AAR652 –South East AsianBuilding Conservation

Team members :Mohammad Hazwan Bin Abd Rahman, Nur ain farhana bt ramli, Siti norsuhaina bt hadi Nadhirah bt anuwar , Muhammad zulfadli b mohd zabir, Hairil Ridzwan Bin Harmain

*Heritage“Something which is passed down from one generation to another” (Richard prentice, 1994)

“Heritage as cultural property that includes both visible and non- visible cultural heritage”(UNESCO, 1972)

Conservation : A guardianship providing for maintenance, preservation or protection from being destroyed or changed in an inappropriate manner.

Building Conservation : related to the processes of maintenance, repair and restoration of heritage buildings that aim to prolong a building’s life and function.

DefinitionSource by : Professor Dr. A Ghafar Ahmad

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Preservation Keeping cultural propertyFrom being destroyed

RestorationReviving the original concept and fabric to its original known state

RehabilitationTo make old building reusable

Other terminology in building conservation

Imitating what previously existed

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* CONSERVATION OF BUILDING / MONUMENTS AND SITES INITIATIVES AIM

Conservation is a term used for works carried out on heritage buildings, monuments, and sites that includes preservation, restoration, repair and rehabilitation, reconstruction and adaptive reuse or any combination of these

Maintain and strengthen the heritage value and historical value of building, monument or site

Buildings, monuments and sites may reflects important historical events. They are tangible evidence of a historical story to be handed down to future generations. It is tangible evidence, which will shape the face of the Malaysian national identity.

Protect and ensure that the building, monument or site is protected and preserved for many generations for references and resource for educational purpose as well as memory for the present and future generations.

Heritage is a valuable national asset, whether for education or for economic returns through the tourism industry, and as a research and development resource, raising national prestige in the eyes of the world. UNESCO World Heritage Listing Of Malaysia’s important heritage sites, presents our heritage to the world

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1.This Act may be cited as the National Heritage Act 2005.

2.This Act comes into operation on a date to be appointed by the Minister by notification in the Gazette; and the Minister may appoint different dates for the coming into operation of this Act to different parts of Malaysia

* National Heritage Act 2005, MalaysiaThe National Heritage Act 2005 is an Act to provide for the conservation and preservation of National Heritage, natural heritage, tangible and intangible cultural heritage, underwater cultural heritage, treasure trove and for related matters. It received Royal Assent on 30 December 2005 and was published in the Gazette on 31 December 2005. The National Heritage Act 2005 came into effect on 1 March 2006.

PART IPRELIMINARY1. Short title and commencement

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1. Subject to subsection (2), the Minister shall be responsible for providing or issuing policies, statements or directives in respect of any matter, business, strategy or conduct on the conservation and preservation of heritage.

2.The Minister shall not provide or issue any policies, statements or directives under subsection (1) where the matter, business, strategy or conduct on the conservation and preservation of heritage concerns the power or jurisdiction of a State unless the relevant State Authority has been consulted.

* National Heritage Act 2005, Malaysia

PART IICONSERVATION AND PRESERVATION OF HERITAGE3. Policy in relation to conservation and preservation of heritage

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Monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structure of an archeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science

Groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science.

Cultural Heritage: includes tangible or intangible form of cultural property, structure or artifact and may include a heritage matter, object, item, artifact, formation structure, performance, dance, song, music that is pertinent to the historical or contemporary way of Malaysians, on or in land or underwater cultural heritage of intangible form but including natural heritage

Natural Heritage: includes natural feature of any area in Malaysia which may consist of earthly physical or biological formation or group of such formations, geological or physiographical features, mountains, river, stream, rock formation, sea shore or any natural sites of outstanding value from the point of view of nature, science, history conservation or natural beauty including flora and fauna of Malaysia.

* Heritage and Conservation

The concept of heritage is invariably. UNESCO‟s Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972) has defined cultural heritage by the following classifications:

In Malaysia context, National Heritage Act 2005[2], defined heritage as any heritage site, heritage object, underwater cultural heritage or any living person declared as National Heritage (under section 67)[2]. Under section 2, heritage definably into two categories:

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i. The historical importance, association with or relationship to Malaysian history ii. The good design or aesthetic characteristics iii. The scientific or technical innovation or achievements iv. The social or cultural associations v. The potential to educate, illustrate or provide further scientific investigation in relation to Malaysian cultural

heritage vi. The importance in exhibiting a richness, diversity or unusual integration of features vii. The rarity or uniqueness of the natural heritage, tangible or intangible cultural heritage or underwater

cultural heritage viii. The representative nature of a site or object as part of a class or type of a site or object ix. Any other matter which is relevant to determination of cultural heritage significance.

