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The 2nd International Conference & 4th International MacroNano-Colloquium on the Challenges and Perspectives of Functional Nanostructures (CPFN), 2015

Content

The 2nd International Conference & 4th International

MacroNano-Colloquium on the Challenges and Perspectives

of Functional Nanostructures

July 30

th – 31

st Technische Universität Ilmenau, http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/cpfn

http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/cpfn

Greetings


Greetings

Welcome to the conference! The 2nd International Conference & the 4th International

MacroNano-Colloquium on the Challenges and Perspectives of Functional Nanostructures (CPFN)

will be held on July 30th

-31st, 2015 at the Technical University of Ilmenau.

Our university was founded in 1894 as the “Thüringisches Technikum” and was accorded the title

of Technische Universität (TU) in 1992. We celebrated the twentieth anniversary of our university

in 2012, together with the tenth birthday of the Center of Micro and Nanotechnologies (ZMN),

which is the cradle of the current well-established Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies ( IMN)

MacroNano®. In 2002, the TU Ilmenau strategically decided to promote the basic research and

market-oriented research in the fields of micro- and nanotechnologies. The promising researches of

micro-technology and nano-sciences in the past years clearly show that the decision for opening

the IMN is a quite judicious one. Now the Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies has become an

interdisciplinary institute, which contains more than 40 research departments and groups working

on nanotechnologies, nano-biotechnologies, environmental engineering and medical technologies.

The innovative research on nanostructures, nanostructural patterning and integration of

nano-devices are shining the light of their practical applications in energy generation and storage

applications, optical and electronic technologies.

The CPFN 2014 conference was very successful last year. More than 100 scientists and researchers

attended the conference, and 20 plenary and key invited talks were given by top scientists from 6

countries. This year the conference is dedicated to discuss new concepts and techniques of 3D and

1D nanostructures to solve fundamental cross-cutting research topics for advanced energy related

applications. This international conference are gathering the leading scientists and researchers

worldwide to exchange their exciting research progresses, innovations, discuss the current

challenges and present their foresight and perspectives.

I am very grateful to all the people for organizing this conference and sincerely welcome all the

participants. Wish you and all of us a successful conference!

Univ.-Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Dr. h.c.

Prof. h.c. Peter SCHARFF Rector of Technische Universität Ilmenau

Preface


Preface

Nanotechnology offers tremendous opportunities to improve product performance, solve energy

crisis, promote environmental protection, and reform human’s life. Applications of functional

nanostructures for energy, optical and electronic appliances are just at their advent, yet imperative

as the growing energy needs will require a collection of extremely efficient technologies. The 2nd

International Conference & 4th International MacroNano-Colloquium on the Challenges and

Perspectives of Functional Nanostructures (CPFN), is to be held in TU Ilmenau on July

30th

-31st, 2015, sponsored by “Federal Ministry of Education and Research” and organized by “3D

Nanostructuring” group, is expected to bring together leading scientists, researchers, engineers,

technology developers in nanotechnology to exchange their latest research progress

and innovation.

The topics of the conference mainly include: 1) Functional 3D and 1D nanostructures, surface

nanopatterning, template fabrication of nanostructures; 2) Micro and nano-integration of functional

structures; 3) Energy-related, optical and electrical device application of 3D and 1D

nanostructures.

The conference offers a stimulating and versatile program and features wide-ranging subjects.

Some world’s leading scientific minds will be presented, together with their featured lectures

during the conference. Highlights include ‘Nanogenerators as new energy technology and

piezotronics for smart systems’ by Prof. Zhong Lin Wang, one of the top 5 most cited authors in

nanotechnology and solved a critical gap between application and nanotechnology by creating

nanogenerators that offer the high potential of converting mechanical or hydraulic energy from

environment into electricity for powering nano-devices. Prof. Reginald M. Penner will present his

diverse work on chemical sensing, energy storage and photonics and describe the photodetection

and photo emitters of polycrystalline nanomaterials in the talk ‘Electrodeposition of nanowire

photonics’. The plenary talk ‘Nanostructures for electrochemical energy storage’ by Prof. Joachim

Maier will strategically display his contribution on physical chemistry and is centered around ion

transfer. The diversity of his research covers from experiments to theoretical calculations, from

electrodes to electrolyte and from fuel cells, batteries and catalysis to chemical sensors. The

plenary talk by Prof. Yadong Yin, who appeared on Reuters list of The World's Most Influential

Minds of 2014 and Top 100 chemists (#55) and Top 100 Materials Scientists (#2) in the world

(2000-2010), will highlight his promising work on nanostructures for energy storage and

optoelectronic applications in his talk ‘Stimuli-responsive nanostructured optical materials’. Prof.

Stefano Passerini will guide us to the world of electrochemical energy storage especially on the

lithium and sodium ion batteries in his talk ‘Materials for sodium-ion batteries’. High-level

international collaborations among worldwide research groups are also highly expected based on

the scientific discussions during the conference.

On behalf of the conference organization committee, I am delighted to give my warm welcome to

all the participants of our conference, especially to those from other countries and regions. And I

would like to thank all those who make this conference possible, and all the people involved for

organizing this conference. My special acknowledgement goes to the Federal Ministry of

Education and Research of Germany (BMBF) for their generous financial support.

Wish you and all of us a successful conference!

Prof. Dr. Yong Lei Chairman of the CPFN 2015

Head of the Group Three-Dimensional Nanostructuring

Technische Universität Ilmenau

http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/nanostruk/

http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/nanostruk/

Organization


Organization

Organizer

Fachgebiet 3D-Nanostrukturierung & Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien MacroNano®,

Technische Universität Ilmenau

Homepage: http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/cpfn

Email: [email protected]

Organization Committee

Conference Chair

Prof. Dr. Yong Lei

Conference Co-Chair

Prof. Dr. Andreas Schober

Organization Committee Manager

Dipl.-Ing. Moumou Li

Organization Committee

Dr. Chengliang Wang

Dipl.-Ing. Lin Cheng

Dr. Min Zhou

Mr. Max Sommerfeld

Mr. Stefan Bösemann

Dr. Yang Xu

M. Sc. Ahmed Shukur Hameed Al-Haddad

Mr. Andre. Zuehlsdorff

Financial Support

Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (BMBF)


mailto:[email protected]

Content


Content

Synopsis of the Daily Program .................................................................................... 1

Introduction of Plenary and Keynote Speakers ........................................................... 4

Introduction of the Conference Chair ........................................................................ 10

Introduction of the Director of IMN .......................................................................... 11

Abstracts of Plenary Talks ......................................................................................... 12

Abstracts of Keynote Invited Talks ............................................................................ 17

Abstracts of Talks in Scientific Session of 3D Nanostructuring Group .................... 24

Abstracts of Contributed Talks and Posters ............................................................... 30

Introduction of 3D Nanostructuring Group ............................................................... 52

Introduction of the Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies MacroNano® ........... 58

Information for Participants ....................................................................................... 59

Campus Map .............................................................................................................. 62

Synopsis of the Daily Program


1


Thursday, 30 July, 2015

Session A (Chair: Prof. Yong Lei), Meitnerbau

9:00-9:20 Opening Speech

Prof. Peter Scharff, Rector (President) of Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

9:20-9:40 Greeting Speech and Introduction of CPFN Conference

Prof. Yong Lei, Conference Chair, Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

9:40-10:00 Introduction of IMN

Prof. Jens Müller, Director of IMN, Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

10:00-11:00

(Plenary Talk)

Nanogenerators as new energy technology and piezotronics for smart systems

Prof. Zhonglin Wang, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA

11:00-12:00

(Plenary Talk)

Electrodeposition of nanowire photonics

Prof. Reginald M. Penner, University of California, Irvine, USA

12:00-13:00 Lunch

Session A (Chair: Prof. Andreas Schober)

13:00-14:00

(Plenary Talk)

Nanostructures for electrochemical energy storage

Prof. Joachim Maier, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Germany

14:00-14:40

(Keynote Invited Talk)

Dualistic nature between solids and molecules: making nanoparticles by

microfluidic synthesis

Prof. J. Michael Köhler, Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

14:40-15:20


Metallic nanoantennas: emerging applications for high spatiotemporal

resolution light and electron microscopy and ultrafast optical switching

Prof. Christoph Lienau, Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, Germany

15:20-15:40 Coffee break

Session A (Chair: Prof. Zhonglin Wang)

15:40-16:20


Biotechnical Multiscale engineering, a method within the biolithomorphy

approach

Prof. Andreas Schober, Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

16:20-17:00


Potential applications of sophisticated 3D cell culture systems in stem cell and

developmental biology

Prof. Rüdiger Behr, Stem Cell Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Germany



2

17:00-17:40


3D micro- and nanostructure of the liver: functional relevance and possibilities as

well as limitations of nanoengineering

Prof. Jan G. Hengstler, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and

Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund, Germany

17:40-18:00 Lab Tour in IMN for Plenary and Invited Speakers

Guided tour by Prof. Jens Müller and Prof. Yong Lei

Session B, ZMN

15:00-15:20

MOVPE-grown GaP on Si(111) as a quasi-substrate for subsequent III-V

nanowire growth

Ms. Angieszka Paszuk, Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

15:20-15:40 Carbon nitride electrodes: growth and optoelectronics applications

Dr. Jingsan Xu, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Germany

15:40-16:00

Photocatalytic activity improvement on bismuth-based compounds by

introducing continuous interface and oxygen vacancies

Ms. Lingling Xu Harbin Normal University, China

16:00-16:20 Doping profile analysis of GaAs nanowires via multi-probe-STM

Mr. Matthias Steidl, Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

Friday, 31 July, 2015

Session A (Chair: Prof. Reginald M. Penner), Meitnerbau

9:00-10:00

(Plenary Talk)

Stimuli-responsive nanostructured optical materials

Prof. Yadong Yin, University of California, Riverside, USA

10:00-11:00

(Plenary Talk)

Materials for sodium-ion batteries

Prof. Stefano Passerini, Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,

Germany

11:00-11:40


Magnetism at the nanometer scale

Prof. Jörg Kröger, Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

11:40-13:00 Lunch

Session B (Chair: Prof. Andreas Schober), ZMN

13:00-13:40


3D carbon nanotubes and metal chalcogenides: synthesis, alignment and

functional properties

Prof. Jörg J. Schneider, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany

13:40-14:20


Manipulations of nano-Structures for lightening the energy world

Prof. Zhijie Wang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

14:20-14:40

Enhanced charge injection through nanostructured electrodes for organic field

effect transistors

Dr. Deyang Ji, Westfälische Wilhems-Universität, Münster, Germany



3

14:40-15:00

Self-aligned growth of 3D nano-bridge-based interconnects by gas phase

electrodeposition

Mr. Leslie Schlag, Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

15:00-15:20

Active matrix-based collection of airborne analytes: a SERS based analyte

recording chip providing exposure history and finger print

Mr. Johannes Reiprich, Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

15:20-15:40

Controllable synthesis of vanadium oxides and their applications in lithium ion

batteries

Dr. Qianwen Li, Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

Thursday, 30 July, 2015, Meitnerbau

9:00-17:00 Poster Session

Friday, 31 July, 2015, Meitnerbau

9:00-17:00 Poster Session

Friday, 31 July, 2015, Meitnerbau

Scientific Collaboration Session of 3D Nanostructuring Group and ZIK Project

13:00-13:30 Template-realized nanostructures for high-performance devices

Prof. Yong Lei, Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

13:30-13:50

Improving electrochemical energy storage in supercapacitors by introducing 3D

nanostructures and asymmetric device configurations

Mr. Fabian Grote, Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

13:50-14:05 Building ordered binary nanostructures with pre-patterned alumina template

Mr. Liaoyong Wen, Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

14:05-14:25

Highly controllable surface plasmon resonance property by manipulating

structural parameters of nanoparticle arrays

Dr. Zhibing Zhan, Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

14:25-14:50 Electrode and material design for sodium ion batteries

Dr. Yang Xu, Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

14:50-15:10 Template-directed nanoengineering for solar water splitting

Dr. Min Zhou, Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

15:10-17:00 Scientific and collaborative discussions

Introduction of Plenary and Keynote Speakers


4


Prof. Dr. Zhong Lin (ZL) Wang received his PhD from Arizona State

University in 1987. He now is the Hightower Chair in Materials Science and

Engineering and Regents' Professor at Georgia Tech, and Director and Chief

Scientist, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese

Academy of Sciences, Beijing. Dr. Wang has made original and innovative

contributions to the synthesis, discovery, characterization and understanding

of fundamental physical properties of oxide nanobelts and nanowires, as well

as applications of nanowires in energy sciences, electronics, optoelectronics

and biological science. His discovery and breakthroughs in developing

nanogenerators establish the principle and technological road map for

harvesting mechanical energy from environment and biological systems for

powering a personal electronics. His research on self-powered nanosystems has inspired the worldwide

effort in academia and industry for studying energy for micro-nano-systems, which is now a distinct

disciplinary in energy research and future sensor networks. He coined and pioneered the field of

piezotronics and piezo-phototronics by introducing piezoelectric potential gated charge transport

process in fabricating new electronic and optoelectronic devices. This breakthrough by redesign CMOS

transistor has important applications in smart MEMS/NEMS, nanorobotics, human-electronics interface

and sensors. Dr. Wang’s publications have been cited for over 83,000 times. The H-index of his citations

is 139. Dr. Wang was elected as a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2009,

member of European Academy of Sciences in 2002, fellow of American Physical Society in 2005,

fellow of AAAS in 2006, fellow of Materials Research Society in 2008, fellow of Microscopy Society of

America in 2010, and fellow of the World Innovation Foundation in 2002. He received 2014 World

Technology Prize in Materials; 2014 the James C. McGroddy Prize for New Materials from America

Physical Society, 2013 ACS Nano Lectureship award, 2012 Edward Orton Memorial Lecture Award

and 2009 Purdy Award from American Ceramic Society, 2011 MRS Medal from the Materials Research

Society, 1999 Burton Medal from Microscopy Society of America. Details can be found at:

http://www.nanoscience.gatech.edu

Prof. Dr. Reginald Penner is Chancellor’s Professor and Chairman in the

Department of Chemistry at the University of California, Irvine (UCI). At

UCI, he has appointments in the Department of Chemistry and the

Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science. Professor

Penner attended Gustavus Adolphus College in Saint Peter, Minnesota

where he obtained B.A. degrees in Chemistry and Biology in 1983. He

studied at Texas A&M University beginning in 1983 with Professor

Charles R. Martin and he received a Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1987. He

proceeded to postdoctoral appointments at Stanford University and

Caltech working with Professor Nate Lewis, before being appointed at

UCI in 1990. Professor Penner is an electrochemist whose research group develops methods based

upon electrodeposition for making nanomaterials, such as nanowires, composed of metals and

semiconductors. With his students, he has more than 150 research publications to date. He is an A.P.

Sloan Fellow, a Camille and Henry Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar, an NSF and ONR Young Investigator,

and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). He received

the 2009 Faraday Medal from the Royal Society of Chemistry of the UK. He is to be the 2016

recipient of the Charles N. Reilley Award of the Society for Electroanalytical Chemistry.

http://www.nanoscience.gatech.edu/



5

Prof. Stefano Passerini is Professor at the Karlsruhe Institute of

Technology, Helmholtz Institute Ulm (Ulm, Germany) since January 1,

2014. Formerly Professor at the University of Muenster (Germany), he

co-founded the MEET battery research centre at the University of

Muenster (Germany). His research activities are focused on

electrochemical energy storage in batteries and supercapacitors. Co-author

of about 300 scientific papers (H-factor of 51), a few book chapters and

several international patents, has been awarded in 2012 the Research

Award of the Electrochemical Society Battery Division. From 2015 he has

been appointed Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Power Sources.

Prof. Yadong Yin received his B.S. (1996) and M.S. (1998) in Chemistry

from the University of Science and Technology of China. From 1999 to

2002, he was a graduate student in the Department of Materials Science

and Engineering at the University of Washington, Seattle, under the

guidance of Prof. Younan Xia. In 2003, he became a postdoctoral fellow at

Prof. Paul Alivisatos’ group at the University of California, Berkeley.

