contents *what is the scientific method? *why use the scientific method? *the problem *the...
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ContentsWhat is the Scientific Method?
Why Use the Scientific Method?
The Problem
The Hypothesis
Variables
Materials and Procedure
Scientific Tools
Organizing Data
Writing the Conclusion
What is the Scientific Method?
*An orderly approach to learning information and solving problems *Similar to problem solving in day to day life, but more consistent
*Consists of a problem, hypothesis, materials, procedures, data, and a conclusion
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The Problem
*The purpose of doing an experiment
*Stated as a question
Give me an example of a problem.
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The Hypothesis
*An educated guess
*Answers the question in the problem
*Written in “If, then, because” form
*Based on past observations or scientific knowledge
Show me how to write a hypothesis!
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Variables*Everything kept the same except for the one item being tested
*Independent variable/ Manipulated variable: the thing that is being changed in an experiment
*Dependent variable/Responding variable: what changes as a result of the independent variable
*Control: the item that is being tested with no changes, used to compare
Show me a bunch of examples!
Scientific Tools
To Measure Use Base Unit
Length Ruler Meter (m)
Area Ruler (l x w) Square meter (m2)
Volume (solid) Ruler (l x w x h)
Cubic meter (m3)
Volume (liquid)
Beaker Liter (L)
Mass Balance Kilogram (Kg)
Temperature Thermometer Celsius ( C)
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Organizing Data
*Qualitative Data: a description, uses senses
*Quantitative Data: measurements, uses scientific tools
*Put data into a chart or a graph
How do I make a
data chart?
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To table of contents
Writing the Conclusion*Restate the problem and your hypothesis
*Explain what happened to the test group when you applied the variable
*Answer the question in the problem
*State whether or not your hypothesis was correct
Show me how to write a
conclusion
The Problem: Examples
*What will happen if I put my hand in a bucket of ice water for four minutes?
*What happens to a houseplant if it is not watered for three weeks?
*What happens to a person’s heart rate if that person runs a mile?
Back to the problem
The Hypothesis: Examples
*IF I put my hand in a bucket of ice water for four minutes,THEN my hand will hurt, BECAUSE the cold will make my blood vessels get smaller, which will cause less blood to go to my hand, which will make my hand hurt.
*IF a houseplant is not watered for three weeks, THEN the plant will wither and droop BECAUSE the water will leave the plant through the leaves and make the plant droopy.
Back to the hypothesis
Variables: Examples
*VARIABLE: temperature of environment in which hand is located *VARIABLE: amount of water given to a plant *VARIABLE: amount of activity the person is doing
Back to variables
Materials: Example
Procedure: Example
Salt Triple beam balance One sheet of loose-leaf paper 500 ml beaker 300 ml water Egg
Back to materials and procedure
1. Fill beaker to 300 ml mark with water. Add salt ONE GRAM at a time.
2. After each addition of salt, put the egg in the beaker to see if it floats.
3. Remove the egg before adding more salt. 4. When the egg floats, record the number of grams
required for your egg to float. 5. If you have additional time, complete another trial
following the same steps.
Data: Example
Height and Width Data
Group Member Name
Height (m) Width (m)
Total
Average
Title
UnitsLabels
Back to data
The Conclusion: Example
The purpose of this lab was to find out what happens to a person’s heart rate as that person increases his or her activity level. My hypothesis was that if a person increases his or her activity level, then that person’s heart rate will increase because their cells need more oxygen to keep working. The variable was the amount of activity the person was doing. I found out that my hypothesis was right because when the members of my group went from resting to walking, and then walking to running, their heart rate went up each time. For example, I went from 77 beats/min resting to 86 beats/min walking, and then up to 103 beats/min running. My other group members had similar results. Therefore, I conclude that when a person increases his or her activity level, that person’s heart rate will also increase.
Back to the conclusion
The end