Contemporary Contemporary Drug Trends –Drug Trends –

Salvia, Spice, Bath Salts, Salvia, Spice, Bath Salts,

and more…and more…

Sgt. Craig SimpsonSgt. Craig Simpson

Colorado Springs PDColorado Springs PD

Some common Some common ““uncommonuncommon”” drugsdrugs

Salvia DivinorumSalvia DivinorumK-2 / SpiceK-2 / Spice

“Bath Salts”

Salvia Salvia DivinorumDivinorum

Salvia DivinorumSalvia Divinorum

A powerful (and, in many states, A powerful (and, in many states, legal) hallucinogenic herblegal) hallucinogenic herb

Referred to most commonly as Referred to most commonly as ““SalviaSalvia””, although terms , although terms ““Magic MintMagic Mint””, , and and ““DivinerDiviner’’s Sages Sage”” are used as well are used as well

There are many different species and There are many different species and varieties within the Salvia genusvarieties within the Salvia genus

The The ““DivinorumDivinorum”” variety is not found variety is not found in garden stores, but other varieties in garden stores, but other varieties of Salvia areof Salvia are

Plant is related to Sage and MintPlant is related to Sage and Mint

Quick FactsQuick Facts

Active ingredient is Salvinorin-A Active ingredient is Salvinorin-A which is a powerful hallucinogenwhich is a powerful hallucinogen

““As potent as LSD, and essentially, As potent as LSD, and essentially, the most potent naturally occurring the most potent naturally occurring hallucinogenic drughallucinogenic drug”” Dr. Bryan Roth, Director National Dr. Bryan Roth, Director National Institute of Mental HealthInstitute of Mental Health’’s Psychoactive Drug Screening Programs Psychoactive Drug Screening Program

Used recreationally since early Used recreationally since early 19901990’’ss

UseUse

For recreational users, the dried For recreational users, the dried leaves of the plant are generally leaves of the plant are generally smokedsmoked

Fresh leaves may be chewedFresh leaves may be chewed Dried leaves may be reconstituted Dried leaves may be reconstituted

and chewedand chewed

ExtractsExtracts A concentrated preparation of the A concentrated preparation of the

leaf, called Salvia extract, is often leaf, called Salvia extract, is often used in place of natural strength used in place of natural strength leavesleaves

Extract is classified as 5x, 10x, 15x, Extract is classified as 5x, 10x, 15x, 20x, etc.20x, etc.

Extract reduces the total amount Extract reduces the total amount needed to produce results and the needed to produce results and the results are often more powerfulresults are often more powerful

Effects of SalviaEffects of Salvia

The effects seem to span a large The effects seem to span a large spectrum and may be somewhat spectrum and may be somewhat dependant on amount ingested, dependant on amount ingested, method of ingestion, and individual method of ingestion, and individual body chemistrybody chemistry

Range seems to go from a pleasant, Range seems to go from a pleasant, dreamlike experience to a very dreamlike experience to a very frightening and confusing experiencefrightening and confusing experience

Low DoseLow Dose

Spontaneous Spontaneous LaughterLaughter

Mild closed-eye Mild closed-eye visualsvisuals

Stuttering or Stuttering or strobing visual strobing visual effectseffects

Changes in depth Changes in depth perceptionperception

Heightened senses Heightened senses of color and of color and texturetexture

Moderate DoseModerate Dose

Trance-like stateTrance-like state Time distortionTime distortion Open-eye visualsOpen-eye visuals Fractal patterns Fractal patterns

and geometric and geometric shapes with eyes shapes with eyes openopen

Sensations of Sensations of fallingfalling

Fully formed Fully formed visions of other visions of other places, people, and places, people, and eventsevents

High DoseHigh Dose

Out of body Out of body experiencesexperiences

Dimensional Dimensional DistortionDistortion

Intense exhilaration Intense exhilaration or panicor panic

Sensation of wind or Sensation of wind or physical pressurephysical pressure

Hearing voicesHearing voices Significant open and Significant open and

closed eye visualsclosed eye visuals Experiencing Experiencing

alternate realitiesalternate realities DissociationDissociation Loss of speechLoss of speech Merging with objectsMerging with objects

