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Chapter-1

Introduction1.1 Location

Madhobpur Lake is a lake in Kamalganj Upazila in the MouloviBazar District.

It is one of the popular tourist spot in Bangladesh. The lake is located withinand beside greenish tea garden.

It surrounded by small green hills and trees.Different kinds of waterplants arethere like water lilies of different kinds and colors. Its in the midst of Teagardens, and artificially created small hills in one side and quite big.Once you

climb up the hills you can see the breathtaking view of the whole lake.

Madhobpur lake is located 16+ KM away from Sreemangal, 30 KM fromMoulvibazar district town and 15 KM from Lawachhara Reserve Forest.

You have to stop the car at the entrance and walk in for about 10 mins through

the green tea garden to reach the lake. One you reach there, you will find a

beautiful and refreshing water body full of red lilies lies calmly in the midst of

hills around. Take a deep breath and just enjoy the calmness of the nature; relaxyour body and soul with the fresh air and chimes of the birds.

1.2 Geography of the area

Kamalganj, a place of peace and tranquillity located at 91.52 east longitude and

24.20 north latitude of global demarcation having 187 square miles, located in

the southern part of the district. The upazila is bounded on the north byRajnagar upazila, on the east by Kulaura upazila and India, on the south by

India and on the west by Sreemangal and Maulvibazar Sadar upazila.

Kamalganj Upazila consists of 1 paurashava, 9 wards, 29 mahallahs, 9 unions,

111 mauzas, and 251 villages.


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Fig- map of Kamalganj Upazilla

1.3 Location and Physiography:

Eastern and western parts of this Upazila are hilly mountains and most of this

part is covered with forest. An old human habitation developed in plain land of

eastern part of the upazila. Rajkandi reserve forest situated in northeast area and

the Bhanugach Mountains are in west part of the region. The highest peak of themountain is 500 feet high located in the south verge.


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Fig- Madhobpur Lake

Average rainfall is about 109 inches a year and the average humidity is 82%.

However from December to February weather becomes dry, rainfall turns to 2

inches and temperature remains in the sixties but from March to Maytemperature increases with the stormy humid weather.

For the nice combination of weather and physiographic, the plane lands of

kamalganj grow rice and the hilly areas grow tea, pineapple, jackfruit, lemon,lichies etc.

1.4 Demography of the area:

Kamalganj has a population of 191672. Males constitute are 50.98% of the

population, and females 49.02%. Muslim 62.92%, Hindu 36.09%, Buddhist

0.04%, Christian 0.88%, others 0.07%. Ethnic nationals: Manipuri, Khasi,Tripura (Tipra) and Halam (5.67% of the total population).

Literacy and educational institutions Average: literacy 28.6%; male 35.7%,

female 21.1% (1991).


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1.5 The pattern of Land use:

Land use Arable land 22672 hectare, non-agricultural 8748 ha, fallow 506

ha, khashland 787.44 hectares; single crop 13.89%, double crop 69.45%, treble

crop16.66%. There are 14 tea gardens in this upazila.

Main crops are Paddy, wheat, sugarcane, tea, betel nut, mustard seed, potato,

yam, aubergine, barbati (kind of kidney bean), bottle gourd, lemon, and

watermelon.

1.6 Ethnic composition and religion:

Kamalganj inherits common anthropological identity of Bangalee culture with

little difference to neighboring Upazilas. Though Muslim & Hindu community

comprises the major northwest portion of the upazila but in tea gardens of

southeast is mostly inhabited by garden laborers migrated from India and people

of Monipuri origin dominate 4 Union Councils of south region

1.7 Health:

The major disease in the village is fever or malaria that affects people during

the summer months of April to August. The nearest health centre is the Primary

health Centre. An upazila health center is in this upazila.

1.8 Occupation:

The main occupation of the village is agriculture and loom. Paddy is the main

crop cultivated by the people. Paddy has become a major source of income for

the people. Other food crops that are cultivated are rice, sweet potato, tomatoes,

chilies, mustard, beans, and lettuce. The households also rear livestock;

household’s rear and lettuce. The households also rear livestock; households

rear cows, pigs and a majority reaches.

http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/K_0058.HTMhttp://c/Users/PoriBoRtOn/Desktop/surveying/BANGLAPEDIA%20%20Kamalganj%20Upazila%20(Maulvi%20Bazar%20district).htmhttp://c/Users/PoriBoRtOn/Desktop/surveying/BANGLAPEDIA%20%20Kamalganj%20Upazila%20(Maulvi%20Bazar%20district).htmhttp://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/K_0058.HTM


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1.9 Labor:

The Paddy plantations require a lot of maintenance throughout the year. It

creates labour opportunities for the people in the village especially for those

who do not have their own plantations. All the labour that is required in the

plantations is from the village itself.

