contributions of nick ambraseys to earthquake science: geology, tectonics and ... · 2020. 3....
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Contributions of
Nick Ambraseys
to earthquake
science: geology,
tectonics and
historical studies
with thanks to: Roger Bilham Charles Melville John Douglas Xeni Ambraseys
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Greek Navy 1954 Amorgos 1956
lists 46 previous tsunamis
from 1400 BC, but:
“.in none of the references is the
original source of information given...
and in many cases the dating of
events is incorrect ” (Ambraseys 1960)
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Field missions to major earthquakes in:
Iran: 1962, 1968, 1970 (twice), 1972, 1977 Greece: 1965, 1966, 1999
Yugoslavia: 1963 Nicaragua: 1972
Italy: 1976 Pakistan: 1974
Rumania: 1977 Yemen: 1982
Algeria: 1980 Turkey: 1966, 1967, 1970
Skopje 1963
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Mudurnu, Turkey 1967
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Gediz, Turkey 1970
1978
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Gediz, Turkey 1970
1978
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Dasht-e-Bayaz, Iran 1968 c 100m
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Dasht-e-Bayaz, Iran 1968 1 km Ambraseys & Tchalenko , BSSA, 1969
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(1957)
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... and many more following up historical earthquakes: 5 years in the field
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Bam, Iran 2003
Pattan, Pakistan 1974
Importance of
variability in local
construction and
design
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Ambraseys & Jackson, Disasters, 1982
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Rudbar 1990
Earthquakes are often on faults that
were unknown beforehand
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“...this is not a seismic zoning map and it
does not suggest that blank areas are
unaffected by earthquakes or from heavy
damage caused by smaller shocks.”
20th century
earthquakes
1900-1980 (red)
superimposed on
areas affected
AD700-1899 (grey)
Bam 2003
Rigan
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~100% seismic
10-50% seismic
<10% seismic
mostly aseismic
mostly seismic
Jackson & McKenzie, Geophysical Journal, 1988
From earthquakes:
1900-1985
20thC not
representative
for these
areas
Importance of aseismic creep
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The collapse of buildings in earthquakes are not acts of God.
All too often nowadays they are acts of criminal negligence.
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Ushural, Kazakhstan 2012 Leninakan, Armenia 1988
Corruption: ‘...the abuse of entrusted power for private gain in the siting, design,
construction and maintenance of engineered structures in seismic regions’
‘...in some countries earthquake regulations and building control are
instructions, in others suggestions, but in many they are simply decorations or
empty words.’
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Ambraseys & Bilham, Nature, 2011
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Books on historical seismicity of:
1982 Persia (with C. Melville)
1994 Arabia and Africa
(with C. Melville & R. Adams)
1995 Turkey (with C. Finkel)
1999 Iceland (with R. Sigbjörnsson)
2001 Central America
(with R. Adams)
2009 Mediterranean & Middle East
+
over 300 journal articles