construction activities and process

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 1

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES AND PROCESS TUTORS: MR. LEE XIA SHENG AR. CHIN TUCK HING, MS. SUJA

LIM JIAN JUN 0316867

1 | P a g e

Site preparation Survey work 1 week

setting out 1 week Earthwork 1-2 weeks

Foundation Pile 3 weeks

pile cap 2 weeks Stump 2 weeks Ground Beam 2 weeks

Ground Floor

Slab 2 weeks Column 2 weeks Beam 2 weeks Staircase 2 weeks wall 2 weeks plastering 2 weeks

First Floor Slab 2 weeks

Column 2 weeks Beam 2 weeks Staircase 2 weeks wall 2 weeks plastering 2 weeks

Second Floor Slab 2 weeks

Column 2 weeks Beam 2 weeks Staircase 2 weeks wall 2 weeks plastering 2 weeks

Roof Slab

Utility Electrical Supply 1 week

Water Supply 1 week

Door and Windows Total: 2 week

Finishes 1st floor Kitchen

Plumbing 1 week Plastering interiors 1st floor 2 week Plastering Interiors 2nd floor 1 week Skidding floors

Painting - first coat 2 week Painting - second coat 2 week Sanitary fitting of bathroom and kitchen 1 week Electrical fitting 1 week

Total 57 week

2 | P a g e

WEEK 1

Activity 1: Site survey

Duration: 7 days

Materials: -

Equipment:-

Skilled Workers: Backhoe Loader Operator(1), General workers(4),

Lorry driver(1)

Technical Information: Analysis is done to the construction site by

surveyor and further planning and advices to the site for construction

preparation and development.

Activity 2: Mobilization

Duration: 2-3 days

Materials: Machineries

Equipment: Lorries(2), mobile crane(1), backhoe loaders(1), Hydraulic

Piling Hammer(1), excavator(1), compactor (1), boring machine(1)

Skilled Workers: lorry drivers(2), excavator operator(1), backhoe

loader operator(1), Hydraulic Piling Hammer operator(1), compactor

operators (1), boring machine operator(1)

Technical Information: Machineries required is delivered to the site

and wait for job to be executed.

Activity 3: Site Clearing

Duration: 7 days

Materials: -

Equipment: Backhoe Loader, chainsaw, lorry truck (carry earth &

plants away)

Skilled Workers: Backhoe Loader Operator(1), General workers(4),

Lorry driver(1)

Technical Information: Excavation of unfavorable soil and substances

such as stones and tree barks. Initial leveling is done for the

preparation of earthwork.

3 | P a g e

WEEK 2

Activity 1: Hoarding (setting out), staking (plan boundary)

Duration: 5 days

Materials: blue metal decks, nails, wooden pegs, planks, stakes,

Builder’s line

Equipment: hammer, measuring tape, theodolite, Dummy level,

construction sign board

Skilled Workers: quantity surveyor (2), general workers (4)

Technical Information: Boundary of the construction site is precisely

measured and borders the site where the construction takes place.

The site is marked with gridlines with a setback of 20 feet from the

road and 10 feet for the porch according to UBBL and the location of

the pile is marked.

Activity 2: Earthwork

Duration: 7 days

Materials: -

Equipment: excavator, compactor

Skilled Workers: Excavator Operator (1), Compactor Operator (1)

Technical Information: Removal of top soil and land leveling. The

land is excavated to around 300mm of the top soil. Keep away or

stored well for reuse due to its high water retentive characteristic.

4 | P a g e

WEEK 3

Activity 1: Earthwork (continued)

Duration: 7 days (continued from last week)

Materials: -

Equipment: excavator, compactor

Skilled Workers: Excavator Operator (1), Compactor Operator (1)

Technical information: Removal of top soil and land leveling. The

land is excavated to around 300mm of the top soil. Keep away or

stored well for reuse due to its high water retentive characteristic

Activity 2: Piling (Grid 13- Grid 15)

Duration: 10-14 days

Materials: Reinforced concrete piles, Concrete Grade 30,

Reinforcement, wooden formworks

Equipment: Hydraulic Piling Hammer(1), Rebar Bending machine(1),

Boring Machine(1), cement concrete mixer (1), hacker (1)

Skilled Workers: Hydraulic Piling Hammer Operator (1), Boring

Machine Operator (1), Rebar Bender (1), General construction

workers (6)

Technical Information: The depth/length of the piles is depending on

the soil condition based on the soil test, after that the engineers will

decide the pile length to fit the soil condition of the site, based on the

result of the test. Difference in height of the piles will be cut below

cap using hacker. The rebar connected to the piles are then removed

and left for the joining of capping reinforcement. Soil specimen is

taken for soil test experiment to determine the length of the pile. The

pile integrity test (Load test) is done to determine the strength to

support the load.

