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Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Wooster, OH [email protected]

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Conservation of urban ash

trees is a viable strategy

Dan Herms

Department of Entomology

The Ohio State University

Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center

Wooster, OH

[email protected]

Page 2: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

A Toledo street before and after EAB

June 2006 August 2009

Page 3: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

Two common misconceptions are often used to justify

preemptive removal of healthy ash trees:

• Insecticides are not effective.

• Pre-emptive removal of healthy trees slows the

spread of EAB.

Page 4: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

“…city decided not to treat affected trees with insecticides because

of the expense and the ineffectiveness of the treatments.”

“While insecticides are available that can be professionally applied to

try to combat the emerald ash borer, recent studies have not shown

significant success with these products, according to the city.”

“…there are no known preventions or cures. Treating a tree in an

infested area will only prolong the inevitable demise of the tree. For

this reason, the city will not attempt to save any public ash trees.”

Misconception: insecticides are not effective

Page 5: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

“…cutting them down is a sure pre-emptive strike. If that's what has to be

done to prevent the spread of the emerald ash borer, then that's just what

has to be done…”

“The city began cutting down trees on city property marked for

removal on Thursday, the beginning of a six-week campaign to get rid

of 700 trees and attempt to slow the spread of the insect.”

“…are trying to slow the spread of the emerald ash borer, an

invasive insect known for spreading like wildfire and killing ash

trees. The trees here are not believed to be infested with EAB…”

Misconception: tree removal slows the spread of EAB

Page 6: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

Conservation of ash in urban environments as part of an

integrated EAB management strategy:

Page 7: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

Multi-year evaluation of systemic insecticides

for control of EAB on street trees

• Soil treatments: Imidacloprid and

Dinotefuran

• Trunk injections: Imidacloprid,

Emamectin Benzoate, Azadirachtin

• Systemic basal trunk sprays:

Dinotefuran

Page 8: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

Imidacloprid Soil Drenches

1. Merit 2F, 1.4 g ai / inch DBH, spring

2. Merit 2F, 1.4 g ai / inch DBH, fall

3. Xytect 75WP, 1.4 g ai / inch DBH, fall

4. Xytect 75WP, 2.8 g ai / inch DBH, spring

5. Xytect 75WP, 2.8 g ai / inch DBH, fall

Page 9: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

Imidacloprid Soil Drenches (14-20 inch DBH)

Page 10: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

2006 2010

Page 11: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

2011

Page 12: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

Trunk Injections

Page 13: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

Emamectin Benzoate: duration of

control at different rates (DBH: 20-25”)

Emamectin benzoate (Tree-äge)

0.1 g ai / inch DBH (2.5 ml / inch - low)

0.2 g ai / inch DBH (5 ml / inch – med)

0.4 g ai / inch DBH (10 ml / inch – med / high)

0.8 g ai / inch DBH (20 ml / inch)

Treat in June 2006 and see how long they work.

Page 14: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

Tree-äge rate study (20-25 inch DBH)

Page 15: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

2006

Page 16: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

2009

Page 17: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

Safari (Dinotefuron) Trials in Bowling Green

• Basal trunk sprays

• Low volume soil injection

Page 18: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

Page 19: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

Summary Conclusions:

1. Imidacloprid soil drenches most effective on large trees

when applied at the 2X (2.8 g ai / inch DBH) rate.

Xytect is labeled for this rate.

2. Safari soil and basal bark spray treatments providing

good control. High rate appears most effective.

3. Soil treatments must be applied annually. Fall requires

higher rate than spring.

4. Emamectin Benzoate provides 2 years of control even at

low rate.

Page 20: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

Insecticides effective on large trees even under

intense pest pressure.

Page 21: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

Special thanks to:

Dave Bienemann,

City of Bowling Green

Craig Scharr, City of Toledo

Page 22: Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy · Conservation of urban ash trees is a viable strategy Dan Herms Department of Entomology ... of 700 trees and attempt to slow

Will they impact ground and surface

water?

Will they impact aquatic organisms?

What about residues in leaves that

fall in autumn?

Will they harm honey bees? Other

insects? Woodpeckers?

Will injection wounds harm the tree?

Will EAB evolve insecticide

resistance?

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