Lecture 1 - Introduction

ConservationDecember 3, 2013Page #AnnouncementsDue next class (12/5)Technology PaperArticle Log (14 articles)Alternate HW assignment due FridayFinal Exam 12/16 2pmPage #SeminarsTariq Samad, HoneywellToday, right after class in this roomTopic: Smart GridsStu Van Scoyoc, Van Scoyoc & AssociatesThursday (12/5), right after class in this roomTopic: Engineering roles in policy makingPage #Last Years Test QuestionThe fraction of U.S. electricity produced from nuclear power is approximately the same as it was 30 years ago even though overall electricity consumption has grown considerably. Explain why this fraction has remained unchanged.Page #Nuclear Power Production

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U.S. Nuclear Industry Capacity Factors1971 2011, PercentSource: Energy Information AdministrationUpdated: 3/12Page #Energy ConservationThe Department of Energy has an Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Usage of Energy Conservation over time

Page #Why are they coupled (RE and EE)?7Energy Conservation Measureshomeowner spends $1400/yr on energy-45% heating and cooling-11% hot water-10% washer/dryer-7% lightingfluorescent light bulbstankless hot water heater (gas vs. electric)front loading washing machineimproved, more efficient refrigeratorenergy efficient A/C (78oF in summer, 68oF in winter)digital thermostat use (internet-enabled)www.austinenergy.com energy calculatorshade trees reduce A/C use 2-8%see also www.eere.energy.gov/consumer and http://energystar.govPage #Vending Machinespower down lights and motors using activity sensorssave 40% of energy in soft drink machines ($100 per year per machine)Page #Walmart Energy Measures (McKinney, TX)photovoltaic solar panels over the length of storefront120 ft tall wind turbine (5% of stores energy)rainwater harvesting systemtubing around frozen food section recycles the hot air generated by refrigerantsPage #low hanging ductwork cuts electricity costs by cooling bottom half of storecooking oil (deli) and engine oil are recycled to heat the buildingstore lighting uses LED bulbs rather than fluorescent stripsWalmart Energy Measures (McKinney, TX)Page #

Walmart Energy Measures (McKinney, TX)Page #The Energy Water Nexus

Page #Energy and Food

Page #Energy and Food

Source: New York Times, January 27, 2008Page #Food Conservation = Energy Conservation

Page #How to make a zero energy house?

Turn off electric power and gas Page #

Page #18182001 Energy Conservation Policy(Negawatts vs. Megawatts)Vice-President Dick Cheney (April, 2001) previewed the Bush Administrations energy policy and rejected conservation as a major part of the solution to the current energy crisis. His plans focused almost exclusively on boosting domestic oil sources, building refineries, and laying natural gas pipelines. Conservation, Cheney said, is not a sufficient basis all by itself, for a sound, comprehensive energy policy. Moreover, he added, the government shouldnt step in to force Americans to consume less energy.Page #19Conservation QuestionsWhy do we use energy?Why should we conserve energy?What is energy conservation?How should energy conservation happen?Page #Life cycle assessment (LCA)Broad class of methods that aim to quantify the direct and indirect effects of a process or a productThe goal is to gain insight into important processes that go into a product or process that would otherwise be ignored by focusing on the product or process itselfPage #LCA Example: Electric vs. Gasoline CarsElectric carGasoline carNo emissionsCO2,NOx,PMProcess or direct scaleCoal fired electricityElectricity distributionCoal miningCrude oil refiningFuel transportationCrude oil extractionEmissionsEmissionsEmissionsEmissionsEmissionsEmissionsLife cycle or indirect scalePage #OptionAnnual Energy Saved (BTU/yr) U.S.Mass transit20 x 1015Fuel efficient auto9 x 1015Insulation3.5 x 1015Efficient lighting3 x 1015Efficient heating/cooling3 x 1015Efficient appliances1 x 1015Telecommute1 x 1015Standby power1 x 1015Total42 x 1015Energy Saving Suggestions(from An Inconvenient Truth)Page #23Interactions of Conservation MeasuresWhat is the impact of switching light bulbs from incandescent to LED?What is the impact of planting a shade tree?What is the impact of switching to a more fuel efficient vehicle?What is the impact of telecommuting?Page #Chart148.242.553.547.855.954.763.364.558.456.358.256.654.456.35856.957.463.562.26670.270.970.573.877.476.271.178.285.388.189.490.387.990.189.389.691.891.190.390.989

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