construction and evaluation of clusters and cluster programs · services fishing footwear forest...
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Construction and Evaluationof Clusters and Cluster Programs
Professor Örjan Sölvell
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Göran Lindqvist
Robin Teigland
Örjan Sölvell
Christian Ketels
MarieTsujita
SergiyProtsiv
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Agenda
Fact Based Policy
Construction of Clusters
Evaluation – Experiences
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ClustersCremona16th and 17th century: Andrea Amati,
Giuseppe Guarneri, Antonio Stradivari…
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www.clusterobservatory.eu
Europe
CSC - Stockholm
Orkestra – San Sebastian
Asia
Asia Competitiveness
Institute - Singapore
North America
ISC – Boston
ICAP - Toronto
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Star Maps
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Karlstad, Värmland: Forest/Paper
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Apparel
Bus ServFinancialServices
FishingFootwear
Forest Products
Heavy Constr
Leather
Oil
& Gas
Power Textiles
Tobacco
Transp & Log
0.01
0.1
1
10
0.01 0.1 1 10
GE(
2) U
SA
GE(2) EUR
Concentration EUR vs. USA
US
EU
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Agenda
Fact Based Policy
Construction of Clusters
Evaluation – Experiences
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International
National
Regional
Local
Construction Level
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Cluster Construction – Top-down
EU
Nations
Regions
Local Communities
The EU RolePolicy for Clusters1. Single Market2. Trade3. Competition4. Science5. Innovation
Cluster Policy1. Inspire cluster initiatives2. Fact-based policy/evaluation3. Cluster networking4. Cluster manager training5. Policy learning
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Cluster Construction – Bottom-up
Organic Clusters Planned Clusters
Public bodies
Industry
Research and EducationOrg. for
collaboration
Cluster initiatives
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Moskva City - Москва-Сити Wall Street
Organic Clusters Planned Clusters
?
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ClustersBalancing Evolutionary and Constructive Forces
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1. Agglomeration
2. Dynamism
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Time
Dynamism
Hero phase:Entrepreneurship
Maturity:Economies of scale Decline
Renaissance
”Museum”
Plan:
3. Life cycle
4. Construction
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Agglomeration
Dynamism
Life Cycle
Construction
Cluster Reconstruction Case
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Profomo Ingenjörs AB
Mills
Subcontractors
Mills
Subcontractors
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National
Regional
Local
Construction Levels Interact
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Agenda
Fact Based Policy
Construction of Clusters
Evaluation – Experiences
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1. What do you want to evaluate?
Cluster
Clusterevaluation
Plan:
ClusterProgram/Initiative
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2. What is your target area?
The individual
The business
sector
The business and
academic sectors
The setting
Student attraction, retention
HR upgradingVocational training
Management training
Incubators, spin-off promotion
Investment attraction
Operations, strategy development
Export promotion
Business services promotion
Joint purchasing, joint investment
Cluster expansion
Business
development
Bus. collaboration
Inter-firm innovation collaboration
Firm-university innovation collaborationInnovation
Institutional-legal environment
Infrastructural environment
Region branding
Business
environment
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3. Cause and effect
Targetarea
Clusterprogram
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3. Cause and effect
Unintended effects – insideand outside target area
Targetarea
Other explanations
Clusterprogram
1. Targets – expected impact?2. Keep your eyes open for unintended effects!
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Targetarea
Clusterprogram
4. Data
1. Hard data and soft indicators
who is involved in setting indicators?
2. Quantitative data (tables, graphs)Surveys of cluster initiative membersOfficial statistics
3. Qualitative data (cases, narrative stories)Process log by cluster managerInterviews
4. Generic or shadow controls
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5. Action
Unintended effects
Targetarea
Other explanations
Clusterprogram
Evaluationand
Communication
Results to share
Common understanding
Common vocabulary
Cluster managers get closer to members
Changed governance
Changed objectives
Changed activities
Changed financing
External
evaluator
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6. Why?
To:
Legitimize
Motivate
Learn
&
Act to improve policy
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Fact Based Policy
Construction of Clusters
Evaluation – Experiences
Thank you!