IMPACTS Newsletter 2013-02 1

2nd Newsletter, December 2013

Dear reader,

Before you is the second edition of the IMPACTS newsletter, covering the period July – December 2013. The newsletters inform partners and stakeholders on the developments in the EU FP7 IMPACTS project1. You can navigate through this document by clicking on the elements of the content list (below).

Previous newsletters:

Newsletter 1, January – July 2013

Contents of this newsletter About IMPACTS

Events & meetings

Current activities

Publications

Contact information

About IMPACTS IMPACTS is a collaborative project co-funded by the European Commission under the 7th Framework

Programme. The goal of the IMPACTS project is to close knowledge gaps related to transport and

storage of CO2-rich mixtures from various CO2 sources to enable realisation of safer and more cost-

efficient solutions for CCS. The results of IMPACTS will help to ensure safe and reliable design,

construction and operation of CO2 pipelines and injection equipment, and safe long-term geological

storage of CO2. The project started on 1 January 2013 and has a duration of three years. It has 12

research performing partners and 5 funding partners. You can find more information on the project

website.

1 If you wish to receive this newsletter, but are not on the mailing list, please send an e-mail to an.hilmo@sintef.no.

IMPACTS Newsletter 2013-02 2

Events & meetings

Workshop on 7-8 November 2013 at GFZ in Potsdam, Germany.

GFZ hosted the IMPACTS workshop on 7-8 November 2013 in Potsdam. The workshop had 21

participants with representatives from both the R&D partners and funding partners. The aim of the

workshop was to discuss the knowledge gap analyses performed in Fundamental properties of CO2

mixtures and to prioritize the impurities for the techno-economic analysis in Techno-economic

assessment of CO2 chains in order to streamline the work during the second year of the IMPACTS

project.

During the first day, the results from the state of the art and knowledge gap analyses were

presented, together with preliminary results and further plans for the work. This was followed by a

presentation that summarised the CCS benchmark cases for the techno-economic analysis. During

the presentations several impurities and storage site characteristics were discussed and identified as

relevant candidates for further research.

Day one ended with a site visit to the Ketzin site. Sebastian Fischer, GFZ, gave the participants a tour

of the facilities and a presentation about the site.

Attendees at the workshop in Potsdam

IMPACTS Newsletter 2013-02 3

IMPACTS sub project leaders at the Ketzin pilot site. From left: Filip Neele, TNO, Alexandre Morin, SINTEF Energy Research, Charles Eickhoff, PEL and Astrid Lilliestråle

Day two continued with a plenary session to summarise the main conclusions from the first day. The

meeting then split up for technical discussions within the different research teams to agree on

actions for further work on the identified impurities and storage site characteristics.

Meeting information exchange between IMPACTS and CO2QUEST 11 October 2013 at

University College London (UCL) England.

The CO2QUEST project coordinated by University College London (UCL), can be regarded as

IMPACTS' sister project. Svend Tollak Munkejord, SINTEF ER, has been asked to join the advisory

board of CO2QUEST, composed of members from industry and academia. The first meeting was held

11 October at UCL. This information exchange is seen as important, since there are several points of

common interest between the projects.

Current activities

Typical CO2 mixtures and frames for characterisation

One of the first activities in the project was to set up an inventory of typical CO2 mixtures and to

define a framework for the characterization of the impact of impurities on CCS systems. This work

was started in the first period (see Newsletter 1) and finalised in the second period, through two

reports: one report on knowledge gaps (see below) and a second report on a proposed

characterization framework (see also below).

IMPACTS Newsletter 2013-02 4

Thermophysical behaviour of CO2 mixtures

At Ruhr Universität Bochum (RUB), the plans for experiments have been defined, following the

workshop at RUB in January 2013 that was intended to harmonise the work done on CO2 mixtures by

research groups from all over the world. A report from that workshop, which was discussed in the

first newsletter that was issued as an IMPACTS report (see below), formed the basis for the

definition of the work on mixtures that will be done by the group at RUB. This work will be done in

collaboration with SINTEF and Tsinghua University. These plans were laid down in a second IMPACTS

report (see below). Currently, the group at RUB is finalizing a relocation of their laboratory facilities.