All potential cultural heritage can be listed and declare as National Heritage property. Under section 67[2], they are nine (9) criteria for potential heritage buildings can be considered on declaration of National Heritage property:

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According to the Act, Cultural Heritage divided into two aspects which is tangible and intangible form of cultural property. Tangible heritage includes area, monument and buildings. Intangible heritage includes any form of expression, languages, performance, dance, and song, music, martial arts, that may have existed or exist in relation to the heritage of Malaysia.

i. Careful recording and research before intervention ii. Minimum alteration of historic fabrics iii. Minimal risk of significant loss, damage or uncertainty in performance through intervention iv. Reversibility of interventions v. Retention of a minimum of the original structure vi. Distinctive or distinguishable use of new and additional material vii. Sympathy in interpretation and sympathy in use viii. Respect for the quality of place ix. Preference for original material and workmanship x. Longevity in the finished work

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Base on practice in abroad and local, ethical consideration is the best way of achieving the aims of heritage conservation. The codes encourage the conservator and practitioners more respect, understand and appreciate cultural heritage. The basic principles and standards of conservation which contain in international charters are:

Malaysia is a member of UNESCO‟s Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage since 1988. Since that, lot of effort have been done to make sure our National Heritage been preserved accordingly the international charters and achieve the standard of World Cultural Heritage. With the references and guidance of international charters, the aims and goal of all conservation projects is to achieve the authenticity of cultural heritage.

Masjid Mulong, Kedai Mulong, Kota Bharu

Kelantan

Balai AdatBalai Adat (custom hall), kg Putera, Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan

Penghulu Abdul Ghani

The Penghulu Abdul Ghani House, Merlimau, Melaka

Examples of buildings conducted by the department of national heritage

Malaysia

Gedung Raja Abdullah

Gedung Raja Abdullah, Klang, Selangor

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MASJID MULONG, KEDAI MULONG,

KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

* MASJID MULONG, KEDAI MULONG, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

During conservation work-front view

On completion of the conservation work-front view

Before conservation work-front view

Masjid Mulong was originally built as a Balairong Seri (ceremonial hall), for the Raja Dewa and used for royal functions. Raja Dewa was the title for Tuan Zainal Abidin - one of the princes of Sultan Muhammad III and a relative of Sultan Muhammad IV.

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Carved timber pendants, installed to cover the joint between two horizontal beams

DURING CONSERVATION WORK

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* MASJID MULONG, KEDAI MULONG, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

Scrapping and cleaning the timber filigree ventilation screens

1900s : out of timber without a single nail, Masjid Mulong was originally sited near the Jahar and Balai Besar, Kelantan royal palace.

1958 : bought by the community of Kedai Mulong and transferred there and remains as an active mosque until today.

2007 : the department of heritage took the initiative to carry out conservation work, which began late 2008 and complete in early 2009.The building was raised and its timber pillars placed on concrete pads to avoid damaged.

Installing the papan pemeleh (barge board) to the gable end of the roof

Jacking-up the building

DURING CONSERVATION WORK

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* MASJID MULONG, KEDAI MULONG, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

Placing the concrete pads below the timber columns

Thai Singgora tiles on the upper roof, during the replacement works

BALAI ADAT (CUSTOM HALL), KG PUTERA, JELEBU, NEGERI

SEMBILAN

* BALAI ADAT (CUSTOM HALL), KG PUTERA, JELEBU, NEGERI SEMBILAN

Before conservation work

This building were usually built for family meetings, and ceremonies. It was built in 1965 to provide indigenous community of Negeri Sembilan, the Orang Asli village community. The Balai Adat Kampung Putera is from the timber construction and is raised above the ground on short stilts. The main hall can be reached up a short flight of steps which lead to a small covered, open sided platform or lanai, before the main entrance to the hall.

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After conservation work

Balai Adat with its new roof covering

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* BALAI ADAT (CUSTOM HALL), KG PUTERA, JELEBU, NEGERI SEMBILAN

Freshly painted and within a new landscape setting

1966 : The building was opened by Malaysia’s first Prime Minister, the late Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj.

