conseptualizing flexibility in power systems · 2020-05-22 · wholesale electricity market design...
TRANSCRIPT
Conseptualizing Flexibility In Power
Systems21st Century Power Partnership:
An Initiative of the Clean Energy Ministerial
Dr. Douglas Arent
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Operating Agent for the 21CPP
India (co-lead)
Denmark Finland Mexico(co-lead)
South Africa Spain United States(co-lead, under review)
Brazil China
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THOUGHT LEADERSHIPSTUDIES
Flexible Coal Evolution from Baseload to Peaking Plant. December 2013
Wholesale Electricity Market Design for 21st Century Systems. October 2013
Accelerating the Global Transition to 21st Century Power Systems. July 2013
The Role of Demand Side Management in the Utility of the Future. April 2014.
The Evolving Role of the Power Sector Regulator. April 2014.
Flexibility in 21st Century Power Systems. May 2014.
Overview of Variable Renewable Energy Regulatory Issues. May 2014.
Power Systems of the Future. February 2015.
Status Report on Power System Transformation. May 2015.
Clean Restructuring: Design Elements for Low Carbon Wholesale Markets. May 2015.
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Sources of Flexibility
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HOW MUCH FLEXIBILITY CAN BE
EXTRACTED FROM LARGE, FAST
ENERGY MARKETS?
Milligan, Kirby, King, Beuning (2011), The Impact of Alternative Dispatch Intervals on Operating Reserve Requirements for Variable Generation. Presented at 10th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind (and Solar) Power into Power Systems, Aarhus, Denmark. October
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Footprint Regional BAU
Aver
age
Tota
l Reg
ulat
ion
(MW
)Average Total Regulation for 6 Dispatch/Lead Schedules by Aggegation (Dispatch interval -
Forecast lead time)
10-10
30-10
30-30
60-10
30-40
60-40
Faster Faster Faster
Large Medium Small
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 6
Timescale of flexibility Type of flexibility How variable RE provides this
Sub-second Autonomously generated: synthetic inertia
Fast frequency response with a power electronic converter
Seconds Autonomously generated: synthetic governor response
Slower frequency response through electronic governor
Minutes Remotely operated: automatic generation control
Market or system operatorinclusion in ancillary services
Minutes to hour Economic dispatch Market or system operator inclusion in dispatch
Day Scheduling (unit commitment)
Market or system operator inclusion in day-ahead scheduling
6Services from
Variable RE
Source: Milligan et al 2015
Evolving characteristics of wind and solar
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 7
Evolving characteristics of wind and solar
Characteristic Old New
Dispatchability Uncontrollable, “must-take”
Dispatchable through participation in economic dispatch
Forecast/uncertainty Unpredictable Increasingly forecastable
Variability Highly variable over multiple timescales
Very short-term variability largely mitigated via spatial diversity
Reserve requirements Requires dramatic increase in operating reserves from thermal units
Relatively small increase in regulation required. Can self-provide multiple reserves across multiple timescales with selective/economic curtailment
Grid support Provides no grid support/decreases grid stability
Can provide multiple grid support services
7Services from
Variable RE
Source: Milligan et al 2015
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 8
PV Power Auto Generation Control
• Thin-film Cd-Te PV modules
• 4 MVA PV inverters
• 9 x 40 MVA blocks
• 34.5 kV collector system
• Two 170 MVA transformers
• Tie with 230 kV transmission line
• PMUs collecting data on 230 kV side
• 4-sec AGC signal provided to PPC
• 30 MW headroom
• Tests were conducted at three resource intensity conditions
• 1-sec data collected by plant PPC
Case Study: CAISO & PJM
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CAISO1. Day Ahead Market2. Real Time Market
• 15 and 5 minute dispatch3. Ancillary Services Markets
• Regulation Up• Regulation Down• Spinning• Non Spinning
4. Congestion Rights5. Convergence Bidding6. Energy Imbalance Market
PJM1. Energy2. Capacity
• 3 years to 3 months• Gen, EE, DR & Tx
3. Regulation4. Reserves5. Reactive Voltage and Frequency6. Black Start7. Demand Response
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CHARACTERISTICS THAT
HELP INTEGRATION
Large BA
Geographically Dispersed Wind and Solar
Wind/Solar Forecasting Effectively Integrated Into System Operations
Sub-Hourly Energy Markets
Fast Access to Neighboring Markets
NonSpinning and 30 Minute Reserves for Wind/Solar Event Response
Regional Transmission Planning For Economics and Reliability
Robust Electrical Grid
More Flexible Transmission Service
Flexibility in Generation
Responsive Load
Overall
Example Utility Structures
10 8 7 10 7 2 7 6 7 7 3 7 Large RTO with spot markets
6 6 6 3 3 2 6 4 7 2 2 4 Smaller ISO
1 3 2 1 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 Interior west & upper Midwest (non-MISO)
7 6 6 2 2 2 5 4 2 5 2 4 Large vertically integrated utility
1 3 2 1 2 1 2 4 2 2 2 2 Smaller Vertically Integrated Local Utility
8 Unconstrained hydro system
3 Heavily fish constrained hydro system
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 Weightings Factors
Accommodating Wind and Solar Integration
Adapted from Milligan, M.; Kirby, B.; Gramlich, R.; Goggin, M. (2009). Impact of Electric Industry Structure on High Wind Penetration Potential. 31 pp.; NREL Report No. TP-550-46273. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/46273.pdf
Pathways to achieve "big" and "fast"
3.
Coordinated
commitment
2.
Coordinated
dispatch
1. Reserve-
sharing
Zonal to
nodal
Ancillary
service:
joint
provision
15 minutes
to 5
minutes
Revise
interchange
from 1 hour to
15 minutes
Spin, non-spin, ramp,
frequency response
Levels of Operational Coordination
Operational Evolution/Speed
Non-market Mechanisms
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Explored the economics of several nuclear-renewable hybrid energy systems:
• Determine optimal systemconfiguration includes a nuclearreactor generator, a thermal product such as steam, or heat transfer fluid
• Generate zero-carbon dispatchableelectricity and provide zero-carbon energy for industrial processes at a lower cost
SYSTEMS
SOLUTIONS
MAC
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 13
ERGIS Visualization
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Thank you to 21CPP Participating Governments and Partners.
For questions about the 21CPP or how you can become involved, contact us at:
Collaborating CEM Initiative Websites:
❖International Smart Grid Action Network
http://www.iea-isgan.org/
❖Multilateral Solar and Wind Working Group
http://www.cleanenergyministerial.org/Our-Work/Initiatives/Solar-and-Wind
❖Global Superior Energy Performance
http://www.cleanenergyministerial.org/Our-Work/Initiatives/Buildings-and-Industry
❖Super-Efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment
http://www.cleanenergyministerial.org/Our-Work/Initiatives/Appliances
❖Clean Energy Regulators Initiative
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/webinar/clean-energy-regulators-initiative-webinar-programme
❖Clean Energy Solutions Center : Advisory support to all governments on PST via the Solutions Center
https://cleanenergysolutions.org/
FOR MORE INFORMATION