Transient fluid dynamics of CO2 mixtures

SINTEF continues the implementation of the thermodynamic routines for mixtures of CO2 with

impurities. The routines evaluate the equilibrium state of mixtures under given conditions, based on

the equations of state provided by RUB. These routines are required to be able to use the accurate

equations of states developed by RUB in fluid-dynamical simulations. Concerning the other aspect of

the activity, the benchmarking of the available simulation tools for flows of CO2 with impurities, test

cases have been defined. Discussions between the partners led to the observation that the

simulation tools considered have different purposes and strengths, and the benchmark study will

highlight this fact. First a steady state run will be done as a base case. Then, the depressurisation to

the atmosphere of a pipeline pressurised with CO2 in dense phase will be simulated, as well as the

filling of a pipeline previously at atmospheric pressure. These cases have been chosen because they

involve phase change in multiphase mixtures, in which case the impurities are expected to have a

significant impact. The codes will look at these cases at different scales, from the pipeline scale to

the local phenomena close to the valves. The benchmark study will be performed in the coming

year.

IMPACTS Newsletter 2013-02 5

Members of the CO2 team at SINTEF Energy Research discussing simulations of CO2 flow in pipelines. From left: Geir Skaugen, Svend Tollak Munkejord, Alexandre Morin and Morten Hammer. Photo: Svein Tønseth/SINTEF

Corrosion potentials in CO2 infrastructure

The first task in the corrosion work, a literature overview of corrosion work and corrosion models,

which will be published as an IMPACTS report, was finished. Current work concentrates on the

selection of materials and mixtures, in preparation of corrosion experiments.

Chemical and physical effects of impurities on CO2 storage

A literature survey about the effect of impurities in CO2 geological storage was concluded by the

submission of the deliverable on the specific gaps analysis on chemical and physical effects of

impurities on CO2 storage. The report is divided into three sections: reservoir, seal formation and

technical installations. The most evident knowledge gap is the scarcity of studies involving

impurities. Sulphur compounds are the most considered impurities but other relevant components

and multi-component gas mixtures are rarely used in these studies. Improvement of modelling tools

and long-term research are other gaps identified. The report was written by CIUDEN, GFZ and TNO.

Meanwhile, the efforts of CIUDEN have been mostly focused on the laboratory experiments and on

the construction of the Technology Development Plant for CO2 storage at Hontomín.

IMPACTS Newsletter 2013-02 6

The drilling of the injection and monitoring wells at the Hontomín site has been successfully finished.

At the moment, geophysical and hydraulic characterization tests are being carried out, which will be

followed by the instrumentation of the two wells. Core samples of the reservoir and seal formations

have been recovered from both boreholes. These materials are going to be subject to the static and

dynamic laboratory tests both at CIUDEN and at GFZ. The ongoing petrologic and petrophysical

characterization of these formations will play a fundamental role in both the laboratory and the field

scale experiment within the IMPACTS activities.

Ongoing work at CIUDEN's Hontomin site

The laboratory experiments have started with the first set of tests with pure CO2 using Hontomín

reservoir samples and cements samples. These first tests allow us to develop the most adequate

experimental procedure and to set the baseline for the following experiments with different

impurity mixtures.

Samples from the Hontomin site

Operational and material effects of impurities in CO2 streams

Field Experiment at Ketzin Pilot CO2 Storage Site. At the Ketzin pilot site in Germany about 67,000 t

of high-purity CO2 were injected into salt-water bearing sandstone between 630 to 650 m depth

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between June 2008 and August 2013. Research and development programs as well as the applied

monitoring methods at the Ketzin site are among the most comprehensive ones worldwide. The

investigations carried out so far have provided fundamental knowledge for both the pilot site and for

the geological CO2 storage in saline aquifers in general. The Ketzin pilot site is recognized as a

reference project for the investigation and realization of geological CO2 storage.

Within the scope of the IMPACTS project, a field experiment was conducted at Ketzin from July 25th

to August 18th 2013. During this experiment 32 tonnes of N2 were co-injected together with 610

tonnes of CO2 to ensure a CO2:N2 volume ratio of approximately 95:5. The purpose of this large-scale

tracer test was to analyze the technical feasibility of a continuous CO2-N2 co-injection scenario, on

the one hand, but also to gather valuable information about pressure evolution at the wellhead,

monitoring of the CO2-N2 mixture as well as potential chromatographic effects within the reservoir,

on the other hand.

In order to extend the monitoring strategy, 50 liters of krypton were injected as an additional tracer,

as well as CO2 from a natural source with a much heavier isotopic composition compared to the CO2

used so far. The deviating isotopic composition of the natural CO2 allows for examining isotopic

effects between the injected CO2 and brine. During monitoring, vital parameters that were collected

were pressure and temperature of the wells, as well as fluid, gas and isotopic compositions of

samples from the reservoir. These data are currently being processed and will soon be available for

evaluation and interpretation.

For further information on the Ketzin site please visit the website.

