constitutionalism parliament limits the english monarchy
TRANSCRIPT
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ConstitutionalismParliament Limits the
English Monarchy
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London, England
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Some Vocab
• Constitutionalism: Laws limit the rulers power
• Parliament: The legislative body of government in England and other parts of the world. They check the power of the monarch and make laws. Similar to Congress in the USA.
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Monarchs Clash with Parliament* James I—King of England 1603-1625 (Remember
Elizabeth died w/o an heir. He was already James VI of Scotland and her cousin.)
-believed in divine right of kings
-struggled with Parliament over money
-he was a Calvinist, yet refused to make Puritan reforms like getting rid of bishops
-He seemed to favor the Catholics because he didn’t cater to the Puritans (who were extreme Protestants).
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Charles I-Began taxing w/o Par. consent-When Par. objected, he dissolved (dismissed) Parliament-Petition of Right 1628 (he ignores it in the end)
-Charles agreed to:1) not imprison subjects w/o due cause2) not levy high taxes w/o Par. consent3) not house soldiers in private homes
-quartering4) not impose martial law in peacetime
-yet it was important, indicating the law was higher than the king
- “Long Parliament” forces king to sign Triennial Act (Par. Must be called every 3 years)
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English Civil War (1642-1649)
-Charles I wanted both his kingdoms (England and Scotland which he inherited through his grandmother, Mary Queen of Scots) to follow one religion.
-the Scots rebelled (Presbyterian)-Charles I needed $ to fight the Scots
-called on Parliament-Par. used this opportunity to pass laws limiting royal power and wouldn’t give
him an army-angered Charles I-raised his own army
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Execution of the King
• More Religious Issues– Charles had married a French Catholic– Seemed too sympathetic to the Cath. Church
• Tried to bring back more ritual to the Anglican Church of England
• Angered the Puritans
• Execution (regicide), 1649– The Puritans demanded that Charles be tried
for treason after the Civil War
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Parliament: London, England
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Oliver Cromwell (r.1653-1658)
*English Civil War:1642-1649-Royalists/Cavaliers = supported Charles I-Roundheads = Puritan supporters of Par.
*Oliver Cromwell-Led the Roundheads -Defeated Cavaliers-Put Charles on trial for treason, beheaded 1649-Created a republican form of govt. -Promoted religious tolerance-Ruled until 1658 as a dictator
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Cromwell Statue in Front of Westminster Abbey
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Restoration and Revolution
-Charles II succeeded Cromwell (elected by Par.) 1660-restored the monarchy-habeas corpus 1679
-gave every prisoner the right to trial-James II and the Glorious Revolution
-1685 James II came to power-Catholic bro of Charles II
-Parliament members helped overthrow James II-put Mary (daughter of James) and William of
Orange on the throne-called the Glorious Revolution, a bloodless revolution in1688
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William and Mary
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Political Changes Due to Glorious Revoltuion
-Constitutional Monarchy-Laws limit the ruler’s power
-English Bill of Rights 1689-Listed what a ruler could not do
-Cabinet system develops-Group of gov’t ministers representing
Par.
-Model for U.S. gov’t
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Quickwrite
• In what ways did the English monarchs of the 17th and 18th century challenge the concept of Constitutionalism? (In other words, what did they do to oppose the English Parliament?)