, and reconfiguring themselvesseamlessly to the selected set.
For optimization of radio resource management of such ascalable network having multiple operator networks andterminals, distributed optimization and management
methods should be applied to keep using the mostappropriate wireless configurations adaptively.The following technologies are key technologies
Cognitive spectrum access
Cross-network signalingOptimizationFast reconfiguration
H. Harada, H. Murakami, K. Ishizu, S. Filin, Y. Saito, H. N. Tran, G. Miyamoto, M. Hasegawa, Y. Murata, S. Kato,A Software Defined Cognitive Radio System: Cognitive Wireless Cloud, IEEE Globecom 2007, Nov. 2007.
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Def ini t ion o f c ogn it i ve w i re less c louds (Lat es t )Def ini t ion o f c ogn it i ve w i re less c louds (Lat es t )
The CWC, in which radio equipments with multipledifferent air interfaces autonomously utilize the mostappropriate infrastructure wireless networks/spectrums
and configure their own reconfigurable wirelessnetwork, bysensing context information from available wirelessnetworks/spectrums,
storing the context information in the crowed network as database,
analyzing available context information,
dynamically making spectrum access decisions on the mostappropriate configuration set(s) / spectrum (s) that can fulfill usersand/or network operators policy such as
Maximization of throughput or capacity,
Minimization of radiation of interference,
Highly-maintained co-existence between wireless networks managed by CWC,
reconfiguring themselves seamlessly to the selected set(s)
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Key i tem s t o rea l ize c ogn it i ve w i re less c loudsKey i tem s t o rea l ize c ogn it i ve w i re less c louds
Use cases
Heterogeneous type
Spectrum sharing type
Common system architectureStandardization
IEEE1900.4 and IEEE1900.4a
IEEE802.19.1
Research and development
Heterogeneous type
Spectrum sharing type
Feasibility studies by wireless test bed
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Use cases suppor t ed by c ogn it i ve w i re less c loudUse cases suppor t ed by c ogn it i ve w i re less c loud
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Operator Independentspectrum/reconfiguration/ co-existing managers
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Heterogeneous t ype c ogn it i ve rad io syst emUse case for base s ta t ion
Heterogeneous t ype c ogn it i ve rad io syst emUse case for base s ta t ion
BS1AP1
BS2
Operator1Operator 2
AP2
Sensing
NRM NRM
SpectrumSensing
Cognitive basestation(CBS)
SpectrumSensing
Basic operationSense existing communication radio access technologies(RATs) such as 3G, WiMAX
Share the sensing information between NRM andcognitive base station reconfiguration manager (CBRM)
Decide RAT(s) and connect with them
Use well-known wireless access system such as WLAN tocommunicate between CBS and terminal
Include routing function between the selected RATS andwireless access system between CBS and terminal
Realize infrastructure less wireless LAN access point thatcan connect internet without wired network
FeatureHas a routing function between RATs and wireless LAN
Has functions to sense existing RATs and automaticallyselect RATs by collaborating with NRM
Provide a portable base station that can easily connectwith the Internet without any wired connection
Reduce spectrum interference between CBSs and
maximize throughput and capasity by collaborating withNRM because NRM knows RATs that each CBS selected
NRM may request CBS to change RATs that used byeach CBS for some reasons, e.g. reduction of spectruminterference or improvement of throughput and capacityfrom network point of view
Users have only to equip wireless LAN connection . Newusers who has portable games with WLAN can easilyaccess to the Internet though CBSs
Terminal
CBRM
TRM
Operator independent NRM
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A c om m on syst em a rch i t ec t ureA c om m on syst em a rch i t ec t ure
TRM connects with terminal measurementcontroller (TMC) and terminal reconfigurationcontroller (TRC)
TMC: the entity that collects terminal-relatedcontext information and provides it to TRM
TRC :the entity that enables reconfiguration ofterminal on the basis of TRMs decision
NRM connects with RAN measurementcontroller (RMC) and RAN reconfigurationcontroller (RRC)
RMC: the entity that collects RAN-relatedcontext information and provides it to NRM, andmay be implemented in a distributed manner.
