Subject : Controlled Environment Agriculture

Guided By: Submitted By:Dr.B.A.Amin Roll.No:7 Pruthvi.P.Patel Sem : 3rd

Contents

• Introduction• Why CEA?• Parameter that should control in CEA• Green House• Hydroponic• Aeroponic• Vertical Farming• Building Integrated Agriculture

Introduction

What is Controlled Environment Agriculture?

It is any agricultural technology that enables the grower to manipulate a crop's environment to the desired conditions.

It is defined as a combination of engineering, plant science, and computer managed control technologies used to optimize plant growing systems, plant quality, and production efficiency.

Production under adverse condition of environment.

Increase productivity (Production/Unit area) & Getting maximum profit.

To grow premium quality produce using a minimum of space, water and fertilizer.

Objectives

Parameter that is controlled in CEA:

• Light

• Temperature

• CO2

• Relative Humidity 

Light

• White or reflective mulch films is use for reflect the sunlight back to the plants

• Light levels of up to 42,000 lux for duration of 12-18 hours have been found to be increase plant growth by Utilizing fluorescent lamps of suitable quality.

fluorescent lamps

Eclipse Series LED Lights 

Quantum  LED Light

Safari LED Light

LED Lights

TemperatureForced-air heaters- : Commonly used in commercial greenhouse ranges.

Infrared radiant heaters- : The major advantage of this type of heater is that it conserves energy and has no problems with pollutants.

Forced-air heaters Infrared radiant heaters

CO2

Higher level of CO2 in greenhouses could been managed by:

• Ventilation

• Decomposition of mulches

• Solid CO2

• Liquid CO2

Humidity

• Control of humidity is generally possible through ventilation, heating and misting.

• Various types of evaporative cooling systems are: 1) Fan and Pad system 2) Fan-tube ventilation system 3) Fogging and misting devices

Fogging and misting devices

Fan and Pad system

There are Mainly five systems of CEA:

• Green House• Hydroponic• Aeroponic• Vertical Farming• Building Integrated Agriculture

Green House:

A greenhouse is a structural building with different types of covering materials, such as a glass or plastic  roof and frequently glass or plastic walls.

HydroponicCultivation in

water

Hydroponic

Basic Hydroponic Systems:

• Active : In this system pumps and other devices are use for deliver nutrient solutions to plant roots. e.g.: Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) Flood and Drain System (Ebb and Flow)

• Passive: There is no any nutrient mover system. e.g. : capillary system

Nutrient Film Techniques

Active System

AeroponicCultivation in

Air

Aeroponic

Three type of Aeroponic system:

Low-Pressure Units: A low pressure pump delivers nutrient solution via jets that drips back into reservoir.

High-Pressure devices: In this system , the mist is generated by high-pressure pumps, are typically used in the cultivation of high value crops .

Commercial systems: This systems include disease prevention, pathogen Resistance features, precision timing and nutrient solution pressurization, Heating and cooling sensors, thermal control of solution etc.

Vertical farmingcultivation of plants or in skyscraper-like

structures,

Vertical Farming

Smart Greens :

Specification: Size: 0.8 x 0.74 x 1.78 m Grow Area:1.65 m2 Power Supply:240V AC

CT96 Grow Module:

Specification: Size: 6.0 x 2.4 x 2.9 m Grow Area: 44 m2 Power Supply: 240V AC Ground Area:14.5m2

Modules

CT160 Grow Module:

Specification: Size: 6.0 x 2.4 x 2.9 m Grow Area: 44 m2 Power Supply: 240V AC Ground Area:14.5m2 Power Usage: 53 kWh/day

CTS2 Service Module:

Specification: Size: 6.0 x 2.4 x 2.9 m Power Supply: 240V AC Ground Area:14.5m2 Power Usage: 10 kWh/day

Building Integrated Agriculture

cultivation of plants In built environment.

BIA

Typical characteristics of BIA installations include:

• Waste heat captured from a building's heating-ventilation-air condition system (HVAC): Purpose :To help maintain good indoor air quality through adequate ventilation with filtration and provide thermal comfort.

Solar photovoltaic :Is a method of generating electrical power by converting sunlight into direct current electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect.

Rainwater catchment systems: In one tank all the rain water comes through pipes from the roof of Building it is being stored in that tank and then used for irrigation to plants.

Conclusion

These all are Latest system that improve the productivity under controlled environment.

Result of analysis says that the crop productivity is 20% to 30% increases using these systems.