The CO2-N2 injection experiments marked the end of CO2 injection at the Ketzin site. The site is

currently being prepared for abandonment of the site. More information can be found at the GFZ

website.

Overview of the subsurface (left) and location (right) of the Ketzin site. Copyright: F. Möller/GFZ

IMPACTS Newsletter 2013-02 8

Techno-economic analyses of impacts of CO2 quality

The preparation of the analysis of the impact of CO2 quality on the design and performance of CCS

chains continues. A number of reference cases were defined and described in Establishment of

typical CCS chains and their parameters (see below). The analysis will study the various elasticity’s of

CCS chain costs versus the impacts of CO2 quality, such as corrosion rates and injection rates.

Information about the elasticity’s will be provided from other parts of the IMPACTS project. The

workshop held at GFZ in November (see above) was dedicated to this interaction within the project.

Publications During the second period in the project, a number of deliverables were finalised. Please follow the

links to the IMPACTS website to read more about the deliverables. The deliverables are listed

below:

CO2 transport and storage knowledge gap analysis

Filip Neele (TNO), Leen van der Ham (TNO), Stefan Belfroid (TNO), Cristina Stanisteanu (ISPE),

Massimo Dibiagio (CSM), Charles Eickhoff (PEL)

Abstract. This report gives an overview of the knowledge gaps in the technology areas relevant for

the study of the impact of impurities in the captured CO2 on the transport and storage of CO2.

More..

Framework for the assessment of impacts of CO2 quality within the IMPACTS project

Andrea Caruso (ALSTOM-D), Cristina Stanisteanu (ISPE), Filip Neele (TNO), Ingrid Raben (TNO), Cristina Cos Domingo (TNO), Marielle Koenen (TNO), Timea Kovacs (CIUDEN), Zhe Wang (TSINGHUA University) Abstract. The present report based on the actual experience of IMPACTS partners, literature,

standards and experimental evidence defines a framework for the assessment of the effects of CO2

impurities on transport and storage. More…

Workshop on Property Research for CCS - Summary Memo

Roland Span (RUB) Abstract. The summary memo gives an overview regarding the contents of the workshop, the

experimental capabilities and experiences of the involved research groups, and the questions raised

with regard to future work. It serves as basis for the ongoing development of measurement plans

within WP1.2 of IMPACTS. More…

Plans for Experiments on Thermophysical Properties

Roland Span (RUB), Jacob Stang (SINTEF), Zhe Wang (Tsinghua)

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Abstract. Three partners (RUB, SINTEF, and Tsinghua) were in close contact to discuss the

experimental program to be carried out in IMPACTS as well as requirements on theoretical work.

Experimental means available for work in IMPACTS were identified and measurement programs

were developed considering the outcome of the workshop, capabilities of the available experimental

equipment, ongoing work in other projects and planed activities by other groups. More…

Specific gaps analysis on chemical and physical effects of impurities on CO2 storage

Gema Ortiz (CIUDEN), Timea Kovacs (CIUDEN), Silvia Pérez (CIUDEN), Amanda Metcalf (CIUDEN), Sebastian Fischer (GFZ),Mariëlle Koenen (TNO) Abstract. This report provides the basis for the work describing knowledge gaps regarding chemical

and physical effects of impurities in the CO2 stream on reservoir formations, caprock formations as

well as technical installations. Various knowledge gaps have been identified in the scientific

literature. More…

Establishment of typical CCS chains and their parameters

Charles Eickhoff (PEL), Andy Brown (PEL), Stefan Belfroid (TNO), Leen van der Ham (TNO), Filip Neele (TNO), Ignacio Llavona Fernández (CIUDEN) Abstract. This report establishes the benchmark CCS chains to be used for technical and economic analyses throughout the IMPACTS project. More…

These deliverables are expected in December 2013:

Plans for experiments on thermophysical properties

Validation of the current version of the reference model for thermodynamic properties

Stable algorithms for phase equilibrium calculations

Memo describing a relevant benchmark case for existing tools

State of the art on corrosion of pipeline steels caused by CO2 mixtures

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Contact information

Nils A Røkke, Chairman of the Executive Board, Nils.A.Rokke@sintef.no

Mona J. Mølnvik, Coordinator, Mona.J.Molnvik@sintef.no

Astrid Lilliestråle, Project manager, Astrid.Lilliestrale@sintef.no

An Hilmo, Project secretary, An.Hilmo@sintef.no

Website: www.sintef.no/impacts

Newsletter: prepared by TNO, The Netherlands, Filip.Neele@tno.nl