RRC: the entity that enables reconfiguration ofRANs on the basis of NRMs decision and maybe implemented in a distributed manner
CBSRM connects with cognitive base stationreconfiguration manager(CBRM), andcognitive base station reconfigurationcontroller (CBRC)
CBSMC: shall sense operational environment ofprimary operator to look for the vacantfrequency band to be connected and may sensethe neighbor cognitive base station to check
whether the cognitive base station can connectwith other neighbor ones.CBSRC : shall reconfigure cognitive basestation itself to the communication schemesselected by CBRM
xRM: shall decide its operational spectrumand communication schemes by sharing thesensing information between other xRMx
CBSRM1
TRM
TMC TRC
NRM1 NRM2
Terminal
Network
Primaryoperators
Secondaryoperators
RMC
RRC
CBSMC CBSRC
CBSRM2 CBSRM3
sensing sensing
Decidefreq.band
H. Harada, Research and development on cognitiveradio/dynamic spectrum access technologies, 2008 IETSeminar on Cognitive Radio and Software Defined Radios:Technologies and Techniques, Sept. 2008.
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St andard izat ion re la t ed to Cogni t ive w i re less c loudsSt andard izat ion re la t ed to Cogni t ive w i re less c louds
CWC
1900.4
802.11af
1900.6
1900TVWS
ITU-WP5A,WP1B
802.19.1
Network systemarchitecture
PHY and MACCoexistence
Terminologyand definition
Network system architecture
1900.4
1900.4a, 1900.4.1
Coexistence betweencognitive radio networks
802.19.1
Interfaces related to CRN
1900.6
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an ar za on re a e o c ogn ve w re essnet w or k : IEEE1900.4 and1900.4a
an ar za on re a e o c ogn ve w re essnet w or k : IEEE1900.4 and1900.4a
CBS Network
RANN
TRC
TRM
TMC
RAN1RMC
RRC
OSM
NRM
Terminal
Packet based network
CBSRC
CBSRM
CBSMC
CBS
TRC
TRM
TMC
Terminal
Another
TRM
RAN radio access network
CBS Cognitive Base Station
OSM Operator Spectrum Manager
NRM Network Reconfiguration Manager
TRM Terminal Reconfiguration Manager
CBSRM CBS Reconfiguration Manager
RMC RAN Measurement Collector
TMC Terminal Measurement Collector
CBSMC CBS Measurement Collector
RRC RAN Reconfiguration Controller
TRC Terminal Reconfiguration Controller
CBSRC CBS Reconfiguration ControllerWSM White Space Manager
Another
CBSRM
AnotherNRM
WSM
(if needed)
1900.4 status and progressThe standard defines the building blockscomprising (i) network resource managers, (ii)device resource managers, and (iii) the informationto be exchanged between the building blocks, forenabling coordinated network-device distributeddecision making that will aid in the optimization ofradio resource usage, including spectrum access
control, in heterogeneous wireless accessnetworks.Standard document was issued Feb. 2009
1900.4a status and progressThis standard amends the IEEE 1900.4 standard toenable mobile wireless access service in whitespace frequency bands without any limitation on
used radio interface (physical and media accesscontrol layers, carrier frequency, etc) by definingadditional components of the IEEE 1900.4 systemDraft document for sponsor ballot is ready andmove to sponsor ballot
1900.4.1 status and progress
This standard uses the IEEE 1900.4 standard as a
baseline standard. It provides detailed descriptionof interfaces and service access points defined inthe IEEE 1900.4 standard enabling distributeddecision making in heterogeneous wirelessnetworks and obtaining context information for thisdecision makingDraft document is still editing
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an ar za on re a e o c ogn ve w re essnet w or k : IEEE1900.6
an ar za on re a e o c ogn ve w re essnet w or k : IEEE1900.6
Scope
This standard defines the informationexchange between spectrumsensors and their clients in radiocommunication systems.
The logical interface and supportingdata structures used for informationexchange are defined abstractlywithout constraining the sensingtechnology, client design, or data linkbetween sensor and client.
Status as of Sept. 25
Draft document version 3 is issued
Second sponsor ballot was done
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an ar za on re a e o c ogn ve w re ess
net w or k : IEEE 802.19.1
an ar za on re a e o c ogn ve w re ess
net w or k : IEEE 802.19.1
The IEEE 802.19.1 system architecture has three logical entities and six logicalinterfaces. An 802.19.1 logical entity is defined by its functional role(s) and itsinterfaces with other IEEE 802.19.1 logical entities and with external elements.
