CONSERVING CONSERVING RESOURCESRESOURCES

Chapter 27Chapter 27

Section 1 - ResourcesSection 1 - Resources• Warm-Up: How are a corn oil and Warm-Up: How are a corn oil and

motor oil alike and different?motor oil alike and different?

• Answer: Both are oil and come from Answer: Both are oil and come from living things. Corn is a renewable living things. Corn is a renewable resource that grew in one summer. resource that grew in one summer. The motor oil is a non-renewable The motor oil is a non-renewable resource that took millions of years to resource that took millions of years to form from the remains of organisms.form from the remains of organisms.

Natural Natural ResourcesResources•The parts of The parts of

Earth’s Earth’s environment environment that are useful that are useful or necessary or necessary for the survival for the survival of living of living organisms.organisms.

Renewable Renewable ResourcesResources•Any natural Any natural

resource that resource that is recycled or is recycled or replaced replaced constantly by constantly by nature.nature.

Nonrenewable Nonrenewable ResourcesResources

•Natural Natural resources that resources that are used up are used up more quickly more quickly than they can than they can be replaced be replaced (ex: petroleum).(ex: petroleum).

Fossil FuelsFossil Fuels•Fuels formed Fuels formed in Earth’s crust in Earth’s crust over hundreds over hundreds of millions of of millions of years.years.

What are some What are some Alternatives to Fossil Alternatives to Fossil

Fuels?Fuels?

Water PowerWater Power•Hydroelectric Hydroelectric

power is power is electricity that is electricity that is produced when produced when the energy of the energy of falling water is falling water is used to turn the used to turn the turbines of an turbines of an electric generatorelectric generator

Wind PowerWind Power•Wind turns the Wind turns the blades of a blades of a turbine, which turbine, which powers an powers an electric electric generator.generator.

Nuclear PowerNuclear Power•Nuclear energy is Nuclear energy is

released when released when billions of atomic billions of atomic nuclei from nuclei from uranium, a uranium, a radioactive radioactive element, are split element, are split apart in a nuclear apart in a nuclear fission reaction.fission reaction.

Geothermal EnergyGeothermal Energy•The heat energy The heat energy

contained in Earth’s contained in Earth’s crust is called crust is called geothermal energy. geothermal energy. Most geothermal Most geothermal power plants use this power plants use this energy to produce energy to produce steam to generate steam to generate energy.energy.

Solar EnergySolar Energy•Solar energy Solar energy

comes from the comes from the sun, and is sun, and is inexhaustible. It inexhaustible. It can be used when can be used when captured by solar captured by solar cells.cells.

Water PowerWater Power•Hydroelectric Hydroelectric

power is power is electricity that is electricity that is produced when produced when the energy of the energy of falling water is falling water is used to turn the used to turn the turbines of an turbines of an electric generatorelectric generator

Section 2 – Section 2 – PollutionPollution

Air PollutionAir Pollution•Pollutants are Pollutants are

substances that substances that contaminate the contaminate the environment.environment.

•Air pollutants are Air pollutants are soot, smoke, ash, soot, smoke, ash, gases, dust, sand, gases, dust, sand, & evaporation of & evaporation of chemicals.chemicals.

Acid precipitationAcid precipitation•Air pollutants react with water in Air pollutants react with water in

the atmosphere to form acid rain, the atmosphere to form acid rain, with a pH below 5.6.with a pH below 5.6.

•Lucy Lake

Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect•Sunlight that is Sunlight that is

trapped in Earth’s trapped in Earth’s atmosphere by atmosphere by gases causes the gases causes the greenhouse greenhouse effect, which effect, which increases increases temperatures.temperatures.

Global WarmingGlobal Warming• The Earth’s average The Earth’s average

temperature has increased temperature has increased about 1 degree Celsius in about 1 degree Celsius in the past 100 years, likely as the past 100 years, likely as a result of more fossil fuels a result of more fossil fuels in the atmosphere.in the atmosphere.

• Results? – Changing rainfall Results? – Changing rainfall patterns, # of storms & patterns, # of storms & hurricanes increases, polar hurricanes increases, polar ice caps melt, warmer ice caps melt, warmer weather (leads to more weather (leads to more tropical diseases)tropical diseases)

Ozone DepletionOzone Depletion• Ozone is a form of Oxygen.Ozone is a form of Oxygen.• The ozone layer is 20 km The ozone layer is 20 km

above Earth’s surface, and it above Earth’s surface, and it absorbs some of the Sun’s UV absorbs some of the Sun’s UV rays.rays.