1993 : restoration work under Department of Orang Asli1994: Ministry of Education took over the building, had been left empty, and had deteriorated rapidly

2008 : The department of National Heritage, Conservation Division also recognised the historic importance of the hall and began restoration work . 2009 : Restoration work complete and amongst the work undertaken was the repair of the roof structure and covering, replacing damaged parts of the wall and floor, conserving the decorative motifs.

Before work begin

THE PENGHULU ABDUL GHANI

HOUSE, MERLIMAU,

MELAKA

* THE PENGHULU ABDUL GHANI HOUSE, MERLIMAU, MELAKA

During conservation work After conservation workBefore conservation work

The House of Penghulu (headman) Abdul Ghani bin Abdul Majid, Merlimau, Jasin District, Melaka, is among one of the oldest and most charming Melaka houses remaining, and one of the most beautiful traditional Malay houses in the country. Its architecture is uniquely eclectic demonstratinga combination of Malay, Chinese and European styles.

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Repairing the area floor and water tank

DURING CONSERVATION WORK

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* THE PENGHULU ABDUL GHANI HOUSE, MERLIMAU, MELAKA

Removing the roof tiles for cleaning

• As the house or houses were a remarkable example of Malaysia’s priceless heritage, the Department of National Heritage carried out conservation work.

• This work included repair and strengthening the brick wall structure and damaged structural pillars, scraping and repainting plaster and timber work, the removal and re-fixing of the ceramic tiles, dismantling additional walls, repairing the structure of the timber framework and decorative carved pillars and cleaning the roof.

• Other related work included the repair of the bridal dais, wall cabinet, cooking area, kitchen cabinet and bathing area tank.

• This sincere work has helped to continue the legacy of the Penghulu Abdul Ghani for future generations.

Scrapping the paint & repairing the tall shutters

The unusual decoration of 2 dragons, floral & bird motif can be found on the door between the anjung and the verandah

UNIQUE BUILDING ELEMENTS

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* THE PENGHULU ABDUL GHANI HOUSE, MERLIMAU, MELAKA

Jeriji musang pagar(fox grill fence) or balustrade in the anjung

Decorative carvings painted in many colours and timber shutters with moveables louvers, or Jalousies found in the verandah

Anjung (porch) pilliar decorated with colourful tiles

Views of Seri and Pelamin pilliars, with Chinese Peranakan motifs in the main house

GEDUNG RAJA ABDULLAH,

KLANG, SELANGOR

* GEDUNG RAJA ABDULLAH, KLANG, SELANGOR

State of the Raja Abdullah Warehouse imbibed with Anglo-

Indian features

After conservationState of the Raja Abdullah Warehouse before repair work

1856 : The Raja Abdullah gedung or godown (warehouse) was used as a repository for tin ore on the ground floor and living quarters above.

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1875 : J. G. Davidson became the first British Resident and Davidson used the Raja Abdullah godown as the District Administrative Centre. It became the District Police Station until 1970

2008 : The Selangor Museum Board later converted it into the Selangor Tin Museum. The Department of National Heritage began conservation work

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22* GEDUNG RAJA ABDULLAH, KLANG, SELANGOR

The condition of the plaster on the pillar and the wall on the ground floor and top floor which experienced porosity. Almost all the walls experienced the same problem

The condition of the columns after conservation work

The first floor after the timber floor was repaired and reinstated.

The walls after conservation work.AFTER

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* References http://www.heritage.gov.my/index.php/en/conservation/introduction http://www.heritage.gov.my/index.php/konservasi/konservasi-bangunan/rumah-ibadat/balai-adat-

kampung-putera-jelebu http://www.perzim.gov.my/index.php/en/visit-the-museum/the-gallery-network/item/19-galeri-demang-

abdul-ghani http://thatsofarah.com/%EF%BB%BFrumah-demang-haji-abdul-ghani/ http://www.heritage.gov.my/index.php/en/conservation/conservation-building/residential-houses/raja-

abdullah-warehouse http://www.heritage.gov.my/index.php/konservasi/konservasi-bangunan/rumah-ibadat/masjid-lama-

mulong http://penangshophouse.blogspot.com/2010/04/heritage-conservation-guidelines.html http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/

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Thank You