conservation biology and legislation. a little history… u.s. lacey act of 1900: prohibits trade in...
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Conservation Biology and Legislation
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A Little History…
• U.S. Lacey Act of 1900: prohibits trade in wildlife, fish, and plants that have
been illegally taken, transported or sold.
• 1st federal law protecting wildlife
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• Research an org. to find best way to protect the species and its
surrounding habitat.
Conservation Biology
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In-Situ Conservation
• “In the field” conservation
• Done by protecting them in their habitat.
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Ex-Situ Conservation
• “Out of the field” when few individs left
• Conserving/ helping the population repopulate in a lab, zoo, aquarium.
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Bald Eagle Conservation
• 1963= 417 nesting pairs
• Loss of habitat, hunted, DDT
• Ex-Situ rehab.• Aug 8, 07: off End
Species List!
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Seed Banks
• Ex-Situ: Saves plants from destruction• Cryogenically frozen for future• Stored in duplicate locations
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Botanical Gardens
• Ex-Situ: Breed plants and educate
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Aquariums: Ex-Situ
• Grow corals• Rehab injured animals
• Raising public awareness
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Zoos: Ex-Situ
• Artificial Insemination• Embryo
Transfer• Education
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• Audubon Society• American Cetacean Society
• National Wildlife Federation, Sierra Club, Tree People
National Conservation Orgs
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International Conservation Orgs• World
Conservation Union (IUCN)
• World Wildlife Fund
• Nature Conservancy: Buys land to establish reserves
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• 1973 -illegal to import or trade products of E.S. unless used for science (USFWS)
• Species on list cannot be “taken”, threatened, killed, harmed: habitat can’t be harmed
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• Decision must be made on biological basis
– Must develop a recovery plan– 1350 species listed (4000 candidates)
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Problems w/ ESA• Encourages people to
destroy land before listing
• No focus on ecosystem• Is inflexible and
political• Focus on charismatic
megafauna• Only 8 species de
listed
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International Laws
• CITES - Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species–Created by IUCN–Prohibits trade of live specimens or
products of 900 species on list
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CITES
• Uses appendices for classification.
• Appendix 1: endangered.
• Appendix 2: threatened.
• An org. can be on both CITES and US ESA!
Squirrel Monkey: App II
Ring-Tailed Lemur: App I
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IUCN’s Red List
• Assess conservation status of global species.
• Use Critically Endangered, Endangered, and Vulnerable.
Common Hippo: Vulnerable
Angel Shark: Crit. Endang.
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International Whaling Commission
• Regulates whaling• Bans on gill-netting, purse seines
• Japan/Finland/Iceland no sign!
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Marine Mammal Protection Act
• 1972, All marine mammals are protected • Prohibits "take” of marine mammals in U.S.
waters and by U.S. citizens on the high seas
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How to Save End. Species
Establish parks, preserves and wilderness areas that are not
fragmented!
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Enforce legislation such as US ESA and CITES.
Support $$ env. organizations.
How to Save End. Species
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Control human population and consumption!
How to Save End. Species
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• Restore damaged habitats
• Reforest
• Regulate private land use.
How to Save End. Species