High DoseHigh Dose

Users have reported feeling as if they Users have reported feeling as if they have lived a lifetime as another have lived a lifetime as another person or as an inanimate object person or as an inanimate object (experiencing a lifetime as paint on a (experiencing a lifetime as paint on a wall for example)wall for example)

This is may be due to the significant This is may be due to the significant time distortion that the drug causestime distortion that the drug causes

Salvia divinorum Duration

Smoked

Total Duration 20 - 45 mins

Onset 20 - 60 secs

Coming Up 1 - 2 mins

Plateau 5 - 10 mins

Coming Down 15 - 30 mins

   

After Effects 15 - 20 mins

Hangover / Day After - - -

MarketingMarketing

Often marketed to teens and young Often marketed to teens and young adults as producing a marijuana-like adults as producing a marijuana-like highhigh

Also sold as a Also sold as a ““Legal Cannabis Legal Cannabis SubstituteSubstitute””

In reality, not similar to marijuana at In reality, not similar to marijuana at allall

Not really even a Not really even a ““Party DrugParty Drug””

LegalityLegality Colorado has a current law Colorado has a current law

prohibiting manufacture and sale prohibiting manufacture and sale (July 1, 2011) – possession and use (July 1, 2011) – possession and use illegal Jan 1, 2012illegal Jan 1, 2012

Federal Govt. is studying the plant Federal Govt. is studying the plant for schedulingfor scheduling

U.S. Military has made it illegalU.S. Military has made it illegal Is able to be tested for in UAIs able to be tested for in UA

Driving on SalviaDriving on Salvia

Synthetic CannabinoidsSynthetic Cannabinoids

Spice??Spice??

SpiceSpice

SpiceSpice

K 2 / Spice – real or hype?K 2 / Spice – real or hype?

Very Real – Spice is a synthetic Very Real – Spice is a synthetic cannabinoid that acts very similarly cannabinoid that acts very similarly to THCto THC

Binds to the same receptor sites as Binds to the same receptor sites as cannabiscannabis

May be anywhere from 3x – 800x the May be anywhere from 3x – 800x the potency of THCpotency of THC

Federal LegalityFederal Legality

The Federal Analog Act defines an The Federal Analog Act defines an analog as: analog as: a chemical that is structurally a chemical that is structurally or pharmacologically similar to a or pharmacologically similar to a Schedule I or II controlled substance and Schedule I or II controlled substance and has no legitimate medical use. A has no legitimate medical use. A substance which meets (this)definition…substance which meets (this)definition…and is intended for human consumption and is intended for human consumption is treated…as if it were a controlled is treated…as if it were a controlled substance in Schedule I. substance in Schedule I.

So how has it been legal?So how has it been legal?

OriginsOrigins

1995 – Dr. John Hoffman, professor of 1995 – Dr. John Hoffman, professor of Organic Chemistry at Clemson UniversityOrganic Chemistry at Clemson University

Conducting research on effects of Conducting research on effects of cannabinoids on the braincannabinoids on the brain

Developed synthetic cannabinoid Developed synthetic cannabinoid (JWH-018) for use in the research(JWH-018) for use in the research

Published paper contained info on the Published paper contained info on the chemical usedchemical used

ProgressionProgression

Enterprising individuals replicated Enterprising individuals replicated the compound JWH-018 and began the compound JWH-018 and began spraying it on dried flowers, herbs, spraying it on dried flowers, herbs, and tobaccoand tobacco

JWH-018 is now the most common JWH-018 is now the most common synthetic cannabinoid found in Spice synthetic cannabinoid found in Spice blendsblends

ProgressionProgression

Spice begins sales around 2006Spice begins sales around 2006 Other unique, well designed Other unique, well designed

synthetics have spun off of the synthetics have spun off of the original designoriginal design