5 | P a g e

Week 4

Activity 1: Piling (Grid 8 - Grid 12)





Boring Machine(1), cement concrete mixer (1)



workers (6)

Technical Information: The depth/length of the piles is depending on

the soil condition based on the soil test, after that the engineers will

decide the pile length to fit the soil condition of the site, based on the

result of the test. Difference in height of the piles will be cut below

cap using hacker. The rebar connected to the piles are then removed

and left for the joining of capping reinforcement. Soil specimen is

taken for soil test experiment to determine the length of the pile. The

pile integrity test (Load test) is done to determine the strength to

support the load.

6 | P a g e

Week 5

Activity 1: Leveling of Piles before capping

Duration: 3 days







workers (6)

Technical Information: When the piling is penetrated into the soil,

the piles are in different height. The piles need to be cut before cap

by using hacker. The rebar are removed and then the capping

reinforcement are applied.

Activity 2: Pile capping

Duration: 7 -14 days







workers (6)

Technical Information: pile caps takes around 2 weeks to reach its

maximum strength, but usually it can be done after it is left curing for

about a week. Stumping can be constructed around that time.

7 | P a g e

Week 6

Activity 1: Stump from Pile caps

Duration:7 days-14 days

Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcements, timber formworks.

Equipment: Concrete Vibrator(1), Rebar bending machine(1),

tablesaw(1)

Skilled Workers: Land Surveyor (1), Carpenter(2), Bar Bender (1),

General worker (2)

Technical Information: After pilings , the land surveyor will identity of

the height required of the stumps and thereafter construct the

stumps based on the data. Steel rebar are bent into cage form, with

starter bar protruding upward to connect for latter construction of

columns. Constructed the same way as the pile capping, the stumps

are left for curing in order to achieve its required structural strength

before the construction of the beams. It is left to cure for a week.

8 | P a g e

WEEK 7

Activity 1: Ground Beam (Grid 13-Grid 17)

Duration: 14 days

Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcements, timber formworks,

Equipment: Concrete Vibrator(1), Rebar bending machine(1), table

saw(1), concrete mixer(1),

Skilled Workers: Carpenter(2), Rebar Bender (1), General worker (3)

Technical information: Formworks is constructed with steel rebar

reinforcement and starter bar. Thereafter a mixture of concrete with

aggregates and cement is then pour into the casting form and left for

curing around a week time.

9 | P a g e

WEEK 8

Activity 1: Ground Beam (Grid 8-Grid 13)

Duration: 14 days





Technical information: Formworks is constructed with steel rebar


aggregates and cement is then pour into the casting form and left for

curing around a week time.

10 | P a g e

Week 9

Activity 1: Ground floor slab (grid 12- grid 17)

Duration: 14 days


Damp Proof Membrane (DPM), Rigid Floor Insulation, screed plank




Technical Information: The Ground slab is cast after beam, the

workers can proceed to next construction during curing time.

Formworks is constructed with steel rebar reinforcement and starter

bar. Thereafter a mixture of concrete with aggregates and cement is

then pour into the casting form and left for curing around a week

time. DPM is laid on the concrete and screeded with long even plank.

11 | P a g e

Week 10

Activity 1: Ground floor slab (grid 8 - 12 ,continued from the first )

Duration: 14 days












12 | P a g e

Week 11

Activity 1: Ground Floor Columns (Grid 12 – Grid 15)

Duration: 14 Days

Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork

Equipment: Concrete Mixer(1), Concrete vibrator (1) , bar bending

machine (1), table saw

Skilled worker: Carpenter (2) , bar bender (2), general worker (4)

Technical information: Same as the construction of beams, the

formworks is constructed with steel rebar reinforcement and starter


then pouring into the casting form and left for curing around a week

time.

13 | P a g e

Week 12

Activity 1: Ground Floor Columns (Grid 8-Grid 11)

Duration: 14 Days









time.

Activity 2: First Floor Beam (Grid 12- Grid 17) , first half

Duration: 14 Days





Technical information: The formworks is constructed with steel rebar


aggregates and cement is then pouring into the casting form and left

for curing around a week time.

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Week 13

Activity 2: First Floor Beam (Grid 8 - Grid 12) , second half

Duration: 14 Days









15 | P a g e

Week 14

Activity 1: First Floor Slab (Grid 13-grid 17)

Duration: 14 days






Technical Information: The Ground slab is cast after beams, the




then pour into the casting, screeded with plank and then left for

curing around a week time. A layer of protection is laid on top of the

concrete during curing.

