contestant #1 who would you vote...
TRANSCRIPT
Contestant #1 I have had numerous
affairs, have self-interested policies and
suffer from ailing health.
Contestant #2
I have a drinking habit and a defiant tongue or attitude
Contestant #3I am a decorated war hero,
do not drink, and I want to create a stable economy
Who Would You Vote for?
Who Would You Vote For?
Contestant #2 Contestant #3Contestant #1
And the Winner is…
Totalitarianism
Treaty of Versailles Black Tuesday
New political parties that emphasize state control
Great D
epressionT
otal
Con
trol
of S
tate
by
a D
icta
tor
■ Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state(political, military, economy, social, cultural)
■ Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)
■ Strict controls and laws
■ Military state (secret police, army, military)
■ Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)
■ Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters)
■ One leader (dictator); charismatic
■ Total conformity of people to ideas and leader
■ Terror and Fear
Totalitarianism
Nazism
FascismCommunism*These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behavior
Totalitarianism
I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953.
What is Communism?
● LEFT WING● Based on theory by Karl Marx● Revolutionary idea of a political,
economic and social system that creates a “classless society”
● State ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership)
● Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism
Communism
I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943.
What is Fascism?
● RIGHT WING● Intense nationalism and elitism● Totalitarian control ● Interests of the state more
important than individual rights● Maintain class system and private
ownership
Fascism
I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. What is Nazism?
● RIGHT WING● Extremely fascist , nationalistic and
totalitarian ● Based on beliefs of the National Socialist
German Workers Party● Belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan,
the “master race”● Belief that all Germans should have
“lebensraum” or living space in Europe● Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed
Germany’s problems on them
Nazism
How did Hitler turn the Chancellorship into a dictatorship by 1934?
HITLERBECAMECHANCELLOR
THE REICHSTAGFIRE
THEENABLING
ACT
THE NIGHTOF THELONG
KNIVES
DEATH OFPRESIDENT
HINDENBURG
OATH OFLOYALTY
TOHITLER
Der Fuhrer
January 1933
Hitler beca
me Chancell
or
The Depression made many more people vote for the Nazis. In 1933 Von Papen convinced Hindenburg that Hitler should become Chancellor.
Hitler Becomes
Chancellor
The Reichstag Fire
February 1933 ❏ The Reichstag building (German Parliament) burnt down.
❏ A communist was found inside the building. He admitted responsibility.
❏ Chancellor Hitler was able to convince people that the Communists were trying to take power by terrorism.
❏ He was able to have the Communists banned from the Reichstag.
The Reichstag Fire
The Enabling Act
March 1933
THE ENABLING ACT -HITLER CANRULE ALONE
FOR FOUR YEARS. THEREIS NO NEED TOCONSULT THEREICHSTAG.
With the Communists banned from the Reichstag Hitler was able to pass:
THE ENABLING ACT GAVE HITLER THE POWER TO MAKE HIS OWN LAWS. SO, HE BANNED ALL OTHER POLITICAL PARTIES!
SPD KPD
Zentrum DDP
SPD- Social Democrats
KPD- Communists
DDP- German Democratic
Zentrum- German Centre Party (Catholic)
The Night of the Long Knives
June 1934Now that I have gotten rid of oppositional political groups, I can deal with opposition in my party. Ernst Rohm (an old friend), head of the S.A. is very unpopular with the German army leaders. They have the power to overthrow me. I’ve been worried about Rohm for a while, so this is a good excuse.
■ Hitler had to get rid of Rohm. He was too much of a threat.
■ On the night of 30th June 1934 Hitler’s S.S. killed over 1000 SA members including Rohm.
■ The army were pleased. ■ Hitler had gained the support of the army.
The Night of the Long Knives
The Death of President Hindenburg
August 1934
A FINAL NOTE
PRESIDENT HINDENBURG’S DEATH GAVE HITLER THE OPPORTUNITY TO COMBINE THE ROLE OF CHANCELLOR AND PRESIDENT. HE CALLED HIMSELF ‘DER FUHRER’.
Every soldier swore a personal oath of loyalty to ADOLF HITLER.
Oath of loyalty to Adolf Hitler
So, how did Hitler become a dictator
(semi-) legally?
HITLERBECAMECHANCELLOR
THE REICHSTAGFIRE
THEENABLING
ACT
THE NIGHTOF THELONG
KNIVES
DEATH OFPRESIDENT
HINDENBURG
OATH OFLOYALTY
TOHITLER
Der Fuhrer
GESTAPO: the Secret State Police SS (Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit formed out of the SA
SA (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political parties
Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east
Wehrmacht: German army
HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth
Einstazgruppen: Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing units
Volk: all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and programs)
Nazi Military State and Controls
Nationalist Propaganda
This Nazi propaganda poster reads, ‘Behind the enemy powers: the Jew.
“The Eternal Jew”Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand and a whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of the world, with the imprint of the hammer and sickle. Posters like this promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semitic feelings, and in some cases violence against the Jewish community.