Others include JWH-73, CP-47,497 Others include JWH-73, CP-47,497 and HU-210 (there are literally and HU-210 (there are literally hundreds more)hundreds more)

Spice Ingredients - LabelSpice Ingredients - Label

Baybean, Blue Lotus, Lion's Tail, Baybean, Blue Lotus, Lion's Tail, Lousewort, Mugwort, Indian Warrior, Dwarf Lousewort, Mugwort, Indian Warrior, Dwarf Skullcap, Maconha Brava, Sassafrass, Pink Skullcap, Maconha Brava, Sassafrass, Pink Lotus, Marshmallow, Red Clover, Nutmeg, Lotus, Marshmallow, Red Clover, Nutmeg, Rose, Siberian Motherwort, Damiana, Rose, Siberian Motherwort, Damiana, Canavalia Maritime, Leonotis Leonurus, Canavalia Maritime, Leonotis Leonurus, Leonurus Sibiricus, Passion Flower, Vanilla Leonurus Sibiricus, Passion Flower, Vanilla Planifolia, Zorinia Latifolia, Magnolia Planifolia, Zorinia Latifolia, Magnolia Officinalis, Sage, Rosa Gallica, TrifoliumOfficinalis, Sage, Rosa Gallica, Trifolium

Spice Ingredients - ActualSpice Ingredients - Actual

May contain none, some, most, or all May contain none, some, most, or all of the listed ingredientsof the listed ingredients

Will also contain a synthetic or Will also contain a synthetic or combination of synthetics sprayed combination of synthetics sprayed onto the mixtureonto the mixture

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties

Looks like mixture of plant matterLooks like mixture of plant matter

Little to no chemical smell – any odor Little to no chemical smell – any odor would be due to dried plants (potpourri would be due to dried plants (potpourri smell)smell)

Effects of the DrugEffects of the Drug

Users report experiences similar to Users report experiences similar to cannabis with possibility of hallucinationscannabis with possibility of hallucinations

In mice it has lead to lower body temp, In mice it has lead to lower body temp, partial paralysis, and temporary inability partial paralysis, and temporary inability to feel painto feel pain

May also cause seizures, anxiety, May also cause seizures, anxiety, agitation, and dangerously increased agitation, and dangerously increased blood pressure and heart ratesblood pressure and heart rates

EffectsEffects

Little known regarding detailed Little known regarding detailed pharmacology and toxicologypharmacology and toxicology

Few formal, human studies publishedFew formal, human studies published Potential for longer than normal Potential for longer than normal

psychoactive effects due to longer psychoactive effects due to longer half-lives of chemicals and full half-lives of chemicals and full binding at receptor site vs partial binding at receptor site vs partial binding of THCbinding of THC

VariabilityVariability

The variability of substances present The variability of substances present from batch to batch helps to make it from batch to batch helps to make it virtually impossible to test forvirtually impossible to test for

No No ““standardstandard”” substances and substances and amountsamounts

TestingTesting

There are a few labs that can test for There are a few labs that can test for a few of the syntheticsa few of the synthetics

Makes this appealing to probationers, Makes this appealing to probationers, military, people in treatment facilities military, people in treatment facilities – anyone needing a clean UA– anyone needing a clean UA

Getting itGetting it

Typically Spice is sold over the Typically Spice is sold over the internet and in internet and in ““head shopshead shops””..

May also be found at convenience May also be found at convenience stores, truck stops, and smoke shopsstores, truck stops, and smoke shops

PricingPricing

Usually $20 - $60 (1 – 3 grams)Usually $20 - $60 (1 – 3 grams) Due to potency, can last awhileDue to potency, can last awhile

Hookah?Hookah?