16 | P a g e

Week 15

Activity 1: First Floor Slab ( second half floor)

Duration: 14 days













17 | P a g e

Week 16

Activity 1: first floor column (grid 12-grid 17), first half

Duration: 14 Days









time.

Activity 2: Ground Floor Staircase (to level 1)

Duration: 8-14 days



saw(1), concrete mixer(1), spirit level.

Skilled Workers: Carpenter (2), Rebar Bender (1), General worker (3)

Technical Information: The formworks of the stairs is constructed

with steel rebar reinforcement and starter bar. Thereafter a mixture

of concrete with aggregates and cement is then pouring into the

casting form and left for curing around a week time. A concrete test is

taken to check the strength of the casting after it was left to cure for

a week.

18 | P a g e

Week 17

Activity 1: first floor column (grid 8-grid 12), second half

Duration: 14 Days









time.

Activity 2: Second Floor Beam (Grid 12- Grid 17) , first half

Duration: 14 Days









Activity 3: Ground Floor Staircase (to level 1, continued)

Duration: 8-14 days










a week.

19 | P a g e

Week 18

Activity 1: Second Floor Beam (Grid 8- Grid 12) , second half

Duration: 14 Days









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Week 19

Activity 1: Second Floor Slab (first half)

Duration: 14 days













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Week 20

Activity 1: Second Floor Slab (second half)

Duration: 14 days













22 | P a g e

Week 21

Activity 1: Second floor column (grid 8-grid 13)

Duration: 14 Days









time.

Activity 2: First Floor Staircase (to level 2)

Duration: 8-14 days










a week.

23 | P a g e

Week 22

Activity 1: Roof floor Beams (Grid 8- Grid 13) , All floor

Duration: 14 Days









24 | P a g e

Week 23

Activity 1: third floor Slab (all floor)

Duration: 14 days













25 | P a g e

WEEK 24

Activity 1: brickwalls Ground Level (Grid 3- 4)


Materials: 100mmx 215mmx 75mm Clay Bricks, Cement mortar,

Builder’s line, Wire mesh reinforcement

Equipment: Wheel barrow (2), Shovel (2), Groovers (5), Edges (5)

Skilled Workers: General Workers (6)

Technical Information: Builder’s line is used to alight the walls during

stacking of bricks and construction of the wall. The clay bricks are

bonded with mortar and stack together with specific bonding pattern.

Wire mesh is laid on the bricks in certain layer interval as

reinforcement and stiffer will be constructed between walls to

strengthen the walls.

26 | P a g e

WEEK 25

Activity 1: brickwalls Ground Level (Grid 4-5)












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Week 26

Activity 1: brickwalls Ground Level (Grid 5-6)












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Week 27

Activity 1: Brickwall First Level (Grid 3-4)












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Week 28













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Week 29













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Week 30

Activity 1: Brickwall Second Level (Grid 3-4a)












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Week 31

Activity 1: Brickwall Second Level (Grid 4a-5)












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Week 32

Activity 1: Brickwall Second Level (Grid 13 -17)












Activitity 2: Façade roof slab

Duration: 14 days












34 | P a g e

Week 33

Activity 1: Framing (ground floor)

Durations: 7 days

Materials: Openings wooden frame (for door and windows)

Equipment: Spirit level, Measuring tape


Technical Information: The opening frames are constructed in

position and align after the brick wall is done. Architrave is added

after the door/window frame is added.

Activity 2: Incoming Electrical Circuit Supply Installation


Materials: Copper Cables (different sizes), Kilowatt hour meter

Equipment: Voltmeter, Ammeter, Plyers, Screws and nuts,

Skilled Workers: Electric Technician (2), Plumbers (2)

Technical Information: Incoming electricity cables are brought into

the house and connected to a circuit box in the house to facilitate the

plumbing works later on.

Week 34

Activity 1: Framing (First floor)

Durations: 7 days







Activity 2: Incoming Electrical Circuit Supply Installation

Duration: 10-14 days (continued)

Materials: Copper Cables (different sizes), Kilowatt hour meter

Equipment: Voltmeter, Ammeter, Plyers, Screws and nuts,

Skilled Workers: Electric Technician (2), Plumbers (2)

Technical Information: Incoming electricity cables are brought into

the house and connected to a circuit box in the house to facilitate the

plumbing works later on.