1.10 Food Consumption Patterns:

Rice is the staple food but the food pattern changes according to the seasons. In

the winter, the people have along with rice more of sweet potato and tomatoes

as these are the harvest seasons of these vegetables. During the summer months,

the people consume less as they have only rice with whatever vegetables that is

available.

1.11 Housing:

The housing pattern of the village is mixed. A majority of 70 percent of

households have kacha house, 9 percent have Paka type of house and 16 percent

are semipaka.

1.12 Water and Sanitation:

In this village does not have proper sanitation facilities; 42 percent of

households do not have toilets in their home stead. The households who have

toilets also have pit latrines.

1.13 Aims and Objectives of the Study

a) To apply the theoretical knowledge in the field I acquired from the courses of

last four semesters.

b) To know that, how does the theoretical knowledge can be applicable in

practical field.

c) To learn about the process of observational study.


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Fig- Madhobpur Lake


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Chapter-2

Research Methodology

2.1 Methodology:

Methodology is usually a guideline system for solving a problem, with specific

components such as phases, tasks, methods, techniques and tools

In case of us firstly a study area is selected.

2.2 Area selection:

Our study area was selected on Madhobpur Lake in Kamalganj. Usually a study

area is selected on basis of the people area and most of the people of

Kamalganj is Manipuri. We collected many datas from them and thus we found

variation from them. They gave us different insights about climate change,

which represents the perception of the rural of our country.

2.3 Data collection:

Data collection is the primary step of a study tour. There are two types of data.

They are primary data and secondary data. Primary data are collected from

questioner’s survey and the secondary data are collected from different govt.

office.

2.4 Primary data collection:

We were divided into groups at Madhobpur Lake area. Each group collected the primary datas from different houses. We asked the peoples about the climate of

Area. Some of them have no idea about climate change.

We also asked them about the effect of climate changes and stored them. How

climate change hindered their crops? Which crops are not grown at this time?

We also collect their perception about climate change.


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2.5 Secondary data collection:

Here we have to collect secondary data for questioner’s survey. In that case we

need to collect a map of our study area. So we collected a map of Kamalganj.

We also collected climatic data (rain fall , temperature and humidity ).We alsocollected the secondary data from internet.

2.6 Analysis:

It is the most important work for us. We stored all the datas that we collected in

different table. We analyzed each of the questions. We found out the percentage

of statistical data and then calculate them. Lastly We compare the primary and

secondary data.

2.7 Presentation:

An important work for a report is to present data. Here we present the data in

different diagrams. For population statistics we represent it in population

pyramid. In bar diagram we show education back ground and pie chart for

different religious people.


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Chapter-3

Climatic and Vegetation status

3.1 Climatic status:

As there is no weather station in Madhobpur lake, so the information of climate

of Madhobpur lake has to know from the nearest station of Kamlganj in

Sreemongol.

In Madhobpur lake area the Climate changes in different weathers

3.2 Climatic change in winter season:

During winter season the temperature of the area is 29 degree centigrade as

maximum abd 15 degree centigrade as minimum.The temperature of the area is

greatly changed in the recent ten years.The Average temperature in winter

season is 23.7 degree centigrade.As the rainfall is low in winter so the

maximum rainfall is 150 mm.

3.3 Climatic change in summer season:

During summer season temperature is very high. The average maximum

temperature is over 35 degrees centigrade and minimum avg. temperature is

over 26 degree. Maximum Rainfall is over 350 mm in a single day.

3.4 People’s Perception About Environmental Change

In that case we collected perception about climate change from different peoples

of the nearby area. We tried to collect data about the effect of climate change in

their livelihood. As the environment is warming day by day, so we tried to

justify this via real field work. We also tried to know about the awareness of

people about environmental change.


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Figure – People’s perception about environmental change

Here, 43.69% people say that temperature is increasing. 18.94% says

temperature is increasing and rainfall is decreasing. They described rising

temperature as cause of less rainfall and less availability of water. That means

peoples are conscious about global warming.

3.5 People’s Perception about Temperature and Rainfall Change

Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and

oceans since the late 19th century, and its projected continuation in some part of

the world there are heavy rainfall and some part there is no rain. We tried to

know the condition of the area. We asked people about any significant change

in local temperature during last ten years. They answered yes or no. Here ‘yes’

means change of temperature and ‘no’ means unchanged of temperature.

44%

14%

3%

10%

19%

3%7%

0%0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%35%

40%

45%

50%

high tem. less

rainfall

less

temp.

high

rainfall

high

temp. +

less

rainfall

high

temp. +

high

rainfall

other land slide

Environmental Change

Series1


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Figure – people’s perception temperature change

From the above figure we can see that 98.82% people say temperature is rising

and a few people says that temperature is decreasing.