Soon he joined the Molecular Foundry at the Lawrence Berkeley National

Laboratory, as initially a postdoctoral fellow and then a staff scientist.

Since 2006, he has been a faculty member at the Department of Chemistry,

University of California, Riverside. His research interest focuses on the

synthesis, self-assembly, and functionalization of nanostructured materials

for catalytic, analytical, and photonic applications. Prof. Yin has received

a number of national awards, including Cottrell Scholar Award from the Research Corporation for

Science Advancement, DuPont Young Professor Grant, 3M Nontenured Faculty Grant, the Faculty

Early Career Development (CAREER) award from the National Science Foundation, and the

Distinguished Junior Faculty Award from the Chinese-American Chemistry Professor Association.

He is currently an associate editor of the Journal of Materials Chemistry C, and also serves on the

editorial board for NPG Asia Materials, Advanced Functional Materials, SCIENCE CHINA

Materials, and ChemNanoMat.



6

Prof. Dr. Joachim Maier is Director at the Max Planck Institute for Solid

State Research in Stuttgart (Germany) and heads the department of

Physical Chemistry. J. Maier studied chemistry in Saarbrücken, obtained

his Masters and PhD in Physical Chemistry there. He completed his

professorial thesis (Habilitation) at the University of Tübingen. From 1988

to 1991 he was responsible for the activities on functional ceramics at the

MPI for Metals Research in Stuttgart, and from 1988 to 1996 (as a Foreign

Faculty Member) he taught defect chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute

of Technology. In 1991, after having declined other prestigious offers

(Materials Science M.I.T., Institute of New Materials Saarbrücken,

Physical Chemistry Marburg), he was appointed Scientific Member of the

Max Planck Society, Director at the MPI for Solid State Research and Honorary Professor at the

University of Stuttgart. J. Maier has authored/co-authored more than 730 scientific papers in

refereed journals and 26 patents in the field of physical chemistry and electrochemistry of the solid

state. His major research field is ion transport in solids. He is also author or editor of several books

and has organised various international conferences on these subjects. Under this headline, research

is devoted to electrochemistry, equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of charge carriers

and chemical kinetics of solid state processes (Electrochemistry, Solid State Ionics, Nanoionics). He

was awarded both the PhD Award Fellowship and the Lecturer Award Fellowship of the German

Chemical Industry. He received the Carl-Duisberg-Award of the German Chemical Society, the

E.-Martin-Prize of the University of Saarbrücken and the Norman Hackerman Award of the

Electrochemical Society. He is co-recipient of the 2002, 2004 and 2005 Edward C. Henry Awards

and of the 2005 Ross Coffin Purdy Award of The American Ceramic Society. He is a member of the

German Academy of Sciences and Literature (Mainz), a member of the German Academy of

Science and Engineering (acatech), a member of the Academia Europaea, Fellow of the Royal

Society of Chemistry and an Honorary Member of the National Institute of Chemistry in Ljubljana.

He was Visiting Professor at the M.I.T. and TU Graz; he was appointed Herbert-Johnson-Award

lecturer (Cornell University), Richard-Willstätter lecturer of the GDCh (Hebrew University of

Jerusalem) and Seidman lecturer (Technion) and Lecture-Professor (Institute of Chemistry, Chinese

Academy of Science Beijing). He also gave the Wilhelm-Jost lecture series of the Deutsche

Bunsen-Gesellschaft (2007). He was Vice President (2011-2013) and is President (2013-2015) of

the International Society for Solid State Ionics. Joachim Maier is Editor-in-Chief of Solid State

Ionics and on the Board of various scientific journals (Adv. Funct. Mater., Chem. Mater., J.

Electroceramics, J. Solid State Electrochem., Z. Phys. Chem., Materials Science Foundations,

Trends in Physical Chemistry). He served as officer on councils of various societies and

organisations (ISE, ISSI, DBG, GDCh, MPG, BDI, IAEA, FZ Jülich among others); he was

chairman of the Solid State Chemistry Division of GDCh, chairman of the New Topics Committee

(International Society of Electrochemistry) and Titular Member of the IUPAC Physical and

Biophysical Chemistry Division Committee.



7

Prof. Dr. J. Michael Köhler is the head of the Department of Physical

Chemistry and Microreaction Technology at the Technical University of

Ilmenau (Germany) since 2001. He studied Chemistry in Halle an der

Saale and Jena, where he also habilitated in General and Physical

Chemistry (1992). He led a research department at the Institute of High

Technologies in Jena between 1991 and 2000. During this time, he also

taught at the Universities of Wuppertal and Jena. Professor Koehler inter

alias has edited books on microlithography, micro system technology and

nanotechnology. His current research interests are focussed on

nanotechnology and on application of droplet-based microfluidics in

nanoparticle syntheses and bioscreenings.

Prof. Dr. Christoph Lienau is a professor in experimental physics at the

University of Oldenburg. After receiving a PhD in physical chemistry in

Göttingen, he worked as a postdoc with Ahmed H. Zewail at Caltech,

studying femtosecond dynamics in solution. In 1995, he became a

scientific staff member of of the newly founded Max Born Institute in the

department of Thomas Elsässer. Here, he initiated a research activity in

"ultrafast nano-optics", combining low-temperature and ultrafast

near-field spectroscopy and their applications to nano-spectroscopy. In

2006, he became a full professor in physics in Oldenburg. He has

published more than 150 publications in refereed international journals

and has given more than 100 invited and plenary talks at major

international conferences. He holds 5 patents. He is a Fellow of the

Optical Society of America and Chair of the semiconductor physics division of the German

Physical Society. His research interests are in ultrafast, nano and quantum optics.



8

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Andreas Schober is the head of the group of

Nano-biosystem Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Bio-Technology,

Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany. He is also a member of the

institute of micro- and nanotechnologies IMN MacroNano®, Technical

University of Ilmenau. He studied physics at the Ludwig Maximilians

University (LMU) in Munich. For his diploma thesis he was engaged in

the field of surface and laser science and spectroscopy at the Max-Planck

Institute of Quantum Optics in Munich in the department of Professor

Walther. During his research on ‘‘strategies of evolutionary biotechnology”

at the Max-Planck Institute of biophysical chemistry in Professor Eigen’s

department he became involved in the development and application of

multichannel online PCR systems, ‘‘drop-on-demand-systems’’ for

biological applications and microsystem technologies leading to several industrial projects with

microdrop, evotec and Merck KGaA, Darmstadt. He finished his habilitation at the BOKU, Wien

(Prof. Sleytr) in 2002. After his time with Merck as the head of the system integration group he

joined the institute of micro- and nanotechnologies IMN MacroNano®, at the Technical University

of Ilmenau. Within the competition of the center of innovation competence he received two junior

research groups “microfluidics and biosensors” and “microplastic molding” (2006-2010). In 2011

he was appointed as Professor for Nano-biosystem Technology, He is interested in Nano-biosystem

Technology, 3D cell cultivation, Microbioreactors, Process Optimization, Micro- and Nanosystem

Integration, Microfluidics and Biofabrication. He is now focusing his work on the research and

recreation of biological systems within the frameworks of Biotechnical Multi-scale Engineering

(BME). Recently he won the MetaZIK project “Bioliothomorphy” together with Prof. Lei and Prof.

Müller, TU Ilmenau and Dr. Yishin Zhang from Bcube Dresden.

Prof. Rüdiger Behr studied Biology and received his PhD from the

Westfälische Wilhelms Universität (WWU) Münster in 1998. During his

PhD project he worked at the Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the

WWU on mammalian spermatogenesis. In 2000 he got a fellowship from

the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and joined the Department of

Genetics of the University of Pennsylvania Medical School, PA, USA,

where he worked on mouse development. Thereafter he worked as a

Post-Doc at the Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the WWU Münster

and at the Institute of Anatomy, University of Essen. In the

Developmental Biology Lab at the University of Essen he focused on in

vitro pattern formation by embryonic stem cell colonies.

Since 2005 Prof. Behr continued his research at the German Primate

Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, where he established the Stem Cell

Biology Unit. Since 2011 he is adjunct Professor of the Medical Faculty at the University of

Göttingen.

His current research activities are focused on the derivation and differentiation of pluripotent stem

cells from non-human primates. Furthermore, early embryonic and germ cell development are

studied.



9

Prof. Dr. Jan G. Hengstler, born 1965, studied medicine at the

University of Mainz (Germany), later became Professor of Molecular

Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Leipzig and now is

director of the Leibniz Research Centre in Dortmund (Germany). His

research interests are liver toxicity and regeneration, hepatocyte in vitro

systems, toxicogenomics, as well as carcinogenesis. At the Ilmenau

Conference he will focus on imaging of living liver tissue to understand

the relevance of 3D micro and nanostructures for liver function. This

knowledge, three-dimensional tissue reconstruction, as well as

quantitative mathematical modeling elucidate the principles how cells

coordinately interact to establish functional tissue. Practical consequences

for nanoengineering of ‘artificial livers’ will be derived.

Prof. Dr. Jörg Kröger is the head of department of Technical Physics I, Institute of Physics,

Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany. He is working on charge and spin transport through

single-atom and single-molecule contacts, magnetism at the nanometer scale, quasi-particle

behavior of electronic and vibrational excitations, spectroscopic investigation of the

organic-inorganic interface and advancement of spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy and

spectroscopy.

Prof. Dr. Jörg J. Schneider recieved his Diploma degree in Chemistry in

Philipps-Universität Marburg and obtained his Ph.D degree in the same

university in 1986. He completed his habilitation and appointed as a

Privatdozent (lecturer) in Universität/GH Essen. From 2000, he became a

professor in Universität/GH Essen and Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz

(Austria). He is now a professor in Technical University of Darmstadt. He

is focusing on micro- and nanostructured materials and chemisty under

non-classical conditions.

Introduction of the Conference Chair


10

Introduction of the Conference Chair

Prof. Dr. Yong Lei is the Head of the Group of Three-Dimensional

Nanostructuring of the Institute of Physics and IMN MacroNano® at

the Technical University of Ilmenau. After his research as an

Alexander von Humboldt fellowship in Karlsruhe Institute of

Technology, he became a junior group leader in the Institute of

Materials Physics at the University of Muenster in 2006, where he was

promoted as a W1 professor in 2009. He joined TU Ilmenau in 2011 as

a W2 professor. His main research interests include template-based

fabrication of functional nanostructures, property investigation of

semiconductor and metallic nanostructures and their applications

including energy-related and optoelectronic devices. So far he has

authored for about 100 scientific papers and many of them are

published in high impact scientific journals. He received a few

research prizes and prestigious funding such as the first prize of the

best research in the annual conference of NanoMat in 2005, Young Scientist Prize of

Uni-Muenster in 2008, ERC starting grant in 2009, and BMBF ZIK project in 2012. He has

been invited to give quite a few keynote and invited talks, especially he received an invitation

from the European Commission and attended the EU-China Science and Technology Week in

World Expo 2010 Shanghai, and gave two invited talks as a Star European Project Awardee in

Section 4: Europe for Researchers - Funding top talent from around the world, and in Press

Briefing Program 8: European Union Research – ERC Boosting Frontier Research.

Introduction of the Conference Co-Chair

Details of introduction of the conference co-chair Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Andreas Schober

can be found in Page 8.

Introduction of the Director of IMN


11

Introduction of the Director of IMN

Prof. Dr. Jens Müller – (www.macronano.de) received his diploma

degree for electrical engineering and the doctoral degree from Technische

Universität Ilmenau, Germany, in 1992 and 1997 respectively. From 1997

to 2005, he held managing positions in development departments at Micro

Systems Engineering GmbH, Berg, Germany. In 2005, he established the

junior research group “Functionalised Peripherics” at Technische

Universität Ilmenau within the Center of Innovation Competence

MacroNano® and was assigned full professor for the Electronics

Technology Group in 2008. Since June 2012 he has been the director of

the Institute for Micro- and Nanotechnologies MacroNano® at his

university. His research interest covers functional integration for ceramic

based System-in-Packages considering aspects of harsh environmental use,

and high thermal / high-frequency requirements with a strong focus on LTCC materials.

Abstracts of Plenary Talks


12


Nanogenerators as new energy technology and piezotronics for smart systems

Zhong Lin Wang

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta USA

ABSTRACT

Developing wireless nanodevices and nanosystems is of critical importance for sensing, medical

science, environmental/infrastructure monitoring, defense technology and even personal

electronics. It is highly desirable for wireless devices to be self-powered without using battery.

Nanogenerators (NGs) have been developed based on piezoelectric, trioboelectric and pyroelectric

effects, aiming at building self-sufficient power sources for mico/nano-systems. The output of the

nanogenerators now is high enough to drive a wireless sensor system and charge a battery for a cell

phone, and they are becoming a vital technology for sustainable, independent and maintenance free

operation of micro/nano-systems and mobile/portable electronics. An energy conversion efficiency

of 55% and an output power density of 1200 W/m2 have been demonstrated. This technology is

now not only capable of driving portable electronics, but also has the potential for harvesting wind

and ocean wave energy for large-scale power application. This talk will focus on the updated

progress in NGs.

For Wurtzite and zinc blend structures that have non-central symmetry, such as ZnO, GaN and InN,

a piezoelectric potential (piezopotential) is created in the crystal by applying a strain. Such

piezopotential can serve as a “gate” voltage that can effectively tune/control the charge transport

across an interface/junction; electronics fabricated based on such a mechanism is coined as

piezotronics, with applications in force/pressure triggered/controlled electronic devices, sensors,

logic units and memory. By using the piezotronic effect, we show that the optoelectronc devices

fabricated using wurtzite materials can have superior performance as solar cell, photon detector

and light emitting diode. Piezotronics is likely to serve as a “mechanosensation” for directly

interfacing biomechanical action with silicon based technology and active flexible electronics. This

lecture will focus on the updated progress in the field and its expansion to 2D materials.

REFERENCES

[1] G. Zhu#, J. Chen#, T.J. Zhang, Q.S. Jing, Z.L. Wang* “Radial-arrayed rotary electrification for

high-performance triboelectric generator”, Nature Communication, 5 (2014) 3456.

[2] W.Z. Wu+, X.N. Wen

+, Z.L. Wang* “Pixel-addressable matrix of vertical-nanowire piezotronic

transistors for active/adaptive tactile imaging”, Science, 340 (2013) 952-957.

[3] C.F. Pan, L. Dong, G. Zhu, S. Niu, R. Yu, Q. Yang, Y. Liu, Z.L. Wang*

“Micrometer-resolution electroluminescence parallel-imaging of pressure distribution using

piezoelectric nanowire-LED array”, Nature Photonics, 7 (2013) 752-758.

[4] W.Z. Wu+, L. Wang

+, Y.L. Li, F. Zhang, L. Lin, S. Niu, D. Chenet, X. Zhang, Y. Hao, T.F.

Heinz, J. Hone, and Z.L. Wang “Piezoelectricity of single-atomic-layer MoS2 for energy

conversion and piezotronics", Nature, 2014, DOI: 10.1038/nature13792.



13

Electrodeposition of Nanowire Photonics

Reginald M. Penner University of California, Irvine, USA

ABSTRACT

The detection and emission of light from single crystalline semiconductor nanostructures has been

the subject of consideration interest, but polycrystalline nanomaterials have not be investigated in

this context. Here we describe the use of electrodeposited, polycrystalline (pc), cadmium selenide

(CdSe) in nanowires and nanogap device structures for photonics. The photodetectors and photon

emitters we describe are symmetrical metal-semiconductor-metal (M-S-M) devices prepared either

by the evaporation of two gold contacts onto linear arrays of pc-CdSe nanowires prepared using

lithographically patterned nanowires electrodeposition (LPNE), or by the electrodeposition of pc

-CdSe directly onto gold nanogaps. The properties of these devices for detecting light using

photoconductivity, and for generating light by electroluminescence, are described.



