contents problem description objectives definitions experimental work results and discussion...

Contents

• Problem Description

• Objectives

• Definitions

• Experimental Work

• Results and Discussion

• Conclusion

• Recommendation

The Problem

• Huge amounts of waste paper are produced

from schools, universities, libraries, printing

centers, ...etc.

• Large amounts of waste LDPE produced from

local industries.

• The non biodegradability of LDPE.

Objectives

• Reduce the amounts of waste paper and LDPE

which pollute the environment.

• Improve the properties of both paper and Low

Density Polyethylene such as modulus of

elasticity, ductility and others.

• Enhance the biodegradability of LDPE.

Definitions

• Paper is a material composed of fibers that is

converted to pulp and then to compact web,

pressed and dried.

• Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) is a

thermoplastic made from oil. It is a highly

processable material which is unreactive at

room temperature and has low density.

Cont… (Definitions)

• Whey: is a byproduct from dairy industry such

as yoghurt and labaneh.

• Modulus of elasticity: is a measure of the

material resistance to elastic deformation.

• Ductility: is the ability of material to

withstand plastic deformation up to fracture.

Blending of paper and LDPE

Recycling of paper

Statistical study of waste

amount

Testing

Experimental work

AppearanceDensityTensile test

With paper as particles

As composite sheets

Usingsimple techniques

Adding modifying agents

Experimental Work

Different products

Cont… (Experimental Work)

• Tensile test:

This test was done by

using Gunt Hamberg 310

WP apparatus, which was

used to find modulus of

elasticity and ductility as

percentage of elongation.


Density:

Was measured for the produced recycled paper

by taking a small sample and measuring its

mass to volume, this was done for three trials.


Appearance:

Softness, shining, color and coherence were

observed for the papers produced.

Recycling ProcessCollection of Waste PaperCollection of Waste Paper

Paper PulpingPaper

Pulping

Cleaning and Screening

Cleaning and Screening

WaterWater

Final ProductFinal

Product

DryingDrying

PressingPressing

Dirt WaterDirt Water

Waste WaterWaste Water

Results & Discussion

From the statistical study:

• 30 tons of waste paper are produced yearly

at An-Najah National University.

• One ton of waste LDPE is produced from each

30 tons raw material in the local plastic

industries.

Cont… (Results & Discussion)

Recycled papers:

• The recovery of the produced recycled paper

was in the range of (77-80) wt%.

• Density of the produced paper was equal to

(277 Kg/m3).


• Improvement of paper’s modulus of elasticity


Paper and LDPE:

• Recycled paper has (436Mpa) modulus of

elasticity higher than (262Mpa) for LDPE; this

means that if these two materials mixed together,

the new product will have better characteristics, as

shown in the following figure.


• Blending of paper and LDPE:

Paper as particles

As filler to LDPE, paper can be used up to

10% as weight percent as shown in the

following figure:


• The relationship between ductility and the

paper percentage is shown in the following

figure.


Paper as sheets:

• Paper and LDPE can be used as composite

sheets of multiple layers which can be used in

many important applications.

• For this case, the improvement of modulus of

elasticity doesn’t depend on the percentage of

paper only, but also on the sheets arrangement.

Applications

• The produced recycled paper has many types

of applications such as cartons, toilet paper,

egg cartons and boxes for packaging.

Toilet PaperCarton

Cont… (Applications)

• Sheets of recycled paper/LDPE have a wide

range of uses such as:

Handling bags, packaging material, cartons or

boxes for transportation of goods and it could

be used as a construction material.

Related Studies

Paper/LDPE composite sheets Cardboard composite panels

Raw material Waste paper and recycled LDPE Recycled cardboard, LDPE,aluminum sheets

Product Recycled paper, composite sheets of the above two materials

Composite panels

Uses and applications

Paper: Cartons, toilet paper, egg cartons and for packaging as boxes.Sheets: Handling bags, as construction material and in isolation systems.

Furniture manufacture, flooring,roofing, dividing walls, and kitchen cabinets.

Comparison with other previous study:


Paper/LDPE composite sheets Cardboard composite panels

Findings Paper could be used as filler to LDPE, also they could be used as composite sheets.This will improve the physical properties and increase the biodegradability of LDPE.

composite cardboards overlaid with veneers could be considered as an alternative raw material with accepted properties to be used in furniture applications

Conclusion

• About 30 tons waste office paper is produced

from An-Najah National University yearly.

• A recovery with a range of (77-80) % can be

achieved from paper recycling.

• The density of the recycled paper produced

was about (277 Kg/m3).

Cont… (Conclusion)

• Modulus of elasticity has a 17.4%

improvement, and other properties of recycled

paper can be improved by the addition of some

modifying agents such as whey.

Cont… (Conclusion)

• Paper can be used as filler to LDPE up to 10%

as weight percent.

• Composite sheets of paper and LDPE can be

used in many important applications.

Recommendation

• Starch can be used in the process of paper

recycling to increase the absorbency of paper

surface.

• The squeeze of waste fruits and vegetables

may cause gelatinization of paper, and so give

less absorbency of its surface.

Cont… (Recommendation)

• Heating of paper pulp during the recycling

process facilitate the deinking and discoloring

of paper.

• Carbonizing of waste paper can be done for

many purposes such as a source of energy or

to blend it with recycled LDPE.


• Waste paper could Also be used as thermal

isolation material.

• Small particles of waste paper can be merged

with LDPE in the extruder, but drying should

be obtained before each process.


• Biodegradation of Waste paper produces

methane gas which could be used as fuel.

• Further experiments with different values of

temperature and pressing period of composite

sheets may give wider range of better results.

Huge amounts of waste paper

Huge amounts of

waste LDPE Non

Biodegrad-ability of

LDPE

Reduce amounts of

waste

Propereties improvment

Increase biodegrade-

bility of LDPE

Problem

Objectives

Solution

Recyclingof paper

Using modifyingagents

Blending ofPaper & LDPE

contents problem description objectives definitions experimental work results and discussion...

Documents

produced paper

cont results discussion

cont results discussion

definitions paper

blending of paper

paper percentage

produced recycled paper

tons of waste paper