35 | P a g e

Week 35

Activity 1: Framing (Second floor)

Durations: 7 days







Activity 2: Ground Floor Plumbing (First Fix)

Duration: 14 days

Materials: Copper Cables (different sizes), PVC pipes, socket box

Equipment: Voltmeter, Ammeter, Plyers, Screws and nuts, Hacking

machine

Skilled Workers: Electricians(2), Plumbers (2)

Technical Information: Technicians will determine the location of the

sockets according to the engineering blue print. The brick wall is

hacked to accommodate the wiring pipe from the top to the ground

according UBBL requirements. The wall sockets will be installed after

the wiring is done.

36 | P a g e

Week 36

Activity 1: First Floor Plumbing (First Fix)

Duration: 14 days



machine






the wiring is done.

Week 37

Activity 1: First Floor Plumbing (First Fix)

Duration: 14 days



machine






the wiring is done.

Activity 2: Second Floor Plumbing (First Fix)

Duration: 14 days



machine






the wiring is done.

Activity 3: Plumbing (Sanitary and Kitchen)

Duration: 14 days



machine






the wiring is done.

37 | P a g e

Week 38

Activity 1: Plumbing (Sanitary and Kitchen)

Duration: 14 days



machine






the wiring is done.

Week 39

Activity 1: Ground floor Wall Plastering (Grid 1-Grid 3)

Duration: 14-21 days (interior and exterior)

Materials: cement plaster, skim coat

Equipment: buckets, cement spatula trowels, groovers, edgers,

planks, sponges, scaffolding, plaster spray

Skilled Workers: general workers (2), plasterers(3)

Technical information: The plaster layer is not more than half inches,

and left for drying about 7 days before the finishing is applied. The

first coating thickness is around 1/2 to 3/4 inches while the finishing

coat will be around 3/16 inches thick. The surface of the rendering

preferably wetted before application of plastering. Rough surface

plastering is usually used outdoor to resist harsh weathering. Smooth

surface plastering with pores and easily defected characteristic is

preferably used indoor.

38 | P a g e

Week 40

Activity 1: Ground floor wall plastering (Grid 4-4a)














39 | P a g e

Week 41

Activity 1: Ground floor plastering (Grid 4a-6)














Activity 2: First floor plastering (Grid 1- Grid 4)








surface of the rendering preferably wetted before application of

plastering. Rough surface plastering is usually used outdoor to resist

harsh weathering. Smooth surface plastering with pores and easily

defected characteristic is preferably used indoor.

40 | P a g e

Week 42

Activity 1: First floor plastering (Grid 4- Grid 4a)














41 | P a g e

Week 43

Activity 1: First floor plastering (Grid 4a-6)












Activity 2: Second floor plastering (Grid 1-Grid 4)












42 | P a g e

Activity 3: Ground Floor Tiling (Grid 13- Grid 17)


Materials: Ceramic tiles, Cement mortar, Silicone sealant

Equipment: Spirit level (1), Groovers (3), Tile cutter (1), Carpenter’s

square (1)

Skilled Worker: General worker (2)

Technical Information: Tiles are precisely measured according to the

application area of the building. This can help to save number of tiles

and as well able to maximize the applying area. The tile will be cut

into varies sizes and shapes to fit those with smaller surface area.

43 | P a g e

Week 44

Activity 1: second floor plastering (Grid 4-4b)














44 | P a g e

Activity 2: Ground Floor Tiling (Grid 10-13)




square (1)






45 | P a g e

Week 45

Activity 1: Second floor plastering (Grid 4b-6)














46 | P a g e

Activity 2: Ground Floor Tiling (Grid 8- Grid 10)




square (1)






47 | P a g e

Activity 3: First Floor Tiling (Grid 14-17)




square (1)






48 | P a g e

Week 46





square (1)






49 | P a g e

Week 47





square (1)






50 | P a g e

Activity 2 : Second Floor Tiling (Grid 10 – Grid 13)




square (1)






51 | P a g e

Week 48

Activity 1: Second Floor Tiling (Grid 8- Grid 10)




square (1)






52 | P a g e

Week 49

Activity 1: Finishing – undercoat (Ground floor)

Duration: 21 days

Materials: Wall Sealer

Equipment: Edgers, groovers, screed plank, Paint brushes, Point

rollers

Skilled Worker: Painter (5)

Technical Information: Sealer is required to seal the holes, hairline

cracks of the walls. The walls are needed to seal to prevent the

drywall from absorbing the moisture and the paint. By applying a

layer of sealer, it gives the wall an adhesive base for the paint to stick

on firmly without having bubbling and waterborne stain.