14

Materials for Sodium-ion batteries

Stefano Passerini1,2

1Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemistry I, Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany

2Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

The rapid growth of the worldwide demand of lithium for batteries (LIBs) can possibly lead to a

shortage of its reserves. Sodium batteries represent a promising alternative since they enable much

higher energy densities than other battery systems, with the exception of LIBs, and are not limited

by sodium availability.

Herein, we present our most recent developments on sodium battery materials.

Intercalation materials based on transition metal containing, layered manganese oxide are presently

under investigation. Initially we focussed our activity on Na0.45Ni0.22Co0.11Mn0.66O2 synthesized in

air by a co-precipitation method followed by a thermal treatment and a water-rinsing step. In

conventional, organic solvent-based electrolytes this material performs the reversible

electrochemical redox reaction of Mn4+

to Mn3+

leading to delivered capacities above 200 mAh g-1

for several tens of cycles. On continuing our efforts toward more environmental materials, new

Co- and Ni- free materials have been developped, which offers rather interesting performances.

We are also focusing our interest on anodic materials such as TiO2 and Sn-C composites. Tin

nanoparticles embedded in micron-sized carbonaceous particles, which successfully prevent the

aggregation of tin nanoparticles and buffer the occurring volume strain, show extremely reversible

(de-)alloying processes. Such active material presents lithium-ion specific capacities of around 440

and 390 mAh g-1

for applied specific currents of 0.1 and 0.2 A g-1

, respectively. In addition, this

material appears highly promising as anode material for sodium-ion batteries, presenting very

stable cycling performance and a specific capacity of more than 180 mAh g-1

.

KEYWORDS

Na-ion materials, Na-ion batteries, hard carbon, TiO2, Sn-C, NaNMC



15

Stimuli-Responsive Nanostructured Optical Materials

Yadong Yin

Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Nanostructured materials with optical properties responsive to external stimuli are gaining

increasing interests due to their intrigue potential applications in printing, sensing, signage,

security documents, displays, and other color related devices. In this presentation, I will first

discuss our recent progresses on the development of chemical approaches for the fabrication of

various nanostructured materials whose optical properties can be dynamically tuned by controlling

the spatial arrangement of the nanoscale building blocks. We also show that many novel optical

materials could be developed by manipulating the diffraction, refraction, birefringence, and

electronic resonances such as surface plasmon through controlling the interaction between light

and the nanostructures of dielectric and metallic materials. My discussion will then be focused on

our very recent development of a new color switching system based on reversible redox reactions

that could be initiated by photocatalytic response of TiO2 nanocrystals. With the assistance of

TiO2-based photocatalysts, UV light irradiation can effectively reduce the redox dyes and result in

rapid color change, while recoloration can be achieved by re-oxidizing the system with the

assistance of visible light irradiation or heating. The excellent performance of the new color

switching system promises their potential applications as attractive rewritable media to meet our

society’s increasing needs for sustainability and environmental conservation.

FIGURE

KEYWORDS

responsive, nanostructures, photonic crystals, optical properties, rewritable, assembly

REFERENCES

[1] Wang, M.; He, L.; Xu, W.; Wang, X.; Yin, Y. Magnetic assembly and field-tuning of

ellipsoidal-nanoparticle-based colloidal photonic crystals, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54,

7077–7081.

[2] Wang, W.; Ye, Y.; Feng, J.; Chi, M.; Guo, J. and Yin, Y. Enhanced Photoreversible Color

Switching of Redox Dyes Catalyzed by Ba-doped TiO2 Nanocrystals, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.

2015, 54, 1321-1326.

[3] He, L.; Janner, M.; Lu, Q.; Wang, M.; Ma, H. and Yin, Y. Magnetochromatic Thin-Film

Microplates, Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 86–92.

[4] Wang, W.; Xie, N.; He, L. and Yin, Y. Photocatalytic Color Switching of Redox Dyes for

Ink-Free Light-Printable Rewritable Paper, Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 5779.

[5] Wang, M.; He, L.; Zorba, S. and Yin, Y. Magnetically Actuated Liquid Crystals, Nano Lett.,

2014, 14, 3966–3971.

[6] Wang, M.; Gao, C.; He, L.; Lu, Q.; Zhang, J.; Tang, C.; Zorba, S.; Yin, Y. Magnetic Tuning of

Plasmonic Excitation of Gold Nanorods, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 15302-15305.

[7] He, L.; Wang, M.; Ge, J. and Yin, Y. Magnetic Assembly Route to Colloidal Responsive

Photonic Nanostructures, Acc. Chem. Res., 2012, 45, 1431–1440.



16

Nanostructures for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Joachim Maier Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Mobile ions enable a palette of applications in particular in the field of energy research and cannot

be rendered dispensable by using electrons. Typical examples are fuel cells and batteries. Here

nanoionics can have a substantial impact.

Not only can the introduction of interfaces and the variation of their spacing drastically vary

conductivities, also qualitative changes can be achieved: insulators can be turned into conductors,

electronic conductors into ion conductors, anion into cation conductors and interstitial into vacancy

conductors. The use of true size effects leads to the generation of artificial mesoscopic ion

conductors [1]

.

In addition to transport also storage is of direct relevance for electrochemical devices. The counter

part to the above mentioned conductivity anomalies, is a space charge storage anomaly. It is shown

that in composites Lithium as well as hydrogen can be accommodated by a “job-sharing”

mechanism even though none of the constituent phases may be able to do so [2,3]

.

Also in the absence of synergistic boundary effects, nanostructures and in particular integrated

electrochemical circuits based on nanostructures, enable an efficient transport/storage scenario as

desired in batteries. Besides emphasizing the underlying thermodynamic concepts a variety of

specific examples are given highlighting the technological value [4,5]

.

KEYWORDS

Nanostructuring, Ion Transport, Storage, Nanoionics, Electrodes, Electrolytes

REFERENCES

[1] J. Maier. Nanoionics: ion transport and electrochemical storage in confined systems. Nature

Materials 4(11), 805–815 (2005).

[2] J. Maier. Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Lithium Storage.Angewandte Chemie

International Edition 52(19), 4998–5026 (2013).

[3] L. J. Fu, C. C. Chen, D. Samuelis, and J. Maier. Thermodynamics of Lithium Storage at Abrupt

Junctions: Modeling and Experimental Evidence. Physical Review Letters 112, 208301(1–5)

(2014).

[4] J. Maier. Control parameters for electrochemically relevant materials: the significance of size

and complexity. Faraday Discussions 176, 17–29 (2014).

[5] C. Zhu, X. K. Mu, P. A. van Aken, Y. Yu, and J. Maier. Single-layered Ultrasmall Nanoplates

of MoS2 Embedded in Carbon Nanofibers with Excellent Electrochemical Performance for

Lithium and Sodium Storage. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 53(8), 2152–2156 (2014).

Abstracts of Keynote Invited Talks


17


Dualistic nature between solids and molecules: making nanoparticles by

microfluidic synthesis

J. Michael Köhler Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany

ABSTRACT

The application of microfluidic techniques for the synthesis of nanoparticles leads to high yields

and high homogeneities of simple nanoparticles and opens new strategies for making composed

nanomaterials, among them particles with special optical, electronic and catalytic properties [1,2].

The high product quality is achieved by fast and well controlled process steps of reactant mixing,

local heat transfer, nucleation, particle growth and particle assembling [3]. Dendritic plasmonic

particles (Au/Ag, Fig. 1a), polymer spheres on silver needles (Fig. 1b), dumbbell-like polymer

particles (Fig. 1c) or gold nanoparticles on ZnO crystals (Fig.1d) are typical examples. The

microfluidic preparation and homogeneous products allow new insights into the nature of grow

and assembling processes as well as in phenomena of particle conversion and spectral properties.

The findings speak for a dominant role of electrical charging and polarization during the formation

and interaction of particles. In particular, the chemical behavior and the optical properties of

shape-anisotropic nanoparticles show a pronounced Janus-faced character, which have to be

interpreted by a dualism between small solids and molecules.

FIGURE

Dendritic plasmonic particles (Au/Ag, a [4]), polymer spheres on silver needles (b [5]),

dumbbell-like polymer particles (c [6]), gold nanoparticles on ZnO crystals (d [3])

KEYWORDS

Microfluidics, droplets, nanoparticles, nucleation, symmetry breaking, assembling, electrical

charging, polarization

REFERENCES

[1] S. Marre et al.: Chem. Soc. Rev. 39 (2010), 1183-1202

[2] A. Knauer et al.: Nanotechnol. Rev. 3 (2014), 5-26

[3] S. Li et al.: Mat. Lett. 91 (2013), 103-106

[4] J.M. Köhler et al.: nanotechnol. Rev. 3 (2014), 553-568

[5] N. Visaveliya et al.: Part.Part. Syst, Charact. 30 (2013), 614-623

[6] N. Visaveliya et al.: Appl. Mat. Interfaces 6 (2014), 11254-11264



18

Metallic nanoantennas: emerging applications for high spatiotemporal

resolution light and electron microscopy and ultrafast optical switching

Christoph Lienau Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Metallic nanoantennas are able to localize far-field electromagnetic waves in volumes of a fraction

of their wavelength [1,2]. This opens up a plethora of new applications of metallic nanostructures

in a broad variety of fields, including high-efficiency optical sensing, photocatalysis, optical

switching and potentially even optical computing. All those applications rely on precise

high-resolution manufacturing techniques for these nanostructures.

Tradionally, standard tools for fabricating these structures with sub-20 nm feature sizes have been

Electron Beam Lithography or Ga-based Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Milling. Quite recently, we have

introduced a novel and promising technique, combining Ga- and He-ion based milling (HIM) for

the fabrication of gold bow-tie antennas with few-nanometer gap sizes [1] as can be seen in Fig.

1(a). Using polarization-sensitive Third-Harmonic (TH) spectroscopy, we have studied the

nonlinear optical properties of single HIM-antennas with sub-6-nm gaps and have compared them

with those produced by Gallium-based FIB. We find a pronounced enhancement of the nonlinear

efficiency and a greatly improved polarization contrast of the TH intensity for He-ion produced

antennas in comparison with state-of-the-art Ga-FIB antennas, as can be seen in Fig.1(b).

Fig. 1: (a) Helium-ion microscope image of the HIM-produced bow-tie antenna with a gap

distance of less than 6 nm. (b) TH intensity as a function of the excitation power for bow-ties

fabricated using HIM and Ga-FIB. (c) FEM simulations indicate that the field is localized mainly

in the gap region of the antenna structures.

This makes He-ion beam milling a highly attractive and promising new tool for the fabrication of

plasmonic nanoantennas with few-nanometer feature sizes. In my lecture, I will discuss several

emerging applications of such nanoantennas, specifically the demonstration of a novel type of

nanofocusing optical microscope offering coherent broadband spectroscopy with unprecedented

spatial resolution of 5 nm [2], the realization of an new type of point-project electron microscope

[3] and a novel approach for realizing ultrasensitive plasmonic switches and transistors with

femtosecond switching times [4].

REFERENCES [1] H. Kollmann et al., Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 4778.

[2] S. Schmidt et al., ACS Nano 2012, 6, 6040.

[3] J. Vogelsang et al., Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 4685.

[4] P. Vasa et al., Nature Photon. 2013, 7, 128.



19

Biotechnical Multiscale engineering, a method within the biolithomorphy

approach

Schober, A1; J. Hampl

1, Gebinoga, M

1; Fernekorn, U

1; F. Weise

1, P. Mai

1, Borowiec, J.,

Schlingloff, G1; Y. Lei

2, Singh, S

1.

1 Nano-biosystem Technology, Technical University of Ilmenau,

2 Three-Dimensional

Nanostructuring; Technical University of Ilmenau, [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Combining modern methods in microsystem technology with the latest advancements in the life

sciences, namely those in tissue engineering and advanced cell culturing, is promoting the

development of a promising toolbox for modeling biological systems. BioLithoMorphy or

BioLithoMorphie® stands for the assembly of biological materials with the help of lithographic

methods by transferring fabrication principles of micro- and nanotechnology for the construction

of biological 3 dimensional tissue like structures and their examination for application in the life

sciences.

The core problem to solve using this toolbox is the design of 3D artificial cellular environments,

both in fluidic systems and on solid substrates. The construction of 3D cell cultures on substrates

involves various fabrication techniques which use different polymers and biopolymers processed

by micromachining, chemical pattern guided cell cultivation, photopolymerization, and organ

printing methods. These methods together have the potential to create an artificial system with the

complete hierarchical, geometrical, and functional organization found in an actual biological

system[1,2]

. The term Biotechnical Multi-scale Engineering (BME) stands for the extraction of all

the basic physical scales and functional principles in a biological system and their application for

the technical modeling of those systems. The liver plays a crucial role for the metabolism of both

nutrients and drugs. Understanding and modelling of organomimetic cultivation substrates is a key

technology with high potential for future developments in pharmaceutical drug discovery and

tissue engineering.

In this contribution we will explain our approach to gain such complex cellular structures while

using chemical and mechanical modification of thin polymer foils. Due to folding and stacking of

this pre manufactured cell sheet layers it is possible to achieve complex cellular and fluidic entities

which are integrated in micro bioreactor systems.

With the combined application of different methods it is possible to mimic complex tissue like

structures of different organs. Preferable with the liver lobe we demonstrate the construction

schema of such a multilayer techniques.

FIGURE

Schematic of Biolithomorphie®: cell adhesion is guided by subtractive and additive methods

KEYWORDS

Biolithomorphy, micro- and nanosystems, systemintegration, surface chemistry

REFERENCES

[1] A. Schober, U. Fernekorn, S. Singh, G. Schlingloff, M. Gebinoga, J. Hampl, A. Williamson,

Eng. Life Sci. 2013, 13, 352–367

[2] Bhatia, S. N. & Ingber, D. E. Nat. Biotechnol. 32, 760-772, doi:10.1038/nbt.2989 (2014).




20

Potential applications of sophisticated 3D cell culture systems in stem cell and

developmental biology

Rüdiger Behr

Stem Cell Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

The structure and organization of mammals (animals which nurse their young with milk) is highly

complex and three-dimensional: they have a cranio-caudal axis, a dorso-ventral axis and a

left-right axis. However, mammals develop from an apparently apolar fertilized oocyte, which has

a diameter of only ~ 100 µm. In contrast, the postnatal mammalian body increased tremendously in

size, exhibits 3 axes and consists of numerous highly organized and polarized biological tissues

and organs.

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the pre-implantation embryo stage, which is

rotationally symmetrical, but lacks the dorso-ventral axis and the left-right axis. ES cells are able to

develop into all cell types of the adult body (which is called pluripotency), but lack the potential to

form an embryo with a crania-caudal and dorso-ventral structure (which is called totipotency). The

loss of totipotency of embryonic cells in culture is most likely due to the lack of positional

information present in naïve embryos.

A typical cell culture system in biomedical research is a flat plastic dish. This allows efficient

culture of specific cell types such as ES cells, fibroblasts (a common cell type present in

connective tissue) or pathological tumor cell lines. However, many specialized healthy cells,

including most cell types exerting the typical functions of the organs, cannot be cultured under

these standard cell culture conditions. The major problem of the 2D cell culture systems is most

likely the lack of a 3D structural and functional niche which provides essential support for the

normal development and function of cells.

The presentation illustrates examples of biological conditions in which sophisticated 3-dimensional

cell culture systems providing positional cues may be very useful and propelling for stem cell

research and in vitro developmental biology.

KEYWORDS

Embryo, Stem cell, 3D cell culture system, Microfluidic platform, Lab-on-a-chip application



21

3D micro- and nanostructure of the liver: functional relevance and possibilities

as well as limitations of nanoengineering

Jan Georg Hengstler

IfADo – Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund

Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Liver function and toxicity depend on the microarchitecture of the organ. Recently, 3D in vitro

systems or ‘microtissues’ have been established which recapitulate some aspects of the organ. After

integration into microfluidic hanging drop networks, micro-tissues have been used to analyze

interactions between different tissues. Nevertheless, the currently used in vitro systems differ from

real organs concerning their micro- and nanostructure. Based on confocal and intravital

multiphoton imaging the most critical differences will be presented and practical consequences and

challenges for nanoengineering of improved ‘artificial livers’ will be discussed.