3.6 Change in Rainfall:

We collected data about rainfall changes. A large number of people of the area

said that rainfall is decreasing day by day. They denote rising temperature as a

cause of decreasing rainfall. Some of them said that there are no changes in

rainfall. The numbers of this people are 22.82%.

People's perception about temperature change

82%

17% 1%

Yes

No

No comments


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Figure – people’s perception about rainfall change

3.7 Major Agricultural Products:

Madhobpur lake as well as Kamlganj upazilla economy mainly depends on

agricultural crops. They grow different type of crops and vegetables. Mainly

they grow paddy. Vegetables are tomato, ladies finger, cauliflower, chilly etc.

3.8 Social change due to variability of climate:

The area’s agricultur e is highly dependent on climatic factors. Variability ofclimate causes the social change. Social change means the discreteness from

ideal social system. There are some social changes found at the area due to the

variability of climate.

people's perception about rainfall

increas

decreas

no change


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Figure – Social change due to climatic change.

3.9 High pricing of land:

High pricing of land is the main social change occurred at Kamalganj. When

increased demand for food and energy combine, pressure on land conversion is

increased leading to further climate change which in turn may affect productivity of land and availability of land. This criterion creates high pricing

of land.

3.10 Less income:

People of the area have agriculture base economy but climate has an effect on

their income. In recent years, the climate of the area is much change. So, the

production of crops and vegetables has decreased .This phenomenon causes less

income of the people of the area.

3.11 Migration:

Migration mainly caused for the following reason:

Different types of social chaos such as family-family conflict for land,

conflict between rich and poor.

10%4%

22%

12%

52%65%

Social change due to climate change

migration unemployment less income social chaos high price of land


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People have failed to collect their live stock from their correspondent

area.

Less production of agricultural products also encourages migration.

3.12 Unemployment:

During February - March and from August - September the rate of rainfall has

become low, as a result the farmers have jobs to do. But at the remaining time

of the year they have nothing to do. Sometimes natural disaster like flood occurs

here. This also causes unemployment problem. A pie chart is given below

showing social change:

Figure – Social change due to Unemployment

3.13 Extinct agricultural product:

The climate of the area has changed over the year, but the agricultural product

has remained same. In past, some farmer grew jute but they use it to make rope

in order to tie bulls and other purposes. The availability of plastic rope has

reduced the production of jute. Now-a-days the farmers have found no interest

to produce jute.

Percentage

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

Percentage


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3.14 Common natural disasters:

Flood is the most common natural disaster occurred in MouloviBazar District.

Flood has occurred almost every year. The main reason behind the flood is

overflowing of hilly fountain cannels. It washed away the crops and vegetables

grown by the farmer. But in last two years, flood has not occurred. Heavy

rainfall is one of the most common natural disasters. It occurs almost every year

during may-June. Sometimes it causes flood. Every year it harms the production

of crops. Another common natural disaster is storm. Mainly it occurs between

April and May. It causes less production of rice. But it is not happened in every

year. Drought also occurred here due to less rainfall. In past, it had not

happened in this area but now it has become a common disaster. It has occurred

at march-April or august-September in a year. It causes less production of boor

rice. Besides earthquake, hail, cyclone etc. have also occurred here but they

have a less effect on this area.

Figure – Common Natural Disaster of Moulovibazar.

3.15 People’s perception about the climate change:

Though some of the people of kamalganj are well educated but most of the

people of the area are illiterate or little learned. So, only a few people has a

floodcyclon

estrom

heavy

rainfallrainfall

less

rainfall

droug

htn/a

earth

quaak

e

Series1 72 53 47 21 10 9 41 20 10

0

10

20

30

40

5060

70

80Natural Disaster


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concept on climate change. For them (the illiterate and little learned) , climate

change means the change of temperature and rainfall. According to the most of

the people, the average rate of rainfall is decreasing every year. So, temperature

is increasing day by day.

3.16 Flora of Study Area:

Most of the trees are of the evergreen type, whereas most of the tallest trees are

deciduous and semi-deciduous. There are four main groups of hydrophytes that

found in wetland systems throughout the world. Submerged water wetland

vegetation can grow in saline and fresh-water conditions. For example: Hydrilla

verticillata, Potamogeton Crispus are fully under water vegetation.

Crop Field vegetations e.g., Alternanthera Sessilis, Cotula Hemispaerica etc,

have been found around the Madhobpur lake which are the important source

of food for the migratory ducks.

Homestead vegetations e.g., Barringtonia acuatangula, Bambusa arudinacea

etc have been found in Tanguar haorwith rich species diversity.