Encounters from customers at Encounters from customers at Hookah bars suggest K 2 / Spice Hookah bars suggest K 2 / Spice and/or Salvia are being smoked at and/or Salvia are being smoked at Hookah barsHookah bars

Widespread useWidespread use

Current LegalityCurrent Legality

26 of the synthetic cannabinoids placed 26 of the synthetic cannabinoids placed in DEA Schedule Iin DEA Schedule I

As of July 1, Colorado has made As of July 1, Colorado has made manufacture and sale illegal. Jan 1, manufacture and sale illegal. Jan 1, 2012 possession and use are illegal 2012 possession and use are illegal

US Military has banned possession, useUS Military has banned possession, use Banned in Chile, France, Germany, S. Banned in Chile, France, Germany, S.

Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, and othersKorea, Sweden, Switzerland, and others

Manufacturers ResponseManufacturers Response

Within weeks of state bans, new Within weeks of state bans, new varieties of the drug which skirt the varieties of the drug which skirt the legal issues are on the market legal issues are on the market

K2 Sex Incense. In Compliance with Kansas Laws. Available in 3, 10, 50 gram packages

The HighThe High

1/10 gram put into a bong (usually)1/10 gram put into a bong (usually) 3-6 hits3-6 hits Quick onsetQuick onset Feels like MJ, but user may Feels like MJ, but user may

experience hallucinationsexperience hallucinations 6 – 8 hour high, some feel effect for 6 – 8 hour high, some feel effect for

24 hrs24 hrs

Addiction / WithdrawalAddiction / Withdrawal

There are numerous reports of There are numerous reports of addiction to Spiceaddiction to Spice

Also reports of withdrawal and OD Also reports of withdrawal and OD deaths from itdeaths from it

Withdrawal symptoms include: night Withdrawal symptoms include: night sweats, internal unrest, tremors, sweats, internal unrest, tremors, palpitations, insomnia, headaches, palpitations, insomnia, headaches, diarrhea, nausea, and vomitting diarrhea, nausea, and vomitting

Synthetic StimulantsSynthetic Stimulants

““Bath SaltsBath Salts”” Believed to be synthesized from Believed to be synthesized from

CathinoneCathinone Chemicals are Mephedrone and/or Chemicals are Mephedrone and/or

MDPVMDPV On par with cocaineOn par with cocaine May also be marketed as insect May also be marketed as insect

repellant or stain removersrepellant or stain removers

Bath SaltsBath Salts

Bath Salt ReportsBath Salt Reports

Users relate experiences similar to Users relate experiences similar to cocaine and methamphetaminecocaine and methamphetamine

Some state that the experience is Some state that the experience is better than cocainebetter than cocaine

May be snorted, May be snorted,

injected, or smokedinjected, or smoked

Effects on the bodyEffects on the body

As with Spice, not much known As with Spice, not much known regarding long term effects since the regarding long term effects since the drug is relatively newdrug is relatively new

Always possibility of addictionAlways possibility of addiction Use may cause hyperthermia, Use may cause hyperthermia,

increased heart rate and blood increased heart rate and blood pressure, paranoia, agitation, pressure, paranoia, agitation, dizziness, vomiting, coma, and deathdizziness, vomiting, coma, and death

““SmilesSmiles””(disclaimer necessary)(disclaimer necessary)

2C-I or possibly 25I-NBOMe (2C-I-NBOMe)2C-I or possibly 25I-NBOMe (2C-I-NBOMe) Effects seem to combine MDMA with LSDEffects seem to combine MDMA with LSD Some stimulant effects with intense, Some stimulant effects with intense,

prolonged hallucinationsprolonged hallucinations Unable to be tested for with standard Unable to be tested for with standard

testing procedurestesting procedures 2C-I Schedule I2C-I Schedule I 2C-I-Nbome not scheduled2C-I-Nbome not scheduled

2C-I or 2C-I or ““SmilesSmiles””

Due to lack of testing, OD may be Due to lack of testing, OD may be overlooked in ERoverlooked in ER’’ss

Known to cause seizures, muscular Known to cause seizures, muscular rigidity, increase temperature, rigidity, increase temperature, kidney failure, and fatally high blood kidney failure, and fatally high blood pressurepressure

Not uncommon for ODNot uncommon for OD’’s to result in s to result in deathdeath

2C-I or 2C-I or ““SmilesSmiles””