Figure 1: Reconstructed liver lobule, the smallest functional unit of the liver.



22

Magnetism at the Nanometre Scale

Jörg Kröger Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany

[email protected]

ABSTRACT The ongoing miniaturization of magnetic storage devices calls for investigations into fundamental

properties of magnetic structures at the atomic scale. To this end spin-resolved scanning tunnelling

microscopy is an appropriate tool. The talk will show that tips coated with thin magnetic films

enable imaging with magnetic contrast and spectroscopy with spin resolution. Magnetoresistive

effects at the ultimate size limit will be explored in terms of the anisotropic magnetoresistance in

the tunnelling and ballistic transport range. The talk concludes with demonstrating that magnetic

single-atom contacts may serve as a sensitive probe for exchange interactions.

FIGURE

Spin-resolved STM image of two Fe clusters on a Fe wetting layer on W(110). The different

apparent heights are due to different magnetization directions of the clusters with respect to the

magnetic moment of the Cr tip apex atom. The sketch shows the principle of the experimental

setup.

KEYWORDS

Spin-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy, single-atom contacts, tunnelling

and ballistic anisotropic magnetoresistance, exchange interaction



23

3D Carbon Nanotubes and Metal Chalcogenides: Synthesis, Alignment and

Functional Properties

Jörg Schneider

Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische

und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Str.12, 64287 Darmstadt

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

In this talk I will cover two different areas of our current research interests in the field of carbon

nanotubes and metal oxides and chalcogenides. Carbon Nanotubes are of ongoing and still

increasing interest over the last 20 years since their undisbuteable first characterization by Ijima [1].

In the last ten year or so the community has witnessed an increasing interest in the synthesis and

use of spatially oriented, ultradense vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs) spured by the seminal

work of the groups of Hata [2] and others [3]. Our interest in that area is triggered by the fact that

we are interested to incorporate such structures into microsized arrangements in order to use those

materials as catalyst supports, pressure and vibration sensors or dry adhesive microstructures. In

the first part of the talk I will introduce the synthesis, growth process and alignment of VACNTs as

well as studies towards the properties of spatially structured VACNTs as micro reactors [4], dry

adhesive, as pressure and sound sensors as well growth subtrates for cells [5,6,7] .

The second part is devoted to inorganic metal chalcogenide (chalcogenides = O, S, Se)

nanomaterials. Especially solution based molecular routes to such materials are promising since

they allow an entry into flexible substrate deposition. One of our interests in that area stems from

their intriguing electronic properties as transparent conducting oxides (TCO) [8]. Mono and mixed

metal phase oxidic materials have already found widespread interest and application as inorganic

transparent ceramic materials e.g. for field effect transistors (FET) or transparent electrodes while

those bearing late transition metals and heavier chalcogenides like sulfur or selenium show high

potential as solar cell absorber materials. Their electronic and optical properties can thus be fine

tuned from dielectric over semiconducting to conducting behaviour thus making them ideal

materials for printed electronics.

KEYWORDS

Carbon nanotubes; metal chlacogenides, alignment, functional properties

REFERENCES

[1] S. Iijima, Nature (1991), 354, 56-58

[2] K. Hata, D.N. Futaba, K. Mizuno, T. Namai, M. Yumura, S. Iijima, Science (2004), 306,

1362-1364

[3] for a most comprehensive review see: H. Chen, A. Roy, J.-B. Baek, L. Zhu, J. Qu, L. Dai,

Mater. Sci. Eng. Rep., (2010), 70, 63-91

[4] A. Popp, J.J. Schneider, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., (2008), 47, 8958-8960

[5] 5) R. K. Joshi, J. J. Schneider, Chem. Soc. Rev. (2012), 41 (15), 5285-5312

[6] O. Yilmazoglu, A. Popp, D. Pavlidis, J. J. Schneider, D. Garth, F. Schüttler, G. Battenberg,

Nanotechnology (2012), 23, 085501

[7] C. Nick, S. Yadav, R. Joshi, J.J. Schneider, C. Thielemann, Appl. Phys. Lett. (2015), 107,

01310

[8] S. Sanctis, R.W. Hoffmann, J. J. Schneider, RSC Adv. (2013), 3, 20071-20076.

Abstracts of Talks in Scientific Session of 3D Nanostructuring Group


24


Template-realized Nanostructures for High-performance Devices

Yong Lei Fachgebiet 3D-Nanostrukturierung, Institut für Physik & Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien (IMN

MacroNano®), Technische Universität Ilmenau,

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

The realization of functional 3D and 1D nanostructures with high structural controllability presents

an important task for nanotechnology research. To address this challenging point, nanostructuring

techniques using different nano-templates with efficient and cost-effective fabrication processes

have been developed in our group. Using these techniques, different nanostructures are achieved

with advantageous features including perfect regularity of large-scale 3D and 1D nanostructure

arrays, high density, scalable and parallel fabrication processes, and cost-effectiveness,[1-6]

which

are highly desirable for device applications. More importantly, the template-realized

nanostructures have high structural controllability, which makes these nanostructures good systems

for investigating and optimizing their physical properties. Using these well-defined nanostructures,

we have realized different high-performance energy-related devices, mainly including sodium-ion

batteries, [7-10]

supercapacitors[11-14]

and solar water splitting devices[15-16]

. These achievements

indicate the high potential and importance of the template-based nanostructuring techniques both

for basic research and practical device applications.

REFERENCES:

[1] Lei Y.*, Yang S., Wu M., Wilde G., Chemical Society Reviews, 40, 1247, 2011.

[2] Zhao H.P., Zhou M., Wen L.Y., Lei Y.*, Nano Energy, 13, 790, 2015.

[3] Wen L.Y., Wang Z.J., Mi Y., Xu R., Yu S.H.*, Lei Y.*, Small, in press, 2015.

[4] Zhan Z., Lei Y.*, ACS Nano, 8, 3862, 2014.

[5] Zhan Z.B., Xu R., Mi Y., Zhao H.P., Lei Y.*, ACS Nano, 9, 4583, 2015.

[6] Al-Haddad A., Zhan Z., Wang C.L., Tarish S., Vellacheria R., Lei Y.*, ACS Nano, in press, 2015.

[7] Liang L.Y., Xu Y., Wang C.L., Lei Y.* et al., Energy & Environmental Science, in press, 2015.

[8] Xu Y., Zhou M., Wang X., Wang C.L., Lei Y.* et al., Angewandte Chemie, in press, 2015.

[9] Xu Y., Zhou M., Wen L.Y., Wang C.L., Zhao H.P., Mi Y., Liang L.Y., Fu Q., Wu M.H., Lei Y.*,

Chemistry of materials, 27, 4274, 2015.

[10] Wang C.L., Xu Y., Lei Y.* et al., Journal of the American Chemical Society, 137, 3124, 2015.

[11] Zhao H.P., Wang C.L., Vellacheri R., Lei Y.* et al., Advanced Materials, 26, 7654, 2014.

[12] Grote F., Yu Z.Y., Wang J.L., Yu S.H.*, Lei Y.*, Small, in press, 2015.

[13] Wen L.Y., Mi Y., Wang C.L., Zhao H.P., Grote F., Lei Y.* et al., Small, 10, 3162, 2014.

[14] Grote F., Lei Y.*, Nano Energy, 10, 63, 2014.

[15] Cao D.W., Wang Z.,

Nasori, Wen L.Y., Mi Y., Lei Y.*, Angewandte Chemie, 53, 11027, 2014.

[16] M. Zhou, J. Bao, Y. Xu, J. Zhang, J. Xie, Y. Lei *, Y. Xie* et al., ACS Nano, 2014, 8, 7088.



25

3D nanostructures, new materials and smart devices improving electrochemical

energy storage in supercapacitors

Fabian Grote, Huaping Zhao, Ranjith Vellacheri, Yong Lei*

Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Physics & IMN MacroNano® (ZIK), Prof.

Schmidt-Str. 26, 98693 Ilmenau (Germany)

[email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The ongoing technological advances in areas such as electric mobility, consumer electronics, and

energy harvesting set new demands for energy storage systems like supercapacitors. The next

generation of high performance devices requires a strongly enhanced electrochemical performance

as well as the implementation of new functions like flexibility and optical modulation. A key to

achieve these aims is based on tailor made three-dimensional functional nanostructures and new

active materials that introduce novel properties. Here, we report (i) the synthesis and

characterization of self-supported and carbon coated TiN nanotube arrays for enhanced cycling

stability; (ii) an innovative nanopore array that is synthesized by the replication of an anodic

aluminum oxide template to improve the active material mass loading; (iii) Self-stacked r-GO

nanosheets coated with Co-Ni-hydroxide for flexible electrochromic supercapacitors; and (iv) the

fabrication of a cable-type micro-supercapacitor with high areal capacitance and instantaneous

power by utilizing 3D electrodes based on TiO2 nanotube arrays. The micro-supercapacitor shows

nearly rectangular shaped cyclic voltammogram even at an ultra-high scan rate of 200 V / s.

FIGURE

REFERENCES

[1] F. Grote, H. Zhao, Y. Lei J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 3465.

[2] H. Zhao, C. Wang, R. Vellacheri, M. Zhou., Y. Xu, Q. Fu, M. Wu, F. Grote, Y. Lei Adv. Mater.

2014, 26,7654-7659

[3] F. Grote, Z.-Y. Yu, J.-L. Wang, S.-H. Yu, Y. Lei Small 2015 DOI:10.1002/smll.201501037



26

Electrode and Material Design for Sodium Lon Batteries

Yang Xu, Chengliang Wang, Liying Liang, Min Zhou, Yong Lei*

Institute for Physics and IMN MacroNano® (ZIK), Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693

Ilmenau, Germany

Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted rapidly growing attention due to the low cost of Na

associated with its natural abundance in both earth and ocean and decent energy density bestowed

by its similar chemical nature to lithium. Many electrode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs)

have been investigated as drop-in replacement for SIBs because of the chemical similarity, but

their deficient intrinsic properties often lead to unsatisfactory battery performances, for which the

larger size of Na-ion relative to Li-ion is generally believed to be responsible. This in turn

motivates us to explore advanced electrode and material design. In this talk, we present a series of

high-performance SIB anode materials that includes both inorganic and organic materials. The

observed electrochemical properties can be attributed to the advanced electrode and material

designs. Using the highly ordered nanoarrays fabricated by anodic aluminum oxide (AAO)

templates, crucial features, such as high ion accessibility, fast electron transportation and great

electrode integrity, can be obtained simultaneously. Employing the extended π-conjugated system,

fast-charge and discharge ability can be realized. Additionally, anodes combining both electrode

and material design will also be demonstrated by taking polystyrene (PS) spheres as template.

FIGURE

KEYWORDS

Sodium ion batteries, anodes, cyclability, rate capability, electrode and material design

REFERENCES

[1] Y. Xu, M. Zhou, X. Wang, C. L. Wang, L. Y. Liang, F. Grote, M. H. Wu, Y. Mi, Y. Lei, Angew.

Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 8768.

[2] Y. Xu, M. Zhou, L. Y. Wen, C. L. Wang, H. P. Zhao, Y. Mi, L. Y. Liang, Q. Fu, M. H. Wu, Y.

Lei, Chem. Mater. 2015, 27, 4274.

[3] C. L. Wang, Y. Xu, Y. G. Fang, M. Zhou, L. Y. Liang, S. Singh, H. P. Zhao, A. Schober, Y. Lei,

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 3124.

[4] L. Y. Liang, Y. Xu, C. L. Wang, L. Y. Wen, Y. G. Fang, Y. Mi, M. Zhou, H. P. Zhao, Y. Lei,

Energy Environ. Sci.2015, DOI:10.1039/C5EE00878F.



27

Building Ordered Binary Nanostructures with Pre-patterned Alumina Template

Liaoyong Wen, Rui Xu＋, Yan Mi

＋, Yong Lei*

Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano* (ZIK), Institute for Physics and IMN MacroNano* (ZIK),

Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany…

＋Contributed equally


ABSTRACT

We develop a cost-effective, high-throughput technique based on AAO template to realize binary

nanostructure arrays, in which both the ‘nanostructure’ and the ‘arrays’ can be freely manipulated

and utilized. The core feature of binary nanostructure arrays is originated from binary-pore

template that contains square pore array and round pore array in one matrix, and the profile of each

pore array, such as the pore size and morphology can be independently adjusted to a wide range

with a serial of pore widening, selective etching, or the combination of both processes. Utilizing

the well-established growth or deposition techniques, we are able to create high yields of

designable binary (nanodot, nanowire, nanotube or even complex) nanostructure arrays that

contain metallic, semiconducting, organic materials. In additional, under the same mechanism, the

evolution of the template from single-pore array to multiple (ternary and quadruple)-pore array is

also being successfully demonstrated. The versatility of our technique is highly appreciable to

create multi- or superior-functionalized macroscopic and nanoscopic devices that extreme difficult,

if not impossible, to be accessed by any existing techniques or methods.

FIGURE

KEYWORDS

AAO template, Binary-pore template, Binary nanostructure arrays

REFERENCE

[1] Wen, L.; Mi, Y.; Wang, C.; Fang, Y.; Grote, F.; Zhao, H.; Zhou, M.; Lei, Y. Small 2014, 10,

3162-3168.

[2] Zhao, H. P.; Wang, C. L.; Vellacheri, R.; Zhou, M.; Xu, Y.; Fu, Q.; Wu, M. H.; Grote, F. B.;

Lei, Y. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 7654-7659

[3] Xu, Y.; Zhou, M.; Wen, L.; Wang, C.; Zhao, H.; Mi, Y.; Liang, L.; Fu, Q.; Wu, M.; Lei, Y.

Chem. Mater. 2015, 27, 4274-4280.

[4] Wen, L.; Wang, Z.; Mi, Y.; Xu, R.; Yu, S.-H.; Lei, Y. Small 2015, 11, 3408-3428.

A



28

Template-directed Nanoengineering for Solar Water Splitting

Min Zhou, Dawei Cao, Zhijie Wang, and Yong Lei*

Institute for Physics & IMN MacroNano® (ZIK), Technical University of Ilmenau, Prof.

Schmidt-Str. 26, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany

Contact: [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Highly ordered nanostructures are advantageous in offering huge surface area, favorable transport

properties, altered physical properties, and additional effects resulting from the nanoscale features,

and have been extensively studied for solar water splitting. Template-directed nano-architectured

electrodes have been fabricated by using ultrathin alumina membranes (UTAMs) and polystyrene

(PS) spheres as templates and applied to construct water splitting devices. Having inherited the

geometrical characteristics of the templates, the resulting devices demonstrate that the obtained

nanoarchitectures benefit the application. For example, innovative design of three-dimensional

macro-mesoporous Mo:BiVO4 architecture was realized through a colloidal crystal template

method, leading to superior photocurrent densities via morphology optimization. Au particle array

together with ferroelectric materials was realized by a cost-effective nonlithographic route,

resulting in enhanced water splitting performance through surface plasmon resonance and

controllable charge transfer/transport. Overall, template-directed nanoengineering shows excellent

promising to make progress in solar energy-related applications.

FIGURE

KEYWORDS

Solar water splitting, template, nanoengineering, ferroelectric photoelectrode

REFERENCES

[1] M. Zhou, J. Bao Y. Xu, J.J. Zhang, J.F. Xie, M.L. Guan, C.L. Wang, L.Y. Wen, Y. Lei*, Y.

Xie*. Photoelectrodes Based Upon Mo:BiVO4 Inverse Opals for Photoelectrochemical Water

Splitting. ACS Nano 2014, 8 (7), 7088.

[2] D.W. Cao+, Z.J. Wang+., Nasori, L.Y. Wen, Y. Mi, Y. Lei*. Switchable Charge-Transfer in

the Photoelectrochemical Energy-Conversion Process of Ferroelectric BiFeO3 Photoelectrodes.

Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2014, 126, 11207.



29

Highly Controllable Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Property Based on the

Improved Ultrathin Alumina Membrane (UTAM) Technique

Zhibing Zhan, Ahmed Al-Haddad, Rui Xu, Yan Mi, Huaping Zhao and Yong Lei*



[email protected]

ABSTRACT

A surface nano-patterning approach in fabricating ordered nanostructures is proposed, in which

ultra-thin anodic alumina membranes (UTAMs) are used as fabrication masks. Using this method,

highly ordered nanostructure arrays with tunable dimensions, periods and symmetry in the range of

wafer scale can be fabricated on any substrate in a massive parallel way. The problems of

nonuniform pores in alumina templates and contamination during sample preparation are totally

addressed. Based on our improvements in this method, we reveal the variation of all surface

plasmon resonance (SPR) factors (position, intensity, width and mode) with nanostructural

parameters (dimensions, heights, periods, symmetry, uniformity, and so on). The plasmonic

applications in solar energy conversion, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are also

discussed. This simple but efficient method provides a cost-effective platform for the fabrication of

perfectly ordered nanostructures on substrates for various applications in nanotechnology

especially for future designing plasmonic metallic nanostructures, which is significant for SPR

applications.

KEYWORDS: ultrathin alumina membrane, non-lithographic route, surface plasmon resonance,

solar energy conversion, surface enhanced Raman scattering.

REFERENCES

[1] Zhan, Z.; Lei, Y. Sub-100-nm Nanoparticle Arrays with Perfect Ordering and Tunable and

Uniform Dimensions Fabricated by Combining Nanoimprinting with Ultrathin Alumina

Membrane Technique. ACS Nano 2014, 8, 3862-3868.

[2] Zhan, Z.; Xu, R.; Mi, Y.; Zhao, H.; Lei, Y. Highly Controllable Surface Plasmon Resonance

Property by Heights of Ordered Nanoparticle Arrays Fabricated via a Nonlithographic Route. ACS

Nano 2015, 9, 4583-4590.

[3] Fu, Q.; Zhan, Z.; Dou, J.; Zheng, X.; Xu, R.; Wu, M.; Lei, Y. Highly Reproducible and

Sensitive SERS Substrates with Ag Inter-Nanoparticle Gaps of 5 nm Fabricated by Ultrathin

Aluminum Mask Technique. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7,13322–13328.

[4] Ahmed Al-Haddad et al. Facile Transferring of Wafer-Scale Ultrathin Alumina Membranes

onto Substrates for Nanostructure Patterning. ACS Nano 2015 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03789

Abstracts of Contibuted Talks and Posters


30

Abstracts of Contributed Talks and Posters

Highly Ordered 3D Nanostructure Arrays with Improved Electrochemical

Performance for Sodium-ion Battery Anodes

Liying Liang, Yang Xu, Yong Lei*

Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano® (ZIK), Technische Universität Ilmenau, Prof.-Schmidt-Str.

26, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany. [email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Na-ion batteries are a potential substitute to Li-ion batteries for energy storage devices. However,

the poor electrochemical performance, especially capacity and rate capability are the major

bottlenecks to future development. Here highly ordered 3D nanostructure arrays have been

prepared by the nanoimprinted AAO templating technique. In return for this electrode design, high

ion accessibility, fast electron transport, and strong electrode integrity are presented. Used as

additive- and binder-free anode for Na-ion batteries, the electrochemical performances are greatly

enhanced.

FIGURE

KEYWORDS

Highly ordered 3D nanostructure arrays; Nanoimprinted AAO templates; Na-ion batteries; Anode.

REFERENCES

[1] L.Y. Liang, Y. Xu, C. L. Wang, L. Y. Wen, Y. G. Fang, Y. Mi, M. Zhou, H. P. Zhao, Y. Lei*,

Energy Environ. Sci., 2015, DOI: 10.1039/C5EE00878F.

[2] Y. Xu, M. Zhou, L. Wen, C. Wang, H. Zhao, Y. Mi, L. Liang, Q. Fu, M. Wu and Y. Lei*,

Chem. Mater., 2015, 27, 4274-4280.



31

Sonication-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of hierarchical SnO2 hollow

microspheres for high-performance anode materials in lithium-ion batteries

Huating Hua, Liming Wu

b,c, Paul Gebhardt

a, Stefano Passerini

b,c, Dominik Eder

a,

a Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany.

b Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.c Karlsruher Institute of

Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany


ABSTRACT

We describe a simple and versatile, template- and additive-free route for the synthesis of highly

porous SnO2 HHMSs with considerably enhanced electrochemical properties. This process involves

a crucial ultrasonic pre-treatment of an aqueous SnCl2 solution, followed by Ostwald “inside-out”

ripening upon hydrothermal processing. The resulting SnO2 materials resemble a “chestnut cupule”

structure involving hollow spheres of uniform thickness and very thin petal-like nanosheets grown

perpendicularly on the spheres surface. This unique morphology provides a large accessible active

surface area and high porosity as well as the potential to accommodate large volume changes during

electrochemical reactions. Consequently, these SnO2 HHMSs exhibit a higher capacity and more

excellent cycling performance and rate capability as anode materials for lithium ion batteries

compared with conventional SnO2 materials. In particular, they offer reversible lithium storage

capacity of 659 mA h g-1

after 50 cycles with corresponding columbic efficiency as high as 98%. The

SnO2 HHMSs based electrode also displayed an excellent high-rate performance with reversible

lithium storage capacities of about 730 mA h g -1

and 463 mA h g -1

at 1C and 5C rates, respectively.

FIGURE

KEYWORDS Hierarchical, Hollow microspheres, SnO2, Anode, Lithium ions batteries

REFERENCES

[1] X. W. Lou, et.al., Advanced Materials, 2006, 18, 2325-2329.

[2] M.-S. Park, et.al., Angewandte Chemie, 2007, 119, 764-767.

[3] H. Wang, et.al., Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2012, 22, 2140-2148.




32

Templates for Nanostructuring Functional Materials Toward Potential Device

Applications

Ahmed Al-Haddad,1,2

Huaping Zhao,1 Zhibing Zhan,

1 Liaoyong Wen,

1 Min Zhou,

1 Yong Lei

1,*

1 Fachgebiet 3D-Nanostrukturierung, Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano® (ZIK), Technische

Universität Ilmenau; 2

Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Al-Mustansiryah,

Baghdad, Iraq


ABSTRACT

Template-directed construction just offers a convenient and versatile approach to produce

nanostructures for high-performance device applications. This method could be used to produce

nanostructure arrays of many materials in large scale because of its easiness and maneuverability,

which is important for practical applications of nanostructures. In addition, the obtained

nanostructures have controllable morphological features in nanoscale dimensions, including shape,

size, interspace, etc. The flexible structural controllability is highly beneficial for the device

performance optimization. In our group, we especially focus on the fabrication and utilization of

anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template and polystyrene sphere (PS) template for nanostructuring

functional materials.

FIGURE

KEYWORDS

Anodic Aluminum Oxide, Ultrathin Alumina Membrane, Polystyrene Sphere, Binary-Pore

Template

REFERENCES

[1] Y. Lei, S. Yang, M. Wu, G. Wilde, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2011, 40, 1247-1258.

[2] Y. Lei, W. Cai, G. Wilde, Prog. Mater. Sci., 2007, 52, 465.

[3] Z. Zhan and Y. Lei, ACS Nano, 2014, 8, 3862-3868.

[4] L. Wen, Y. Mi, C. Wang, Y. Fang, F. Grote, H. Zhao, M. Zhou, Y. Lei, Small, 2014, 10,

3162-3169.

[5] H. Zhao, M. Zhou, L. Wen, Y. Lei, Nano Energy, 2015, 13, 790-813.

[6] M. Zhou, J. Bao, Y. Xu, J. Zhang, J. Xie, M Guan,. C. Wang, L. Wen, Y. Lei, Y. Xie, ACS

Nano, 2014, 8, 7088-7098.

[7] A. Al-Haddad, Z. Zhan, C. Wang, S. Tarish, R. Vellacheria, Y. Lei, ACS Nano, 2015, DOI:

10.1021/acsnano.5b03789.



33

Enhanced Charge Injection through Nanostructured Electrodes for Organic

Field Effect Transistors

Deyang Ji, Yandong Wang, Lifeng Chi and Harald Fuchs*

Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Munster, Germany; Physikalisches

Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Munster, Germany

[email protected]; ji @uni-muenster.de

ABSTRACT

Nanosphere lithography was used to process nanopore-structured electrodes, which was applied

into the fabrication of bottom-gate bottom-contact (BGBC) configuration OFETs to serve as

source/drain elecrodes. The introduction of this nanopore-structure electrode facilitates the forming

of nanopore-structure pentacene layers with small grain boundaries at the electrode interface, and

then reduces the contact resistance, contact-induces the growth of pentacene and accordingly

improves the mobility of charge carriers in the OFETs about 20 times as compared with results in

literature through enhancing the charge carrier injection. It is believed that this structure of

electrode is a valuable approach for improving organic filed effect transistors.

FIGURE

KEYWORDS

Charge injection, nanopore structure, nanospheres lithography, organic filed effect transistors

REFERENCES

[1] D. Ji, Y. Wang, L. Chi, H. Fuchs, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 3855-3859.

[2] B. Kang, M. Jang, Y. Chung, H. Kim, S. K. Kwak, J. H. Ok, K. Cho, Nat. Commun. 2014, 5,

4752.




34

Extended π‑Conjugated System for Fast-Charge and -Discharge Sodium-Ion

Batteries

Chengliang Wang1, Yang Xu

1, Yaoguo Fang

1, Min Zhou

1, Liying Liang

1, Sukhdeep Singh

2, Huaping

Zhao1, Andreas Schober

2 and Yong Lei*

,1

1Institute for Physics & IMN MacroNano® (ZIK),

2Institute for Chemistry and Bio-Technique &

IMN MacroNano® (ZIK), Technical University of Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany

Contact: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Organic Na-ion batteries (SIBs) are potential alternatives of current commercial inorganic Li-ion

batteries for portable electronics (especially wearable electronics) because of their low cost and

flexibility, making them possible to meet the future flexible and large-scale requirements. However,

only a few organic SIBs have been reported so far and most of them either were tested in a very slow

rate or suffered significant performance degradation when cycled under high rate. Here, we are

focusing on the molecular design for improving the battery performance and addressing the current

challenge of fast-charge and -discharge. Through reasonable molecular design strategy, we

demonstrate that the extension of the -conjugated system is an efficient way to improve the high

rate performance, leading to much enhanced capacity and cycleability with full recovery even after

cycled under current density as high as 10 A g-1

.

FIGURE

KEYWORDS

-conjugated system; organic materials, fast-charge, anodes, sodium ion batteries

REFERENCES

[1] C. Wang, Y. Xu, Y. Fang, M. Zhou, L. Liang, S. Singh, H. Zhao, A. Schober, Y. Lei*. J. Am.

Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 3124.

[2] L. Liang, Y. Xu, C. Wang, L. Wen, Y. Fang, Y. Mi, M. Zhou, H. Zhao, Y. Lei*. Energy

Environ. Sci. 2015, DOI: 10.1039/C5EE00878F.

[3] Y. Xu, M. Zhou, X. Wang, C. Wang, L. Liang, F. Grote, M. Wu, Y. Mi, Y. Lei*. Angew. Chem.

Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 8768.

[4] C. Wang, H. Dong, W. Hu*, Y. Liu, D. Zhu. Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 2208.

[5] C. Wang, Z. Wei, Q. Meng, H. Zhao, W. Xu, H. Li*, W. Hu

*. Org. Electron. 2010, 11, 544.




35

Doping profile analysis of GaAs nanowires via multi-probe-STM

Matthias Steidl1, Stefan Korte

2, Weihong Zhao

1, Werner Prost

3, Peter Kleinschmidt

1, Bert

Voigtländer2 and Thomas Hannappel

3

1 Technische Universität Ilmenau, Institut für Physik, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 5, 98684 Ilmenau,

Germany, 2 Forschungszentrum Jülich, Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße,

52428 Jülich, Germany; 3 Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lehrstuhl für

Halbleitertechnik/Halbleitertechnologie, Lotharstraße, 47057 Duisburg, Germany Contact:

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Nanowires (NWs) are promising candidates as components of future third generation photovoltaic

devices [1]. For achieving the desired optoelectronic properties, complete control over the dopant

distribution during growth is essential. Investigations of electrical properties enable direct

conclusions on the doping levels in the NWs. We have grown undoped and p-type Zn-doped

GaAs-NWs on GaP(111)B using the Au-assisted vapor-liquid-solid growth mode in a metal-organic

vapor phase apparatus with different growth procedures. For the electrical characterization we

applied a multitip STM as a nanoprober and conducted four-point probe measurements on single

free-standing NWs allowing us to measure a resistance profile over nearly the complete length of a

NW [2].

Using a transport model that considers a space charge region at the wire surface [3] the carrier

concentrations could be calculated from resistance measurements and geometrical data. For the

upper part of the Zn-doped NW, a carrier concentration of ptop = 8∙1018

cm-3

was found. Near the base

of the nanowire (1.2 µm), however, the carrier concentration was so low that its whole volume was

depleted, and thus only an upper boundary for the carrier concentration of pbottom < 5∙1017

cm-3

could

be calculated. In this case the remaining conductivity is likely to originate entirely from the surface.

Measurements on an intrinsic GaAs NW with almost the same diameter support this assumption as

they reveal resistances on the same order of magnitude.

FIG. 1: (a) SEM image of a freestanding GaAs NW during a 4-point-probe measurement applying

three STM tips and the substrate as contacts. (b) Scheme of the measurement setup.

REFERENCE [1] M. Borgström et al., IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 17 (2011), 1050

[2] S. Korte et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 (2013), 143104

[3] A. Chia and R. LaPierre, Journal of Applied Physics. 112 (2012), 063705




36

Graphene-based supercapacitors for smart and efficient energy storage

Fabian Grote, Ranjith Vellacheri, Yong Lei*

Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Physics & IMN MacroNano® (ZIK), Prof.

Schmidt-Str. 26, 98693 Ilmenau (Germany)


ABSTRACT

Supercapacitors or ultracapacitors have matured considerably over the last decade and emerged

with the potential to expedite major advances in energy storage. Many of the future energy storage

systems for smart electronic devices and electric vehicles require supercapacitors with

multi-functional characteristics or extremely good energy storage capabilities at various operating

conditions. To meet the forthcoming challenges, we demonstrate here the successful development

of self-stacked reduced graphene oxide nanosheets coated with Cobalt–Nickel Hydroxide for

flexible electrochromic supercapacitors and also the fabrication of a graphene-based supercapacitor

for effective energy storage at various environmental temperatures.

FIGURE

REFERENCES

[1] Grote, F., Yu, Z.-Y., Wang, J.-L., Yu, S.-H., Lei, Y., Small (2015) DOI:

10.1002/smll.201501037.

[2] Vellacheri, R., Al-Haddad, A., Zhao, H., Wang, W., Wang, C. & Lei, Y. Nano Energy, 8 (2014)

231–237.



37

Carbon Nitride Electrodes: Growth and Optoelectronics Applications

Jingsan Xu

1, Thomas Brenner

2, Dieter Neher

2, Menny Shalom

1 and Markus Antonietti

1

1Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany;

2Institute of Physics,

Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4) materials demonstrate high activity in heterogeneous catalysis,

photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis as a metal-free semiconductor.1 For optoelectronic applications

such as solar cells and LED, uniform and homogeneous C3N4 films must be established. However,

due to the large particle size of C3N4 along with its insolubility in most solvents, the common

deposition methods (spin coating and screen printing) result in poor C3N4 coverage and weak

adhesion on commonly used substrates. Consequently, it is essential to find a new and simple

synthetic pathway to grow high-quality C3N4 thin films on required substrates for further

applications.