The three logical entities are: Coexistence Manager (CM) Coexistence Enabler (CE) Coexistence Discoveryand Information Server (CDIS)
The six logical interfaces are: Interface A Interface B1
Interface B2 Interface B3 Interface C Interface D
Source: IEEE80219.1, System Design Document
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R& D resu l t (Cogni t ive base s t a t ion) : Pro t o t ypeHet erogeneous type c ogni t ive radio system (1/2)
R& D resu l t (Cogni t ive base s t a t ion) : Pro t o t ypeHet erogeneous type c ogni t ive radio system (1/2)
Cognitive base station for mobilewireless router (Press released onMarch 3, 2009)
Accommodates several RAN connection
methods (WiFi, HSDPA, WiMAX, PHS, etc.)
Provides Internet connection to users behaving
as a WLAN access pointProvides sensing information to NRM
Chooses the best RAN in terms of users
preferences according to sensing information andnetwork policy from NRM
Includes IEEE 1900.4 architecture that has beencontributed by NICT
This is the world-first prototype that includeIEEE 1900.4 standardized technologyproposed by NICT
Cognitive Base station
CBMC
CBRC
CBRM
System1
WirelessLAN
Interface
System1 WirelessLAN
WAN part
LAN part
Control path
Data path
item Specification
Sensing part
Sensing frequency bandDependent on communication systems connected viaUSB port (e.g. PHS, WiMAX, 3GPP, 3GPP2)
Wide Area Network part
Supported communicationsystems
PHS, WiMAX, 3GPP, 3GPP2
Radio access network (RAN)selection framework
IEEE 1900.4 compliance
Local Area Network part
Communication frequency band 2400M2497MHz
Communication bandwidth 20 MHz
PHYOFDM (52 carrier, 48 data subcarriers, 4 pilotsubcariier)
PHY frame format 802.11a compliance
MAC protocol 802.11a based MAC
Output power Maximum 10 dBm
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R& D resu l t (Cogni t ive base s t a t ion) : Pro t o t ypeHet erogeneous type c ogni t ive radio system (2/2)
R& D resu l t (Cogni t ive base s t a t ion) : Pro t o t ypeHet erogeneous type c ogni t ive radio system (2/2)
Connectedvia WLAN
Internet Connectionsvia WLANs, commercialHSDPA and PHS network
Mobile Wireless Router
NRM
PCs and PDAssupporting WLAN access
Developedin this project
Communication devicesCF type, USB type
Internet
Provide information of RANs andaccess points to mobile routerconforming IEEE 1900.4 standard
NRM
As additional function, CBS can communicate withserver that includes network reconfigurationmanager (NRM). NRM can check RAN status andstatus of CBS. NRM can manage RAN that CBS usedand also select RAN that is adequate from theviewpoint of network side.
Prototype of heterogeneous-typecognitive base station (CBS)
Small and low-power consumption
Wireless access technologies to be
connected WiMAX(802.16e) and
WiFi(802.11a/b/n)
HSPA
Conforming IEEE 1900.4
Load balancing Cooperating withNRM
The technology will be availablein market soon (in Japan)
H. Harada, et. al., Research and development on
heterogeneous type and spectrum sharing type cognitive radiosystems, CrownCom 2009, Jun. 2009.
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R& D resu l t (Cogni t ive base s t a t ion) : Pro t o t ypeSpect rum shar ing type c ogni t ive radio sys tem
R& D resu l t (Cogni t ive base s t a t ion) : Pro t o t ypeSpect rum shar ing type c ogni t ive radio sys tem
Spectrum sharing type cognitive basestation (Press released on May 7, 2009)
Senses UHF TV band (400-770 MHz), 2GHz and5GHz band to find vacant frequency band
Decides operational frequency band by CBRM andmove to the frequency band
Reconfigures itself by using 802.11a PHY and MAC onthe decided frequency band and transmits beacon tothe mobile stations
Continue to sense spectrum to check whetherinterfered with other users periodically even ifreconfiguration is finished
Includes a modified IEEE 1900.4 architecture that has
been contributed by NICT, CBRM, CBMC, and CBRC
Chanelcontrol
TX/RXControlRF part
Frequencysensing
controller
Waveform
(PHYlayer)FPGA part
Frequencysensing
Waveform
(MAClayer)
CBMC
CBRC
CBRM
Cognitive Base station
CPU part
Item Specification
Sensing frequency band 470M-770MHz, 1884.5M-1919.6MHz,2210M-2170MHz, 2400M-2497MHz,2492.5M-2692.5MHz, 5160M-5330MHz
Communication frequencyband
2400M-2692.5MHz , 5160M-5330MHz
Communication bandwidth 20MHz
PHY OFDM (52 carrier, 48 data subcarriers, 4pilot subcarrier)
PHY frame format 802.11a compliance
MAC protocol 802.11a based MAC
Output power Maximum 10 dBmH. Harada, et. al., Research and development on
heterogeneous type and spectrum sharing type cognitive radio
systems, CrownCom 2009, Jun. 2009.
