Anatomy and morphologyMouthparts

Mouthparts: Chewing Wings: 2 pair: Mesothorax wings toughened (=tegmina) to protect membraneous, folded (fan-like) metathoracic wings. Body characteristicsfront legs modified for grasping, elongate, thin body & legs for camouflage egg - distinctive egg case Where found: Camouflaged in vegetation - highly predacious so found alone.

Morphology

Size: from 1 cm (Mantoida tenuis) to >17 cm

(Ischnomantis gigas)

[2]Eyes and labrum: Close up image of a mantis' face (Archimantis

latistyla) showing its compound eyes and

labrum. The structure of

the compound eye creates

the illusion of a small pupil.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Large_brown_mantid_close_up_nohair.jpg

Foreleg Modifications

Mantises have two grasping, spiked forelegs in which prey items are

caught and held securely.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MantisLegGBMNH.jpg

Behaviors

19

Diet and predatory behavior

Mantises are exclusively predatory. Insects form the primary diet, but larger

species have been known to prey on small lizards, frogs, birds, snakes, fish, and even rodents; they will prey upon

any species small enough to successfully capture.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tenodera_sinensis_2_Luc_Viatour.jpg

Reproduction

The female may start feeding by biting off the male’s head (as they do with regular prey), and if mating had begun, the male’s movements may become even more vigorous in its delivery of sperm.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mantis_religiosa_couple.JPG

Reproduction

Courtship display has also been observed in other species, but it does not hold for all mantises.

The mating season in temperate climates typically begins in

autumn.

Conservation status

Only one Spanish species, Apteromantis aptera, is listed as Lower Risk/Near Threatened. With one exception (the ground mantis Litaneutria minor in Canada,

where it is rare — though it is common in the United States), North American mantises are not included among threatened or endangered species.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tenodera_sinensis_camouflaged.jpg

Mythology

23

Southern African indigenous mythology refers to the praying mantis as a god in Khoi and San traditional myths and practices, and the word for the mantis in Afrikaans is hottentotsgot (literally, the god of the Khoi).

Life Cycle

Metamorphosis incomplete, generally with seven or

more molts before maturity. Eggs are laid late in the

season in an egg case, or ootheca (first foamy, then

papery after the foam sets) and hatch in the spring.

26

Order Dermaptera- Earwigs


Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: Arthropoda

Subfamily: HexapodaClass: Insecta

Order: Dermaptera

(Earwigs)

Some species of this order









Other Common Names •Pincher Bugs

Pronunciation •durr-MAP-turr-uh

29

30

Explanation of Names

Dermaptera = "skin wings" Refers to the

leathery texture of the

forewings.

Introduction

Earwigs make up the insect order Dermaptera, found throughout the Americas, Eurasia, Australia and New Zealand. With 1,800 species in 12 families, they are

one of the smaller insect orders. 31

Size

6-35 mm

32

Identification Earwigs have slender

flattened body, bead-like antennae, and are easily recognized by the pair of

large pincers (cerci) at the tip of the abdomen. Adult males have 10 abdominal tergites; females, 8. Some are wingless, but in most

the fore wings are represented by short leathery covers called

tegmina, under which the hind wings (if present) fold

in a unique fan-like fashion leaving a chitinized

triangular part exposed.

The pincers' shape is highly species-specific

in males (asymmetrical in

some groups) but quite

uniform in females

throughout the order.

33


Range

Mostly in warm climates; very few range far north.

Habitat

Earwigs are sensitive to heat and dryness, so they usually hide in cool, dark places during the day and come out at night. Some species hide mostly under leaves, rocks

and other debris, while others hide under the bark of trees.

Length

Most earwigs are

flattened with an

elongated body

generally 7–50

millimetres (0.28–2.0 in) long, though

some can grow longer, such as the

Saint Helena earwig which

reaches 80 mm

(3.1 in) long.

Morphology Differences between

male and female

• Earwigs are characterized by the cerci, or the pair of forceps-like pincers on their abdomen; male earwigs have curved pincers, while females have straight ones.

• These pincers are used to capture prey, defend themselves and fold their wings under the short tegmina. The antennae are thread-like with at least 10 segments or more.

Season

Year-round, but often

inactive/hiding in cold or dry

weather.

38

Food

Plants, organic matter, other insects (sozme are almost

exclusively carnivorous, and many are important in controlling soil pests).


Life Cycle and reproduction

• Simple metamorphosis with visible changes including increasing number of antennal segments and progressive wing development until sexual maturity. The mother cares for the eggs and nymphs.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Earwig_life_cycle_upwards.svg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nesting_Earwig_Chester_UK_1.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nesting_Earwig_Chester_UK_2.jpg

Order Thysanoptera - Thrips

some common spp.7]






Classification

Kingdom Animalia (Animals) Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods)

Class Insecta (Insects) Order Thysanoptera (Thrips)

Explanation of Names Thysanoptera = "fringe wing", Greek--thysanos = fringe

plus pteron = wing. (The wings of thrips are characteristically fringed with long hairs)

704 species in 141 genera in 5

families in North America, listed

on two pages at nearctica.com

More than 5,000 described

species worldwide.

Numbers

Size

From 0.5 to 5 mm long, but typically about 1 to 2 mm.

Identification

• Thrips are• Small insects, 0.5 to 5 mm long.• Four wings, narrow, with few veins, fringed with long

hairs.• Mouthparts of sucking type, stout conical proboscis

(beak).• Short antennae, 4-9 segments.• Tarsi 1-2 segments.• Metamorphosis is intermediate between simple and

complete. The first 2 instars have no external wings.

Identification

• The males and females look similar, but males a bit smaller.

• Several generations in a year.• Plant feeders, flowers, leaves, fruits, twigs, buds.

Few species feed on fungi, few are predaceous.• Feeding destroys plant cells, they empty the cells

which become silverish in color. If the attack is heavy, plant tissue will turn brown and dry up.

• Thrips are often vectors of diseases.


Range

Worldwide

Habitat

Plant-feeding thrips are generally found on soft living plant tissue, though some larval stages may be spent on soil.

Food

Most species feed on plants, though some feed on fungus spores or are predaceous on other small arthropods. Plant-feeders often cause damage to leaves and flower petals.

Life Cycle

Eggs are laid in plant tissue (when the female has an ovipositor) or in crevices or under bark. In suborder Terebrantia, first two instars are larval stages followed by inactive

third (prepupa) and fourth (pupa) stages.In suborder Tubulifera, the third and fourth stages comprise the prepupa stage while a

fifth stage is the pupa stage. During prepupa and pupa stages, the immature thrips do not feed.

Life Cycle

REFERENCEhttp://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/foltz/eny3005/lab1/orthopteroid/mantodea.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantis

http://www.amentsoc.org/insects/fact-files/orders/thysanoptera.html

http://www.bijlmakers.com/entomology/classification/Thysanoptera.htm


http://www.cirrusimage.com/earwig.htm



http://ag.udel.edu/enwc/insectdb/mantodea.htm 49

THANKS FOR YOUR PATIENCE

ANY QUESTION

contents

Documents

wings of thrips

metathoracic wings

mesothorax wings

external wings

fringe wing

insecta earwigs

plant cells

males movements