Herein, we will report a general, liquid-mediated pathway for the growth of continuous polymeric

carbon C3N4 thin films. The deposition method consists of the use of supramolecular complexes

which transform to liquid state before direct thermal condensation to C3N4 solid films. The

resulting films exhibit continuous, porous C3N4 networks on various substrates (Figure 1).

Moreover, the optical absorption can be easily tuned to cover the solar spectrum by the insertion of

an additional molecule into the starting complex. The strength of the deposition method is

demonstrated by using the C3N4 layer the electron-acceptor in organic solar cells and emissive

layer in organic light-emitting diodes.2,3

The easy, safe and direct synthesis of carbon nitride in a

continuous layered architecture on different functional substrates opens new possibilities for the

fabrication of many energy-related devices.

Figure 1. Left panel: Top-view SEM pictures of C3N4 films grown on different substrates, with

optical absorption tunable; right panel: TEM image of C3N4 layers scratched from the substrate.

KEYWORD:

thin film growth, metal-free semiconductor, optoelectronics, energy conversion

REFERENCE

[1] Thomas, A.; Fischer, A.; Goettmann, F.; Antonietti, M.; Muller, J.-O.; Schlogl, R.; Carlsson, J.

M. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2008, 18, 4893.

[2] Xu, J.; Brenner, T. J. K.; Chabanne, L.; Neher, D.; Antonietti, M.; Shalom, M. Journal of the

American Chemical Society 2014, 136, 13486.

[3] Xu, J.; Shalom, M.; Piersimoni, F.; Antonietti, M.; Neher, D.; Brenner, T. J. K. Advanced

Optical Materials 2015, in press




38

Enhancement of Sodium Ion Battery Performance Enabled by Oxygen

Vacancies

Yang Xu1, Min Zhou

1, Xin Wang

2, Chengliang Wang

1, Liying Liang

1, Fabian Grote

1, Minghong

Wu2, Yan Mi

1, and Yong Lei

1,2,*

1Institute für Physics & IMN MacroNano (ZIK), Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau,

Germany. 2Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environment and Chemical

Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China.


ABSTRACT

The utilization of oxygen vacancies (OVs) in sodium ion batteries (SIBs) is expected to enhance

performance, but as yet it has rarely been reported. Taking the MoO3-x nanosheet anode as an

example, for the first time we demonstrate the benefits of OVs on SIB performance. Moreover, the

benefits at deep-discharge conditions can be further promoted by an ultrathin Al2O3 coating. A series

of measurements show that the OVs increase the electric conductivity and Na-ion diffusion

coefficient, and the promotion from ultrathin coating lies in the effective reduction of

cycling-induced solid-electrolyte interphase. The coated nanosheets exhibited high reversible

capacity and great rate capability with the capacities of 283.9 (50 mA g-1

) and 179.3 mAh g-1

(1 A

g-1

) after 100 cycles. This work may not only arouse future attention on OVs for sodium energy

storage, but also open up new possibilities for designing strategies to utilize defects in other energy

storage systems.

FIGURE

KEYWORDS

Mo; nanomaterials, oxygen vacancies, anodes, sodium ion batteries

REFERENCES

[1] Y. Xu, M. Zhou, X. Wang, C. L. Wang, L. Y. Liang, F. Grote, M. H. Wu, Y. Mi, Y. Lei, Angew.

Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 8768.

[2] Y. Xu, M. Zhou, L. Y. Wen, C. L. Wang, H. P. Zhao, Y. Mi, L. Y. Liang, Q. Fu, M. H. Wu, Y.

Lei, Chem. Mater. 2015, 27, 4274.



39

MOVPE-grown GaP on Si(111) as a quasi-substrate for subsequent III-V

nanowire growth

Agnieszka Paszuk1, Matthias Steidl

1, Christian Koppka

1, Weihong Zhao

1, Sebastian Brückner

1,

Anja Dobrich1, Oliver Supplie

1, Peter Kleinschmidt

1, Thomas Hannappel

1

1FG Photovoltaik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str., 98693 Ilmenau,

Germany. Contact: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Integrating III-V materials with Si substrates aims at combining the superior optoelectronic

properties of III-V compounds with low-cost silicon technology. Further reduction costs of a device

can be possible by applying III-V nanowires, which in compared to planar III-V layers drastically

reduce material consumption and in addition enable lattice mismatched epitaxy. 1,2

Since nanowires

grow preferably along [111] direction 3, 4, 5

, our approach is to deposit a thin pseudomorphic GaP

buffer layer on Si(111) to facilitate GaAs nanowire nucleation. GaP, however, has a polar axis in

<111> direction resulting in two polarities, GaP(111)A and GaP(111)B. The two polarities differ in

surface termination by only group III- or group V- elements, respectively. NWs grow preferably in

the direction of the lowest surface free energy, which in the case of III-V semiconductors is the

[-1-1-1] direction, i.e. B-type substrates are required. 3, 4, 5

Here, we show control over GaP polarity, heteroepitaxially grown on Si(111) substrates by MOVPE

in hydrogen ambient. Prior to GaP buffer growth, the Si(111) surface was either H- or As-terminated.

In dependence on Si(111) surface termination the GaP surface reconstruction was measured and

compared to the surface reconstruction of GaP(111)A- or B-type substrates. As expected, GaAs NW

growth was successful on GaP(111)B/Si(111) quasisubstrates only. Moreover, we find that the

morphology of the GaP/Si(111) surface strongly depends on the substrate offcut direction, which

significantly influences the GaP nucleation and the formation of rotational twin domains in the

buffer.

KEYWORDS:

MOCVD, Si(111), GaP(111)B, As-termination, rotational twin domains

REFERENCES

[1] L. Cao et al., Nano Lett. 10, (2010),439

[2] R.R. LaPierre et al., Phys. Status Solidi - Rapid Res. Lett. 7 (2013), 815

[3] E.I. Givargizov et al ., J. Cryst. Growth, (1975) 31, 20

[4] N. Chetty and R. Martin, Phys. Rev. B 45 (1992), 6089

[5] I. Miccoli et al., Cryst. Res. Technol. 46 (2011), 795



40

Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) Template Directed Nanostructure Arrays

towards High-Performance Supercapacitor Devices

Huaping Zhao, Fabian Grote, Liaoyong Wen, Yan Mi, Chengliang Wang, Min Zhou, Yaoguo Fang,

Yong Lei*

Fachgebiet 3D-Nanostrukturierung, Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano® (ZIK), Technische

Universität Ilmenau

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Supercapacitors have attracted great interest as an electrical energy storage system because of their

high power density, fast charge−discharge rate, and excellent cycle stability. They are attractive

alternatives or complements to batteries in electrical energy storage applications, especially in

high-power applications. Large scale, highly regular, and structure tunable nanostructure arrays are

more desirable for supercapacitor applications. Large scale is the base for practical applications,

while high regularity and tunable structure are the pre-requirements to optimize the device

performance. In our group, we demonstrate a new nano-engineered strategy to fabricate various

nanostructure arrays based on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates to meet with all the above

requirements in order to achieve high-performance supercapacitor devices, based on nanowires,

nanotubes and nanopores, etc.

KEYWORDS

Anodic Aluminum Oxide Template; Nanostructure Arrays; Supercapacitors.

REFERENCES

[1] F. Grote, Y. Lei, Nano Energy, 2014, 10, 63-70.

[2] L. Y. Wen, Y. Mi, C. L. Wang, Y. G. Fang, F. Grote, H. P. Zhao, M. Zhou, Y. Lei, Small, 2014,

10, 3162-3168.

[3] F. Grote, L.Y. Wen, Y. Lei, Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 256, 37-42.

[4] H. P. Zhao, C. L. Wang, R. Vellacheri, M. Zhou, Y. Xu, Q. Fu, M. H. Wu, F. Grote, Y. Lei,

Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 7654-7659.

[5] F. Grote, R. Kühnel, A. Balducci, Y. Lei, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2014, 104, 053904.

[6] H. P. Zhao, M. Zhou, L. Y. Wen, Y. Lei, Nano Energy, 2015, 13, 790-813.

[7] F. Grote, H. P. Zhao, Y. Lei, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3, 3465-3470.



41

Nano 3D printer for Tissue Engineering

N. Petzold1, E. Markweg

1, T. Kowallik

1, J. Mämpel

1, O. Mollenhauer

1

1 TETRA Gesellschaft für Sensorik und Automation mbH, Gewerbepark am Walde 4, 98693

Ilmenau, [email protected]

ABSTRACT The Nano 3D printer of TETRA is able to create three-dimensional structures on nano scale. This

3D nano-structures are suitable to create tissue cultures. Because of the high resolution, the fast

producing speed, the large dimensions and the free formation of any surface and pore structure,

they are suited for reproducible scaffolds for 3D cell cultures.

In medical technologies, three-dimensional tissue cultures gain more interest than established

two-dimensional cell cultures, because of their higher information value. Three-dimensional

structures reflect the complex interaction between cells more lifelike. This is meaningful for

scientific studies of different cell types like cancer or stem cells. Drug discovery in pharmaceutical

research achieves improved results by utilizing in vitro three-dimensional cultures before testing

on animals. For the cultivation of three-dimensional cell cultures, three-dimensional framework

structures (scaffolds) are necessary for the growth of cells.

The 3D nanostructures of TETRA offer ideal properties for use as a scaffold. They are shaped to

suit individual needs and therefore offer a defined surface area and pore structure to adapt to

different cell types. The high resolution (down to 100 nm) in combination with large dimensions

(30 x 30 x 30 mm³) is current world record and enables the growth of meaningful cell cultures.

With a large portfolio of usable materials, parameters can be controlled, such as the optimization of

the cell supply, mechanical stability of nanostructures or the duration of the biodegradation process

when used as an implant.

FIGURE

Fig. 1: Nano 3D printer MBZ-2PP Fig.2: 3D scaffold structure written by MBZ-2PP

KEYWORDS

Nano 3D printer, nano structures, scaffolds, tissue engineering, 3D cell cultures, world record,

two-photon-polymerization,

REFERENCES

[1] N. Petzold, E. Markweg, T. Kowallik, J. Mämpel, O. Mollenhauer (2015): 3D Nanostrukturen

für die Medizintechnik, Rapid Tech 2015, Erfurt




42

Manipulating Charge Utilization in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Min Zhou, Dawei Cao, Zhijie Wang, and Yong Lei*



Contact: [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Since the first discovery of Honda-Fujishima effect, photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells offer the

attractive probability to convert the abundant natural source, solar energy, into stored chemical

energy via water splitting. Through close dissection of inherent photoelectrochemical process, we

can find photo-generated charges will meet two important competitive processes: recombination

and separation/migration. As recombination will definitely consume some capability of actual

photon utilization and increase the onset potential, understanding and controlling the relevant

kinetic recombination processes is essential in the well-directed design of efficient photoelectrodes

to improve the conversion efficiency. Herein, particular attention is paid on two major approaches

to improve the charge utilization. One is to use nanoengineering and update fabrication

methodology. For example, innovative design of three-dimensional macro-mesoporous Mo:BiVO4

architecture was realized through a controllable colloidal crystal template method. Superior

photocurrent densities are achieved due to effective charge migration via morphology optimization.

The other one is to utilize an internal electric field to increase the charge separation. Taking

ferroelectric photoelectrode as an example, we focus on BiFeO3 to break the limits imposed by

common semiconductors. As a result of their prominent ferroelectric properties, the

photoelectrodes are able to tune the transfer of photo-excited charges generated either in BiFeO3

or the surface modifiers by manipulating the poling conditions of the ferroelectric domains. Both

of the approaches show excellent improvement on PEC performances and greatly broaden where

and how existing semiconductor materials can be used in energy-related applications.

FIGURE

KEYWORDS

photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells, charge utilization, nanoengineering, ferroelectric photoelectrode

REFERENCES

[1] M. Zhou, J. Bao Y. Xu, J.J. Zhang, J.F. Xie, M.L. Guan, C.L. Wang, L.Y. Wen, Y. Lei*, Y.

Xie*. ACS Nano 2014, 8 (7), 7088.

[2] D.W. Cao+, Z.J. Wang+., Nasori, L.Y. Wen, Y. Mi, Y. Lei*. Angewandte Chemie

International Edition 2014, 126, 11207.



43

Photocatalytic activity improvement on Bismuth-based compounds by

introducing continuous interface and oxygen vacancies

Lingling Xu1,2

, Yang Liu1, Linlin Fan

1, Wanlu Cao

1 and Ning Ma

1

1Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, School of

Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China; 2Institute

of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany.


ABSTRACT

Semiconductor photocatalyst has attracted increasing interest for their potential applications in

global environmental pollutant control, hydrogen production and the degradation of

organic/organoarsenic compounds. Semiconductor heterojunction presents great potential

application in photocatalytic field due to their tunable light absorption by combining with a

narrow-band semiconductor and effective inhibition of photogenerated carries recombination. As

for the composite photocatalysts, the interfaces of the components reveals very important

contribution to the photodegradation activities, usually verified by comparing with physical mixing

composites. Up to now, the bismuth-based photocatalytic materials, such as Bi2WO6, Bi2O3,

Bi2O2CO3, BiOX (X= I, Cl, Br) and Bi2MoO6 etc., have aroused increasing interest due to the

unique electron structure of Bi element. The composites photocatalysts based on the bismuth-based

compounds have shown great potential on energy conversion and environmental remediation. In

order to provide a continuous interface on the two complexes, ion exchange and alkali etching

were carried out to fabricate bismuth composites.

Oxygen vacancies have a positive effect on the photocatalytic properties. As electron donor,

oxygen vacancies can also increase the electron density on the semiconductor photacatalyst. The

increased electrons can form a donor level, narrowed the energy gap band and extended the

absorption range. We have tried an alkali etching process to decorated the surface of Bi2WO6 with

oxygen vacancies. Also, in-situ reduction process was carried out to form the oxygen vacancies

and metal-semiconductor composites. Improved activity performances were evaluated by the

photodecomposition of organic dye and hydrogen generation.

TEM images for (a) as-prepared BiOI by co-precipitation method and (b) BiOI/Bi composite by

reduction. HRTEM images of (c) as-prepared BiOI and (d) BiOI/Bi composite with continuous

interfaces.

KEYWORDS

Photocatalysis; Bismuth-based compound; oxygen vacancy; ion exchange method;

photodecomposition; alkali etching.

REFERENCES

[1] W. Z. Wang, M. Shang, W. Z. Yin, J. Ren and L. Zhou, J. Inorg. Mater., 2012, 27, 11-18

[2] Y. Shimodaira, H. Kato, H. Kobayashi and A. Kudo, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2006, 110, 17790

[3] Z. Hao, L. Xu, B. Wei,. L. Fan, Y. Liu, M. Zhang and H. Gao, RSC Adv. 5 (2015), 12346

[4] G.Y. Cai , L.L. Xu*, B. Wei, J.X. Che, H. Gao and W.J. Sun Mater.Lett. 120 (2014) 1–4




44

High quality 3D structured Fabry – Pérot filter arrays based on SCIL technology

Yannan Shen, Imran Memon, Edwin Elechi, Carsten Woidt, Hartmut Hillmer

Institute of Nanostructure Technologies and Analytics (INA), University of Kassel, Germany

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Miniaturized optical spectrometers have a great potential in wide application areas such as medicine,

environment and food controlling due to the small size and portability. In our work, a kind of Fabry-

Pérot (FP) based miniaturizing optical spectrometer (named nanospectrometer) is developed by

applying Substrate Conformal Imprint Lithography (SCIL) technology. FP filters are built by two

highly reflecting mirrors and a resonance cavity in between. They are able to transmit a narrow

spectral band (named transmission peak) according to the heights/thickness of the cavities.

Therefore, by varying the heights, certain transmission peaks can be filtered. Recently our work is

based on 64 different cavity heights varying from 30nm to 181.2nm and with lateral dimension of

40x40 µm for each in the visible range. They can be achieved by just a single step of SCIL process.