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Feasib i l i t y s t ud ies by w i re less t es t bedFeasib i l i t y s t ud ies by w i re less t es t bed
Equipped in
Universities, Museum,
Schools, Restaurants,
Hospitals, Sports
centers, Shopping
centers
Tokyo
Yokosuka city
User can access to the Internet
by the terminal or PC or smart
phone that has WLAN
500 units of cognitive base station(Router between WLAN and WANs)
Fujisawa city
Network reconfiguration
management (NRM)
server
Authentication serve
NRM database
Authentication
database
Web server
Mail server
Monitoring server
Network ReconfigurationManager in NICT Yokosuka
500 units of cognitive base station thathave routing function between WANs andWLAN are equipped in Fujisawa city . Userscan access the Internet with the terminal thathas a WLAN.
Spectrum sensing informationfrom CBSs are stored andprocessed to decide optimumWAN system that each CBSshould select and to improvefrequency utilization efficiency or
throughout performance .
Via WLAN
Spectrum sensing
results at each CBS
are reported to the
NRM server via WANs
(3GPPs, WiMAX, PHS,)
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Fut ure prospectSmar t (w i re less) gr id In te grated Wire less Clouds Net w ork
Fut ure prospectSmar t (w i re less) gr id In te grated Wire less Clouds Net w ork
All radio equipments such as radio base stations, terminals, and sensors are called wireless grids
The wireless grids collect all kinds of information related to spectrum, meter (electricity, gas, and water),surveillance information, climate, and atmosphere and send the information to the wireless clouds networkvia adequate gateways
Wireless Cloud/IP-network
Meter for lifeline(gas, electronic)
Earthquake recorder,Hyetometer, Riverflow instrument,
Atmosphereanalyzing monitor
Spectrum sensors
Probing carSurveillance
camera
Goverment
Companies
Experts
UsersCheck the result of reconfigurationby using wireless grids
LocalNetwork
Securityalarm
Indoor wirelessgrids
Outdoor wireless grids
LocalNetwork
Wireless cloud
phase
Using information processedby sensing information fromwireless grids in the wirelesscloud, reconfigure wireless
grids to control all kinds ofenergy
Send sensinginformation by wireless
grids to the wirelessclouds network viaadequate gateways
Smart wirelessgrid phase
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Conclus ionsConclus ions
More than three years have passed after defining cognitive wireless cloudsand the concept has become an enabling technology to launch nextgeneration wireless network
As use cases supported by cognitive wireless cloud, there are twocategories: heterogeneous-type and spectrum-sharing-type
For both categories, system architecture, functional architecture, and someinterfaces have already been defined and they are being standardized inIEEE 1900 (1900.4, 1900.4a, and 1900.6)
For spectrum sharing type, co-existing mechanism between spectrum-sharing-type systems are being standardized in IEEE 802.19.1
For both categories, prototypes are developing. Especially heterogeneous-type cognitive base station with routing function will be commercialized innear future
For heterogeneous-type cognitive base station, a large-scale cognitive
wireless clouds test bed has been launched by 500 units and managingservers and the test results will be referred to the operators who would liketo do the same kind of business
As a future accelerating research topic, optimizing algorithm based on thecontext information that sent from radio equipments and stored in theclouds network
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Cont ac t addressCont ac t address
Hiroshi Harada
Director, Ubiquitous Mobile Communications Group,
New Generation Wireless Communication Research Center,
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and
Chair, IEEE SCC41, Vice chair, IEEE 1900.4, and Board of Directors, SDRForum,
E-mail: [email protected]
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