3.17 Fauna of Study Area:Fish are more dependent on wetland ecosystems than any other type of habitat.

Wetland International (WI) conducts waterfowl census every year in different

wetlands in Banfladesh with the help of Bangladesh Bird Club (Bbc). Much

more species of migratory birds come to this Madhobpur Lake as this lake is an

ideal place for their food and habitat. Rui, Mrigel, puti, chanda, and invertebrate

Chingri or shrimp etc are found in Madhobpur Lake. The other important fish

species are Magur, Baem, gutum etc.


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Chapter-4

Socio and economic condition

4.1 Economy:

The economy of the area is mainly agriculture based. There are lots of tea

garden in the nearby area. There are less industries in that area . only there aresome tea factories by some govt and non-govt. Companies . The main exports of

Maulvi Bazar are bamboo, tea, pineapple, cane, jackfruit, oranges, agarr, rubber,

mangoes and lemons. The area is also home to the three largest tea gardens (size

and production wise) in the world. Pineapples from the Sreemangal area are

famous for their flavour and natural sweetness.

4.2 Primary Economic Activities

Heavily dependent on tea gardening. Many types of fruits such as- Banana,

Pineapple, Jackfruit, Papaya etc are produce here. There are many types of

masala such as- Ginger, Turmeric etc also produce here. There are also some

rubber garden where the local people work.

4.3 Secondary Economic ActivitiesBangladesh Tea Research Instititute (BTRI) is nearby to the area. Lots of people

of this area are directly and indirectly connected with it .and maximum people

women work in the teafactories.

4.4 Trade and CommerceFruits, masala and tribal textile are the major exports of the area. Tourism is

another commerce here which is growing fast as a source of revenue. Bamboo

craft and local-made cigarillos are now exported out of the districts.

4.5 Livelihood PatternThe major livelihood activities in the study areas, determined by perceptions of

a few numbers of people interview and some statatistical data’s over the

internet. It is found that the highest percentage of households were dependent

on Tea cultivation for livelihood in Madhobpur Lakearea as well as Kamalganjarea. Livestock and fruit gardening were also important on-farm activities for

the framers of all two districts. In the case of off-farm activities, the highest

percentages of households were dependent on wage earnings for their livelihood

in all districts.There are a lots of Monipuri people in that area .they made aimportant fact on the livelihood area.


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Most Monipuries are agriculturists, primarily practicing subsistence farming

with limited cash crop production. The principal crop is rice. Other vegetables,

such as corn, sesame, lentils, chili, ginger, turmeric, garlic, beans, pumpkin, and

cucumber are also sown together with the rice, and supplement the family diet

as well as providing extra income. Even to this day, a large portion of

indigenous peoples depend upon tea production for rice production and as the

main source of their subsistence and livelihood.

4.6 Settlement Pattern:

Before the construction of Sreemangal area the Kamalganj was not as like as

we see . Settlement pattern of Kamalganj is unique. People make their house

along the slope of Hill. Actually, the town has been grown up along the slope

of Hill.


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Chapter-5

Conclusion,recomadation and reference

5.1 Conclusion:

We mainly observed on climatic and socio-economic condition of

Madhobpur Lake area from last years to present. We collected data by own

body and then analysis the change of climatic and socio-economic status. It

alerts the people of the area and also ours about the climate change and itseffect on us. The perception of the people of Kamalganj about climate

change is quite same. Global warming is the main cause of climate change.

Implementation of climate change adaptation measures such as flood control

and land erosion with improved embankments as well as salinity and high

temperature tolerant crop production and floating cultivation will contain the

problem within our borders. Climate change should be handled with due

importance in all development programs. We should give consciousness to

the people about the change of climate. This report represents the perceptionof the rural people of our country about climate.

5.2 Recommendation:

To prepare this report I have to suffer some problem.

We couldn’t understand their language easily. Cause people of

Madhobpur Lake use their local language and most people use this local

language. We have no idea about their language.

We have to suffer most to collect secondary data. Secondary data is not

available. We got it from internet. Sreemangal weather office can’t help

us cause they have no climatic data of Madhobpur lake area. And there is

no weather station in Kamalganj also . So we have to take some datas of

Sreemangal and MouloviBazar to represnt Madhobpur Lake area .

In the study area, most of the people are illiterate. They don’t know what

is climate.


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5.3 Reference

1.www.wikipedia.com 2.www.slideshare.net

3.www.bbs.gov.bd 4.www.weatheronline.co.uk

5.www.discoverybangladesh.com 6.kamolganj.moulvibazar.gov.bd

7. Rahman S.T. (2015)Climatic and socio-economic change of

Adampur,Kamalganj,

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