Theoretically, the number of FP filter arrays has no limitation. The quality of imprinted cavities and

the thickness of the residual layer after imprint are two most important properties, which have to be

concerned. The homogeneity of the residual layer is possibly to be reduced by certain mask design.

By modifying different parameters, we are able to improve the quality of cavities and to control the

residual layer thickness. The FWHM of transmission peaks is down to 2 nm and the highest

transmission intensity can be up to 70%.

FIGURE

Imprinted FP filters with 64 different heights (Left) and 16 selected transmission peaks (Right)

KEYWORDS

Nanospectrometer, Fabry-Pérot filter, 3D NanoImprint, UV-substrate conformal imprint lithography

(SCIL)

REFERENCES

[1] Memon, I., Shen, Y., Khan, A., Woidt, C., Hillmer, H. (2015) ‘Highly uniform residual layers for

arrays of 3D NanoImprinted cavities in Fabry-Pérot filter array based nanospectrometers’,Applied

Nanoscience.



45

Active Matrix-Based Collection of Airborne Analytes: A SERS based Analyte

Recording Chip Providing Exposure History and Finger Print

Jun Fanga, Se-Chul Park

a, Leslie Schlag

b, Johannes Reiprich

b, Thomas Stauden

b, Jörg Pezoldt

b and

Heiko O. Jacobsb

a Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union St. SE, Minneapolis,

MN 55455, USA; b Fachgebiet Nanotechnologie, Technische Universität Ilmenau,

Gustav-Kirchhoff-Strasse 1, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany

Email: [email protected], Speaker: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The detection of single molecular binding events has been a recent trend in sensor research

introducing various sensor designs where the active sensing elements are nanoscopic in size. While

it is possible to detect single binding events, the research has not yet addressed the question of how

to effectively transport airborne analytes to these point-like sensing structures. Therefore we

introduce a new general approach which uses a corona discharge based analyte charging method in

combination with an electrodynamic lens based analyte collection concept which exceeds

non-directed diffusion-only-transport by several orders of magnitude.

This talk will discuss ideas and first experimental results towards an active matrix based analyte

collection approach referred to as “Airborne Analyte Memory Chip/Recorder”, which (i) takes

samples of the particles or molecules in an aerosol at specific points in time, (ii) transports the

analyte sample to a designated spot on a surface, (iii) concentrates the analyte at this spot to achieve

an amplification, (iv) repeats this sequence until the recording matrix is full, and (v) reads out the

analyte matrix on the chip.

To demonstrate and quantify how this general strategy improve the response time of an existing gas

sensor design, the collection scheme is integrated on an existing surfaced-enhanced Raman

spectroscopy (SERS) based sensor. We compare the results with and without

corona/lens-based-collection and find that SERS signal is enhanced by three orders of magnitudes as

a result of increased collection efficiency.1,2,3,4

FIGURE

KEYWORDS

Activ matrix, localized collection, electrodynamic lens, programmable electrostatic precipitation,

airborne analyte memory chip, gas sensor, SERS

REFERENCES

[1] J. Fang, S.-C. Park, L. Schlag, T. Stauden, J. Pezoldt, H. O. Jacobs, Advanced Materials 26(45),

7600-7607, (2014)

[2] J. Fang, S.-C. Park, L. Schlag, T. Stauden, J. Pezoldt, H. O. Jacobs, Advanced Functional

Materials 24(24), 3706-3714, (2014)

[3] E.-C. Lin, J. Fang, S.-C. Park, T. Stauden, J. Pezoldt, H. O. Jacobs, Advanced Materials 25(26),

3554-3559, (2013)

[4] E.-C. Lin, J. Fang, S.-C. Park, F. W. Johnson, H. O. Jacobs, Nature Communications 4,

1636/1-1636/8, (2013)



46

Controllable synthesis of Vanadium Oxides and their applications in Lithium ion

batteries

Qianwen Li1,2

, Yitai Qian3,Yang Yu

3, Yong Lei

2

1 College of Light-Textile Engineering and Art, Anhui Agriculture University, Anhui 230036, China;

2 Institute of Physics and IMN MacroNanoVR (ZIK), Technical University of Ilmenau, Prof.

Schmidt-Str. 26, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Science and

Technology of China, Anhui 230026,China

E-mail address: [email protected] & [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Using different precursors, V2O3 with different structures by the top-down precursor-pyrolyzation

strategy had been synthesized controllably and their electrochemical behaviors in the lithium ion

battery were also studied. At the current density of 200 mA/g, the discharge capacity of V2O3 3D

flower-like structures composed of ultrathin nanosheets is maintained at 360 mAh/g after 80 cycles,

which exhibits excellent discharge capacity and superior cycling stability. Interestingly enough,

these ultrathin V2O3 nanosheets which should display temperature-induced reversible metal

insulator transition1 represents a brand new two-dimensional material having metallic behavior

2.

Meanwhile, we successfully realized controllable synthesis of 3D flower-like structure having

different diameter, packing density, and thickness of nanosheets by adjusting temperature and time.

It is worth mentioning that the precursors also displayed good electrochemical properties. Vanadyl

ethylene glycolate spherical microstructures composed of nanocube-based with an average diameter

of~ 400 nm were solvothermally prepared at 180 ºC. Their electrochemical properties were firstly

investigated. At 60 mA/g the initial specific discharge capacity is 1826 mAh/g and even after 200

cycles the discharge capacity is still maintained at 477 mAh/g, which also exhibits high discharge

capacity and good cycling stability, which is a promising electrode material in lithium-ion batteries.

FIGURE

KEYWORDS:

controllable synthesis, vanadium oxides , three dimensional micro-nanostructures , lithium ion

batteries

REFERENCES

[1] M. J. Yethirai, Solid State Chem. 1990, 88, 53.

[2] J. Feng, X. Sun, C. Wu, L. Peng, C. Lin, S. Hu, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 17832.



47

Self-Aligned Growth of 3D Nano-Bridge-Based Interconnects by Gas Phase

Electrodeposition

Jun Fang1, Leslie Schlag

2, Se-Chul Park

1, Thomas Stauden

2, Jörg Pezoldt

2, Peter Schaaf

3, and Heiko

O. Jacobs2

1 Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union St. SE, Minneapolis,

MN 55455, United States; 2Fachgebiet Nanotechnologie, Technische Universität Ilmenau,

Gustav-Kirchhoff-Strasse 1, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany; 3 Fachgebiet Werkstoffe der

Elektrotechnik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Strasse 5, D-98693 Ilmenau,

Germany

Author Email: [email protected] Speaker Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This talk will present a self-aligned nanowire bonding process to form free-standing point-to-point

electrical connections.[1,2]

Wire diameters down to 200 nm and contact pads down to 1 m will be

shown. Moreover, the process is a parallel process to achieve a higher throughput when compared

with any of the emerging serial-direct-write or established serial wirebonding methods. The

presented process is based on a method that is best referred to as “gas phase electrodeposition”. The

process has been described in parts before.[3,4]

The relevant elements as it is known so far are briefly

described to put the current research in context. First it is a localized material growth/deposition

process which uses charged insulators to attract[5]

or deflect[6]

an incoming flux of charged material.

Taking a closer look at the basic process, it becomes clear that gas phase electrodeposition shares

some of the characteristics of electrodeposition in the liquid phase. However, it is a gas phase

process with a much larger mean free path of the particles. The Debye length representing the

screening length of Coulomb forces is also larger.[7]

Despite this difference, it can grow

nanostructures in selected domains in a programmable fashion by adjusting the dissipation current of

the ionic species that arrive at the surface. For example, in the simplest case it was used to grow

straight metallic nanowire arrays whose height and density were adjusted to vary across the substrate

which in turn were used as contacts in photovoltaic devices.[4]

Others have used this technique to

fabricate metallic nanostructures for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).[8,9]

In any

event, charged material continues to deposit into locations where charge dissipation can occur,

leading to a growth of extended structures much like what is observed in the liquid phase based

electrodeposition/plating. The figure illustrates the localized 3D growth of a metallic Au wire. In

step 1 the localized collection of metallic particles starts to from two basic feet and leads to a

self-aligned nanowire bonding process (step 2) to form a uniform connection between two electrodes

(step 3).

FIGURE

KEYWORDS

localized programmable gas phase electrodeposition, self-assembly, self-aligned free-standing

nanowires, nano-bridge-based interconnects

REFERENCES

[1] Gas Phase Electrodeposition and Growth of Free-Standing Point-to-Point Electrical Connections

and Microscopic Bondwires, J. Fang, L. Schlag, S. C. Park, Th. Stauden, and H. O. Jacobs, Nano





48

letters, submitted.

[2] Approaching Gas Phase Electrodeposition: Process and Optimization to Enable the Self-Aligned

Growth of 3D Nano-Bridge-Based Interconnects, J. Fang, L. Schlag, S. C. Park, Th. Stauden, J.

Pezoldt, P. Schaaf, and H. O. Jacobs, Advanced Materials, submitted.

[3] Mimicking Electrodeposition in the Gas Phase: A Programmable Concept for Selected-Area

Fabrication of Multimaterial Nanostructures, J. J. Cole, E. C. Lin, C. R. Barry, H. O. Jacobs, Small

2010, 6, 10.

[4] Gas Phase Electrodeposition: A Programmable Multimaterial Deposition Method for

Combinatorial Nanostructured Device Discovery, E. C. Lin, J. J. Cole, H. O. Jacobs, Nano Letters

2010, 10, 11.

[5] Submicrometer Patterning of Charge in Thin-Film Electrets, H. O. Jacobs, G. M. Whitesides,

Science 2001, 291, 5509.

[6] Printing of Organic and Inorganic Nanomaterials Using Electrospray Ionization and

Coulomb-Force-Directed Assembly, A. M. Welle, H. O. Jacobs, Applied Physics Letters 2005, 87,

26.

[7] Fringing Field Directed Assembly of Nanomaterials, C. R. Barry, H. O. Jacobs, Nano Letters

2006, 6, 12.

[8] Effective Collection and Detection of Airborne Species Using SERS-Based Detection and

Localized Electrodynamic Precipitation, E. C. Lin , J. Fang , S. C. Park , T. Stauden , J. Pezoldt, H.

O. Jacobs, Advanced Materials 2013, 25, 26.

[9] Localized Collection of Airborne Analytes A Transport Driven Approach to Improve the

Response Time of Existing Gas Sensor Designs, J. Fang, S. C. Park, L. Schlag, T. Stauden, J.

Pezoldt, H. O. Jacobs, Advanced Functional Materials 2014, 24, 24.



49

Highly controllable plasmonic property of ordered nanoparticle arrays

fabricated by the nonlithographic ultrathin alumina membrane technique

Zhibing Zhan, Rui Xu, Yan Mi, Huaping Zhao and Yong Lei



[email protected]

ABSTRACT

A non-lithographic route was presented to fabricate large-scale perfectly-ordered nanoparticle

arrays with tunable dimensions (30 to 350 nm) and periods (100 and 400 nm) by combining

nano-imprinting with ultrathin alumina membrane technique. There is no requirement of any organic

layer to support ultrathin membrane in our novel route, which totally addressed the problems of

nonuniform pores in prepatterned alumina templates and contamination during sample preparation,

and thus is indispensable for our fabrication of ideally regular nanoparticle arrays on various kinds

of substrates (such as flexible plastic). The effect of imprinted pressure on the prepatterning of Al

foil was also studied in order to ensure the reusability of the precious imprinting stamps. Based on

this route, we reveal the variation of all SPR parameters (position, intensity, width and mode) with

nanoparticle heights, which demonstrates that the effect of heights is different in various stages.

Increasing heights, the major dipole SPR mode precisely blue-shift from the near-infrared to visible

region with intensity strengthening, peak narrowing effect and multipole modes excitation in UV-vis

ranges. The intensity of multipole modes can be manipulated to be equal or even greater than the

major dipole SPR mode. After coating conformal TiO2 shells on these nanoparticle arrays by atomic

layer deposition, the strengthening of SPR modes with heights results in the multiplying of the

photocurrent in this plasmonic-metal-semiconductor incorporated systems. This simple but effective

adjustment for all SPR parameters provides guidance for future designing plasmonic metallic

nanostructures, which is significant for SPR applications.

KEYWORDS: ultrathin alumina membrane, non-lithographic route, surface plasmon resonance,

nanoparticle heights, surface enhanced Raman scattering.

REFERENCES

[1] Zhan, Z.; Lei, Y. Sub-100-nm Nanoparticle Arrays with Perfect Ordering and Tunable and

Uniform Dimensions Fabricated by Combining Nanoimprinting with Ultrathin Alumina Membrane

Technique. ACS Nano 2014, 8, 3862-3868.

[2] Zhan, Z.; Xu, R.; Mi, Y.; Zhao, H.; Lei, Y. Highly Controllable Surface Plasmon Resonance

Property by Heights of Ordered Nanoparticle Arrays Fabricated via a Nonlithographic Route. ACS

Nano 2015, 9, 4583-4590.

[3] Fu, Q.; Zhan, Z.; Dou, J.; Zheng, X.; Xu, R.; Wu, M.; Lei, Y. Highly Reproducible and Sensitive

SERS Substrates with Ag Inter-Nanoparticle Gaps of 5 nm Fabricated by Ultrathin Aluminum Mask

Technique. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7,13322–13328.



50

Generation of Oxygen Vacancy and OH Radicals: A Comparative Study of

Bi2WO6 and Bi2WO6-x Nanoplates

Yang Liu1, Linlin Fan

1, Lingling Xu

1,2

1Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, School of

Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China 2Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany.


ABSTRACT

Bismuth-based photocatalytic materials aroused extensive attention due to their unique Autivillius

and Sillén structures.[1,2]

The layered structure offers great potential for photocatalytic activity on

water splitting and organic contaminant treatment. Bi2WO6 constructed by alternating

perovskite-like (WO4)2-

and fluorite-like (Bi2O2)2+

layers, has been considerably studied because of

its good absorption ability of visible light.[3,4]

Since the valence band of Bi2WO6 is more negative

than that of •OH/OH−, the highly reactive and “nonselective”•OH radicals is rarely observed in

heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation in Bi2WO6 based photocatalysts.[5]

Several reports have

considered the main active species to be holes for the photodecomposition reactions over Bi2WO6,

while only a few studies are reported for the observation of hydroxyl radicals.[6,7]

Thus, it is

necessary for Bi2WO6 to produce •OH radicals, which is much more efficient in photo-oxidation to

decompose a wide range of organic contaminants and consequently improve the photocatalytic

performance. The increased amount of •OH radicals would be undoubtly beneficial to the

photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6 for further practical applications.

In this work, a comparative study of the visible-light-responsive Bi2WO6 and oxygen deficient

Bi2WO6-x nanoplates was conducted. The formation of oxygen vacancy resulted in the band gap

narrowing of oxygen deficient Bi2WO6-x, via an elevation of both of the conduction and valence

band positions. FTIR spectra revealed that much more surface hydroxyl groups have been detected

after the etching process. The scavengers tests confirmed the generation of •OH radicals during

photochemical reaction for Bi2WO6-x, while no obvious •OH radicals can be detected for pure

Bi2WO6. The photocatalytic activities of optimized Bi2WO6-x on the decomposition of RhB was 3

times as high as that of pure Bi2WO6. The improvement of photocatalytic activity can be ascribed to

the synergistic effect of oxygen deficiency induced band shifts, together with the large quantities of

surface hydroxyl groups providing active sites for the generation of •OH radicals.

Figure. Left: The EPR spectra of Bi2WO6 and Bi2WO6-x at 77 K. Right: Schematic diagram of band

gap structures for Bi2WO6 and E3.

KEYWORDS

Bi2WO6; oxygen vacancy; photocatalysis; alkali etching; photodecomposition;

REFERENCES

[1] Zhang, N. et.al. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014,43, 5276;

[2] Ye, L. Q. et.al. Environ.Sci.:Nano, 2014,1,90




51

[3] Kim, N. et. al. Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 1952-1958.

[4] Yao, S. S. et.al. J.Solid State Chem. 2009, 182, 236–239.