Comes in powder, liquid, and pillComes in powder, liquid, and pill Ingested orally, sublingually, insufflatedIngested orally, sublingually, insufflated Relatively easy to makeRelatively easy to make May be cooked into ediblesMay be cooked into edibles Potentially active at sub-milligram dosesPotentially active at sub-milligram doses New sister drugs already being seen – New sister drugs already being seen –

25b-Nbome25b-Nbome

OutlookOutlook

Synthetic variants of known drugs Synthetic variants of known drugs are becoming a rapidly growing trendare becoming a rapidly growing trend

Synthetics have the potential to be Synthetics have the potential to be more potent than the parent thereby more potent than the parent thereby increasing appealincreasing appeal

May cause greater changes to brain May cause greater changes to brain chemistry and lead to higher chemistry and lead to higher incidents of psychological disordersincidents of psychological disorders

On the horizon?On the horizon?

Krokodil (Crocodile)Krokodil (Crocodile) Very cheap heroin substituteVery cheap heroin substitute Used extensively in RussiaUsed extensively in Russia ““How to make it” guides on the internetHow to make it” guides on the internet

What is it?What is it?

KrokodilKrokodil

Mixture of Codeine, gasoline, paint Mixture of Codeine, gasoline, paint thinner, iodine, hydrochloric acid and thinner, iodine, hydrochloric acid and red phosphorusred phosphorus

After cooking, users inject the After cooking, users inject the substance intravenously substance intravenously

Name comes from the green, scaly Name comes from the green, scaly appearance that users skin takes onappearance that users skin takes on

Effects / ConsequencesEffects / Consequences

Effects very similar to heroin but high Effects very similar to heroin but high is shorter livedis shorter lived

Use causes skin to literally rot away Use causes skin to literally rot away Life expectancy of an addict is 1 yr or Life expectancy of an addict is 1 yr or

lessless Rehab possible but longer and Rehab possible but longer and

tougher than rehab from herointougher than rehab from heroin

Krokodil in the U.S.Krokodil in the U.S.

As of now, no known cases of use in As of now, no known cases of use in the U.S.the U.S.

It is possible that we will see it – It is possible that we will see it – cheaper and possibly easier to get cheaper and possibly easier to get than herointhan heroin

One to watch forOne to watch for

* Disclaimer ** Disclaimer *

The following pictures / videos are The following pictures / videos are very graphic. Please do not feel that very graphic. Please do not feel that you have to view them if you are you have to view them if you are uncomfortable with graphic, gross, uncomfortable with graphic, gross, and generally icky stuff.and generally icky stuff.

Contact InfoContact Info

Sgt. Craig SimpsonSgt. Craig Simpson

Colorado Springs Police DeptColorado Springs Police Dept

craigsimpson5@gmail.comcraigsimpson5@gmail.com

SourcesSources www.erowid.comwww.erowid.com http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/

synthetic-cannabinoidssynthetic-cannabinoids http://www.k2-incense.com/buyktwo/international.phphttp://www.k2-incense.com/buyktwo/international.php http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/35444158http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/35444158 http://www.livescience.com/health/fake-marijuana-k2-http://www.livescience.com/health/fake-marijuana-k2-

hallucinations-100303.htmlhallucinations-100303.html http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2010-05-24-k2_N.htmhttp://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2010-05-24-k2_N.htm http://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2010/jul/02/health-http://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2010/jul/02/health-

board-oks-emergency-ban-k2/board-oks-emergency-ban-k2/ http://www.areawidenews.com/story/1649977.htmlhttp://www.areawidenews.com/story/1649977.html http://www.desmoinesregister.com/article/20100721/NEWS/http://www.desmoinesregister.com/article/20100721/NEWS/

7210366/Pharmacy-board-bans-K2-synthetic-marijuana7210366/Pharmacy-board-bans-K2-synthetic-marijuana Colorado Springs Independent – July 22-28, 2010 Colorado Springs Independent – July 22-28, 2010 ““Incense Incense

NonsenseNonsense””