• The thinning of the ozone The thinning of the ozone layer is called ozone depletion, layer is called ozone depletion, & is caused by pollutant & is caused by pollutant gases, especially CFC’s, which gases, especially CFC’s, which are found in some spray are found in some spray bottles, refrigerators, freezers, bottles, refrigerators, freezers, and air conditioners.and air conditioners.

UV RadiationUV Radiation• Because of ozone depletion, Because of ozone depletion,

the amount of UV radiation the amount of UV radiation that reaches Earth’s surface that reaches Earth’s surface is increasing, leading to a is increasing, leading to a rise in the # of skin cancer rise in the # of skin cancer cases, and harming other cases, and harming other organisms such as plants organisms such as plants and animals.and animals.

Indoor Air PollutionIndoor Air Pollution• Buildings that are well-Buildings that are well-

insulated reduce the flow of insulated reduce the flow of air into and out of a building, air into and out of a building, so air pollutants (smoke, so air pollutants (smoke, carpet fibers, glue, paint, carpet fibers, glue, paint, formaldehyde from formaldehyde from photocopiers) can build up photocopiers) can build up indoors.indoors.

Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide•CO is a poisonous CO is a poisonous

gas that is produced gas that is produced whenever charcoal, whenever charcoal, natural gas, natural gas, kerosene, or other kerosene, or other fuels are burned. It fuels are burned. It can cause serious can cause serious illness or death.illness or death.

RadonRadon• Radon is a naturally Radon is a naturally

occurring, occurring, radioactive gas that radioactive gas that is given off by some is given off by some types of rock and types of rock and soil. It has no color soil. It has no color or odor. It can seep or odor. It can seep into basements, into basements, and is the 2and is the 2ndnd leading cause of leading cause of lung cancer!lung cancer!

Water PollutionWater Pollution• Pollution enters water when litter or waste Pollution enters water when litter or waste

materials are dumped into rivers, lakes, & materials are dumped into rivers, lakes, & oceans, when factories and sewage-treatment oceans, when factories and sewage-treatment plants release it into waterways, or when air plants release it into waterways, or when air pollutants are washed out of the sky by rain.pollutants are washed out of the sky by rain.

Soil LossSoil Loss• The movement of soil from one place to another is called The movement of soil from one place to another is called

erosion; it is a natural process, but human activities erosion; it is a natural process, but human activities increase it. Eroded soil that washes into a river or increase it. Eroded soil that washes into a river or stream can block sunlight and slow photosynthesis.stream can block sunlight and slow photosynthesis.

• Erosion photos

Soil PollutionSoil Pollution• Solid Wastes – dumped in landfills, Solid Wastes – dumped in landfills,

pollutants seep into the surrounding pollutants seep into the surrounding ground and waterground and water

• Hazardous wastes – waste materials that Hazardous wastes – waste materials that are harmful to human health or poisonous are harmful to human health or poisonous to living organisms; usually handled to living organisms; usually handled separately from trash; treated in ways separately from trash; treated in ways that prevent environmental pollution.that prevent environmental pollution.

Section 3 – The Section 3 – The Three Rs of Three Rs of

ConservationConservation

ConservationConservation• Conservation efforts can help prevent shortages of natural Conservation efforts can help prevent shortages of natural

resources, slow growth of landfills, reduce pollution levels, resources, slow growth of landfills, reduce pollution levels, and save people money. and save people money.

• Every time a new landfill is created, an ecosystem is Every time a new landfill is created, an ecosystem is disturbed. disturbed.

• Reducing the need for landfills is a major benefit of Reducing the need for landfills is a major benefit of conservation.conservation.

• The 3 Rs of conservation are REDUCE, REUSE, AND RECYCLE!The 3 Rs of conservation are REDUCE, REUSE, AND RECYCLE!

ReduceReduce• Use fewer products that are made of Use fewer products that are made of

fossil fuels.fossil fuels.• Carpool/walk/ride a bike/take public Carpool/walk/ride a bike/take public

transporttransport• Don’t buy things you don’t needDon’t buy things you don’t need

ReuseReuse• Use items more than once – ex: reuse Use items more than once – ex: reuse

canvas grocery bags, donate clothes to canvas grocery bags, donate clothes to charity, use washable dishes rather than charity, use washable dishes rather than disposable onesdisposable ones

RecycleRecycle

• Recycling is a form of reuse that requires changing or Recycling is a form of reuse that requires changing or reprocessing an item or natural resource.reprocessing an item or natural resource.

• Glass, metals, paper, plastics, yard & kitchen waste can Glass, metals, paper, plastics, yard & kitchen waste can all be recycled.all be recycled.