[5] Wang, C. et. al. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44 , 6843-6848

[6] Sheng, J. et.al. ACS Catal. 2014, 4, 732 −737.

[7] Saison, T. et.al. J. Phys. Chem. C.2013, 117, 22656 −22666.

Introduction of 3D Nanostructuring Group


52


‘We make high performance nano-devices or systems possible’

With awareness or not, nanometer-scale phenomena take great roles in our daily life. The ordered

nanometer-sized structures are especially of significance due to their various advantages. However,

the realization of large-scale ordered three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures on suitable substrates

is still highly challenging.

The Fachgebiet 3D-Nanostrukturierung (Group of 3D Nanostructuring) is focusing on the

development of efficient and low cost processes for fabricating 3D nanostructures and their

applications in different nano-devices (energy storage, energy conversion, surface plasmon

resonance, optoelectronics, gas sensor, etc.). The works are expected to solve the challenges of

realization of 3D nanostructuring and address the current requirement of high performance

functional devices.

1. Ordered three-dimensional (3D) nanostructuring

Our group has elaborate expertise in the synthesis of different nanostructures mainly based on

anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) and polystyrene (PS) colloidal template, and their functional

applications. The great advantage of template-directed nanostructuring is the achievement of

nanostructure arrays in large scale with well-defined shape, precisely-controlled size and

predefined spatial orientation/arrangement, which are all guided by the template. The size and

shape can be effectively tuned by simply changing the nature of the template because of the

topologic transformation. Moreover, the spatial orientation and arrangement of the as-obtained

nanostructure arrays is pre-defined by the spatial structure of template, and it could be maintained

on a substrate even without the support of template. By taking advantages of the highly-ordered

and highly-oriented structural features stemming from self-organization process, both AAO and PS

have been extensively investigated in our group as nanostructuring templates to fabricate

highly-ordered and highly-oriented nanostructure arrays.

1) Starting from the two-dimensional (2D) surface patterning, we have the abundant knowledge

and experience in the time-saving and low-cost fabrication processes of template-based methods

for fabricating different 2D nano-devices. The 2D surface nanostructuring is mainly achieved by

using thin templates (e.g. ultrathin alumina membranes (UTAMs), for details: “Highly ordered

nanostructures with tunable size, shape and properties: a new way to surface nanopatterning using

ultra-thin alumina masks”, Prog. Mater. Sci. 2007, 52, 465; “Surface patterning using templates:



53

concept, properties and device applications”, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2011, 40, 1247), which is

especially valuable in plasmonic applications and thereby can be used in photo-catalyst,

photoelectrochemistry, photovoltaics and bio-sensing.

2) In order to break the limit of 2D nano-devices and to utilize the most attractive features of

nano-materials, especially the large surface area, we are focusing on the realization of 3D

nanostructures on substrates and their applications in 3D nano-devices. Due to their advantageous

features (such as high regularity and density, high controllability of the structural parameters,

cost-effective processes), these template-prepared functional nanostructures are desirable candidate

structures for the next generation of high-performance devices (For details see our two recent

invited reviews: “Template-Directed Construction of Nanostructure Arrays for Highly-Efficient

Energy Storage and Conversion”, Nano Energy, 2015, 13, 790; “Designing heterogeneous 1D

nanostructure arrays based on AAO template for energy applications”, Small, 2015, 11, 3408).

3) The integration of devices requires the achievement of large-scale ordered nanostructures with

dimensions as small as possible, which can increase the integrated degree of the devices, minimize

the device dimension and reduce the cost. With the assistance of imprinting technique, one of our

current research topics is focusing on the fabrication process for achieving functional

nanostructures (e.g. binary nanostructures), decreasing the spatial parameters and increasing the

ordered patterning areas (e.g. “Facile Transferring of Wafer-Scale Ultrathin Alumina Membranes

onto Substrates for Nanostructure Patterning”, ACS Nano 2015, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03789;

“Highly Controllable Surface Plasmon Resonance Property by Heights of Ordered Nanoparticle

Arrays Fabricated via a Nonlithographic Route”, ACS Nano 2015, 9, 4583; “Sub-100-nm

nanoparticle arrays with perfect ordering, tunable and uniform dimensions fabricated by

combining nanoimprinting with ultrathin alumina membrane technique”, ACS Nano 2014, 8,

3862).

2. Energy storage applications based on ordered three-dimensional (3D) nanostructuring

Energy is one of the key challenges of mankind in this century in order to meet the requirement of

an increasing intermittent energy supply. The demand of energy storage systems include small

storage systems for portable devices and energy harvesting applications, medium size applications

such as energy storage systems for electrical mobility, and large-scale systems leveling peaks in

power grids. In all these applications, supercapacitors and batteries play a crucial role and are

discussed as desirable solutions to address these emerging challenges. We are interested in

developing three-dimensional nanostructured electrode configurations to understand and improve

the performance of energy devices.

1) We have devoted much effort on constructing 3D nanoarchitectures as a promising electrode

configuration. Our design features highly ordered nanostructured arrays (nanorods, nanopillars,

nanowires, nanotubes, nanopores, etc.). Such design can maximize power and energy density,

facilitate the ion diffusion yet maintain short ion or charge transport distance, which brings out

high performance of our energy storage devices.

Examples could be found in: Ni-TiO2 core-shell nanopillar arrays (“Highly ordered

three-dimensional Ni-TiO2 nanoarrays as sodium ion battery anodes”, Chem. Mater. 2015, 27,

4274) and highly ordered Sb nanorod arrays (“Large-scale Highly Ordered Sb Nanorod Arrays

Anode with High Capacity and Rate Capability for Sodium-Ion Batteries”, Energy Environ. Sci.

2015, DOI: 10.1039/C5EE00878F) for sodium-ion batteries and highly ordered free-standing 3D

arrays of SnO2 nanotubes (“A complete three-dimensionally nanostructured asymmetric

supercapacitor with high operating voltage window based on PPy and MnO2”, Nano Energy,

2014, 10, 63), Pt nanotube arrays (“Cost-effective atomic layer deposition synthesis of Pt nanotube

arrays: application for high performance supercapacitor”, Small 2014, 10, 3162) and

self-supported metallic nanopore arrays (“Self-Supported Metallic Nanopore Arrays with

Highly-Oriented Nanoporous Structure as Ideally Nanostructured Electrode for Supercapacitor

Application”, Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 7654) for 3D nanostructured supercapacitors.



54

2) We are also focusing on design and synthesis of novel materials for discovering suitable

materials for enhancing the device performance, including the molecular design for addressing the

fast-charge and –discharge batteries (“Extended π-conjugated system for fast-charge and

–discharge sodium ion batteries”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 3124. This work was highlighted

by the phys.org with the title of “Na-ion batteries get closer to replacing Li-ion batteries”

(http://phys.org/news/2015-03-na-ion-batteries-closer-li-ion.html)) and the utilization of oxygen

vacancies for increasing the electric conductivity and Na-ion diffusion coefficient in sodium ion

batteries (“Oxygen vacancies enabled enhancement of sodium ion battery performance”, Angew.

Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 8768).

3. Energy conversion applications based on ordered three-dimensional (3D) nanostructuring

Solar energy is one of the most promising renewable energies. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water

splitting, photovoltaics and various solar cells have been regarded as a feasible and cost-effective

realization of an artificial analogy to photosynthesis. Unfortunately, the stringent requirements for

the physical and chemical properties make it difficult to find suitable photoelectrodes that can

perform solar energy conversion efficiently and inexpensively. Innovations in 3D

nanoarchitectures of photoelectrodes offer potential breakthroughs in this field by taking the

advantages of detailed understanding of the corresponding physical processes.



55

1) With the assistance of various fabrication techniques and different templates including AAO

and PS colloidal template, various photoelectrodes with different three-dimensional

nanoarchitectures have been achieved and applied in solar water splitting. For example, we have

constructed a 3D quaternary macro-mesoporous architectures that show excellent solar energy

conversion efficiency ( “Photoelectrodes Based Upon Mo:BiVO4 Inverse Opals for

Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting”, ACS Nano 2014, 8, 7088)

2) Plasmonic phenomena also could be used for enhancing the photoelectrochmial performance.

Primary work on this topic is to choose the suitable materials. By using ferroelectric (BFO)

photoelectrodes to break the limits imposed by common semiconductors, the photoelectrodes

possess an impressive capability in tuning the transfer of photo-excited charges generated either in

BFO or the surface modifiers by manipulating the poling conditions of the ferroelectric domains. It

offers a feasible strategy for designing smart photoelectrochemical systems as to operate

photoelectrochemical reactions on a single ferroelectric electrode freely (“Switchable

Charge-Transfer in the Photoelectrochemical Energy-Conversion Process of Ferroelectric

BiFeO3 Photoelectrodes”, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 126, 11207).

4. Highly ordered nanoparticle arrays for plasmonic applications

The rapid development of surface plasmon resonance (SPR), the collective oscillation of

conduction electrons across nanostructures induced by incident light, has received significant

attention, due to its important applications in many fields. In solar energy conversions, plasmonic

devices offered a new opportunity to promote the efficiency by extending light absorption,

increasing light scattering and directly exciting electron−hole pairs (hot carriers). As one of the

most powerful probing tools in ultrasensitive analysis, the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

(SERS) depends the highly intense localized electromagnetic fields (also known as “hot spots”)

produced by the process of SPR. It has been confirmed that SPR parameters (such as position,

intensity, linewidths and modes) play crucial roles in plasmonic applications. Generally, these

factors of SPR property are very sensitive to the structural parameters of plasmonic metals (like

size, shape, morphology and distribution). Many of our works have been focusing on the synthesis,

assembly and tuning of the plasmonic nanostructrues.

1) By combining nanoimprinting with UTAM technique, we proposed a non-lithographic

nano-patterning approach to fabricate perfectly ordered nanoparticle arrays on large area substrates.

This simple but efficient method provides a cost-effective platform for the fabrication of perfectly

ordered nanostructures on substrates for various applications in nanotechnology (“Sub-100-nm

nanoparticle arrays with perfect ordering and tunable and uniform dimensions fabricated by

combining nanoimprinting with ultrathin alumina membrane technique”, ACS Nano, 2014, 8,

3862).

2) On the basis of above method, we further demonstrated the variation of all SPR parameters

(position, intensity, width and mode) with nanoparticle heights and the important application in

-0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

Cu

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Ebi

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KCl

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56

solar energy conversions. This simple but effective adjustment for all SPR parameters provides

guidance for future designing plasmonic metallic nanostructures, which is significant for SPR

applications (“Highly controllable surface plasmon resonance property by heights of ordered

nanoparticle arrays fabricated via a nonlithographic route”, ACS Nano, 2015, 9, 4583).

5. Simulation and modeling

Rapid prototyping and highly-accurate simulations reduce reliance upon costly and

time-consuming experimental prototypes, leading to a quicker assessment of design concepts. The

combination of experimental and the theoretical calculation results are helpful to deeply

understand the fundamental devices and further improve the device performance.

1) We use FDTD Solutions in a lot of research areas, from fundamental photonics research to

current photoelectronic applications in photovoltaics, water splitting, SERS and many more. For

example, we have studied surface plasmon resonance properties of ordered nanoparticle arrays and

the simulations results (the electric field around the nanoparticle and the normalized scattering and

absorption cross section) accord with the experiment very well (“Highly Controllable Surface

Plasmon Resonance Property by Heights of Ordered Nanoparticle Arrays Fabricated via a

Nonlithographic Route”, ACS Nano, 2015, 9, 4583).



57

2) First-principle calculations are used to investigate the electronic and photonic properties of the

semiconductors. For example, first-principles calculations using simple supercell-slab (SS) models

are employed to approximate/model the defects on the ZnO NW (1010) and (0001) surfaces

(“Spatial distribution of neutral oxygen vacancies on ZnO nanowire surfaces: An investigation

combining confocal microscopy and first principles calculations”, J. Appl. Phys. 2013, 114,

034901. This work was the most highly cited regular article among over 4000 JAP articles that was

published in the year of 2013).

Introduction of IMN MacroNano®


58

Introduction of the Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies

MacroNano®

A Partner in Research and Development

The Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies of the TU Ilmenau – the IMN

MacroNano® combines the know-how and resources of the cross-application disciplines of

Microsystems Technology and Nanotechnology for the following ranges of application:

Life Sciences

Energy Efficiency

Photonics

One outstanding feature of the IMN MacroNano® is its interdisciplinary and cross-faculty

orientation, which encompasses both the narrowly-focused disciplines of microsystems technology

and nanotechnology and the range of practical applications in the three areas mentioned above.

Thanks to close co-operation within the institute, it is possible to attain complex objectives in

systems engineering whose successful implementation requires comprehensive know-how from

every department in the institute, including:

Experts in application (for instance, in medical engineering) in order to adequately take into

account the constraints and requirements of the range of application,

Experts in microsystems technology and nanotechnology to implement the miniaturised paradigm

– the technological core of the institute - and

Experts in measuring techniques and analytics to support the technological results in theory and

practice – while making comprehensive use of the institute’s technological base

Contact Person:

Prof. Dr. Jens Müller,

Institute Director

Phone +49 3677 69-3402


Information for Participants


59


Conference Information

The conference will be held on July 30th

-31st, 2015 in Technische Universität Ilmenau

Website: http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/cpfn


Conference registration place and details

The central activities like registration etc. are located in the foyer of Meitnerbau. For a detailed

map of the campus and the buildings please see the end of this booklet.

The conference registration will be located in:

July 30th

-31st, 2015, Meitnerbau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 5, 98693 Ilmenau

You will receive the printed short program and your name tag at the conference office. The name

tag must be worn visibly during the entire conference.

The organizers, staff of the conference and the student assistants will be around at the conference

sites. Please contact them if you have any questions.

Do not hesitate to inquire about any necessary information concerning the conference,

orientation in Ilmenau, accommodation, restaurants, going-out, and cultural events at the

information desk.

Allocation of the Lecture Halls

Session A: Meitnerbau 101-103, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 5, 98693 Ilmenau

Session B: Feynmanbau 114-115, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 7, 98693 Ilmenau

All the detailed maps are displayed at the end of this booklet to show the location of lecture halls.

Oral Presentation

Lecturers are requested to provide their presentations electronically. All the lecture rooms are

equipped with projectors (“beamers”).





60

Laptops can be provided by the speakers or the conference organizers. All the rooms will be

opened at least 30 minutes prior to the lecture. Speakers are requested to be in the lecture room at

least 15 minutes prior the start of the session to report to the chairperson as well as the technical

staff to ensure that the laptops handshake with the beamer and to receive a brief introduction to

the equipment in the lecture room.

Contributed talks should take 16 minutes with 4 minutes for discussion. The plenary talk and

keynote invited talk should last 60 minutes and 40 minutes, respectively.

Poster Presentation

Site for poster sessions are located in:

Meitnerbau from 9:00 AM on July 30th

to 16:30 PM on July 31st

The poster boards will be ready at 8:00 on July 30th

. Authors are asked to mount their poster

when the poster board is prepared with the corresponding poster number. Please use the prepared

“power strip” (residue-free removing) at the poster frame or contact the available staff. The

poster should be presented for the whole session time. The presenting authors are encouraged to

be at the hand for discussion at their poster during 17:40-19:30 on July 30th

.



61

Catering

Coffee, water

Free coffee and water are provided during the breaks in Meitnerbau.

Internet Access

Technische Universität Ilmenau is a member of the eduroam-network. Users from eduroam

institutions, who have registered for eduroam, can use the WLAN in almost all buildings on the

TU-campus.

We offer a temporary free login for the wireless-LAN (WiFi) of Technische Universität Ilmenau.

WLAN network: eduroam

Login: wlan6164

Password: g5hyfYBK

Login: wlan6286

Password: GjCAZy3t

Login: wlan6807

Password: eQkmbkca

Campus Map


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Campus Map

Campus Map


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Campus Map

Campus Map


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Meitnerbau

Campus Map


65

Feynmanbau, ZMN

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