Week 50:

Activity 1: Finishing – Undercoat (First floor) Duration: 21 days Materials: Wall Sealer Equipment: Edgers, groovers,plank, Paint brushes, Point rollers Skilled Worker: Painter (5) Technical Information: Sealer is required to seal the holes, hairline cracks of the walls. The walls are needed to seal to prevent the drywall from absorbing the moisture and the paint. By applying a layer of sealer, it gives the wall an adhesive base for the paint to stick on firmly without having bubbling and waterborne stain.

Activity 2: Painting – Uppercoat (Ground floor) Duration: 14 days Materials: Paint Equipment: Paint brush (3), Point roller (3) Skilled Worker: Painter (5) Technical Information: Painting for finishing should be done after the plastering and undercoating are completely dried up to prevent bubbling of the wall due to the moisture. Painting requires few layers for better surface finishes.

53 | P a g e

Week 51

Activity 1: Finishing – Undercoat (Second floor)

Duration: 21 days

Materials: Wall Sealer

Equipment: Edgers, groovers,plank, Paint brushes, Point rollers


Technical Information: Sealer is required to seal the holes, hairline

cracks of the walls. The walls are needed to seal to prevent the

drywall from absorbing the moisture and the paint. By applying a

layer of sealer, it gives the wall an adhesive base for the paint to stick

on firmly without having bubbling and waterborne stain.

Activity 2: Painting – First coat (First Floor)

Duration: 14 days

Materials: Paint

Equipment: Paint brush (3), Point roller (3)


Technical Information: Painting for finishing should be done after the

plastering and undercoating are completely dried up to prevent

bubbling of the wall due to the moisture. Painting requires few layers

for better surface finishes.

54 | P a g e

Week 52

Activity 1: Painting – First coat (Second Floor)

Duration: 14 days

Materials: Paint

Equipment: Paint brush (3), Point roller (3)


Technical Information: Painting for finishing should be done after the

plastering and undercoating are completely dried up to prevent

bubbling of the wall due to the moisture. Painting requires few layers

for better surface finishes.

55 | P a g e

Week 53

Activity 1: Doors, Windows and Screens installation

Durations: 10-14 days

Materials: precast aluminum window frames, doors, glass windows

panels, door frames, pre-manufactured wooden,wooden crossed

screen , screws, sealer

Equipment: Bolts and Nuts, Screwdriver and related toolkit.

Skilled worker: General worker (4)

Technical information: The doors and windows are then installed to

the walls, replacing the temporary frames and secured with screws

and sealer.

56 | P a g e

Week 54

Activity 1: Doors, Windows and Screens installation

Durations: 10-14 days (continued)

Materials: precast aluminum window frames, doors, glass windows

panels, door frames, pre-manufactured wooden,wooden crossed

screen , screws, sealer



Technical information: The doors and windows are then installed to

the walls, replacing the temporary frames and secured with screws

and sealer. Prefabricated screen is secured with fixtures and nut onto

the walls.

Activity 2: Electrical & Sanitary fittings

Durations: 14 days

Materials: Wall sockets, Wall plugs and bathroom porcelain

appliances



Technical information: Standard electrical appliances are then fixed

during the last phase.

57 | P a g e

Week 55

Activity 1: Pavings Duration: 10-15 days Materials: paving stones, bricks, Concrete Grade 30, reinforcements, timber formworks,plank Equipment: wheel barrow, Concrete Mixer(1), (1), table saw Skilled Workers: general workers (4) Technical information: Paving stones to be laid on the soil as pavement of walkway, parking, and garden.

Week 56

Activity 1: Pavings Duration: 10-15 days (continued) Materials: paving stones, bricks, Concrete Grade 30, reinforcements, timber formworks,plank Equipment: wheel barrow, Concrete Mixer(1), (1), table saw Skilled Workers: general workers (4) Technical information: Paving stones to be laid on the soil as pavement of walkway, parking, and garden.

Week 57

Activity 1: Grass turfing – External work

Duration: 7 days

Materials: lawn turf rolls (depends on the size of garden), bricks

Equipment: wheel barrow, gardening tool kits, water pipes

Skilled Workers: lawn turf layers(2), general workers (2)

Technical information: Soil preparation is done before laying the rolls

of grass turf on the soil surfaces. Excavated soil can be reused as the

base of the courtyard. Loose stones and building rubble will prevent

the turves roots from making contact with the soil and could make

the turf die in patches. The top soil should then be thoroughly

rotivated down to about the first 6 inches to aerate it properly. It is

then raked level and gently treaded down.

construction activities and process

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