• ConstitutionConstitution: sets forth laws and : sets forth laws and establish the structure of establish the structure of governmentgovernment• LegislaturesLegislatures (Congress)make (Congress)make

laws laws • PeoplePeople make laws make laws• CourtsCourts make laws. make laws.• Administrative Agencies Administrative Agencies make lawsmake laws

• Federal Statutes Federal Statutes are another are another name for a law. When Congress name for a law. When Congress passes a federal statute, it passes a federal statute, it affects people in every state.affects people in every state.• State Statutes State Statutes are laws with are laws with

statewide impact (education, statewide impact (education, transportation, and traffic laws) transportation, and traffic laws) to name a few.to name a few.

•United States citizens are United States citizens are expected to obey laws expected to obey laws that come from the that come from the ConstitutionConstitution, , LegislaturesLegislatures, the , the peoplepeople, , and the and the CourtsCourts..

• Supremacy ClauseSupremacy Clause: establishes : establishes the U.S. Constitution, federal the U.S. Constitution, federal laws, and ratified treaties as laws, and ratified treaties as the supreme law of the land.the supreme law of the land.• ExtraditionExtradition: the process in : the process in

which one country asks another which one country asks another country to surrender a country to surrender a suspected or convicted criminalsuspected or convicted criminal

• Legislative IntentLegislative Intent: a judge who : a judge who interprets what the legislature meant interprets what the legislature meant when they passed a law.when they passed a law.• Ordinances: Ordinances: local governments local governments

(Chicago) pass laws or issue rules (Chicago) pass laws or issue rules • A court establishes a A court establishes a precedent precedent when when

its decisions on legal questions give its decisions on legal questions give direction to future cases on similar direction to future cases on similar questions. Also, known as a court-questions. Also, known as a court-made law. made law.

• A A bill bill is an idea for a law which come is an idea for a law which come from legislatures, the executive from legislatures, the executive branch, individual citizens, citizen branch, individual citizens, citizen groups, businesses, or lobbyists groups, businesses, or lobbyists (represent specific interest groups).(represent specific interest groups).• When a When a billbill becomes a becomes a law law it must be it must be

obeyedobeyed• When a judge interprets an unclear When a judge interprets an unclear

law that was passed the judge uses law that was passed the judge uses legislative intent legislative intent to clarify the law. to clarify the law.

• Administrative Agencies Administrative Agencies make make rules and regulations that affect rules and regulations that affect business and industrybusiness and industry• Example: created by Congress the Example: created by Congress the

Occupational Safety and Health Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OHSA) Administration (OHSA) develops develops specific regulations governing specific regulations governing healthier and safety on the job.healthier and safety on the job.

Two types of courtTwo types of court::•Trial CourtTrial Court: your initial trial. : your initial trial. •Appellate CourtsAppellate Courts: the person : the person who loses a trial can sometimes who loses a trial can sometimes ask a higher court to review and ask a higher court to review and change the result of a trial. change the result of a trial. These higher courts are called These higher courts are called appeals or Appellate Courts. appeals or Appellate Courts.

•Difference between a bill a statute. A bill is a proposed statute in a legislature (law making body). A statute is a bill that becomes law.