conrad murray appeal denied

8/12/2019 Conrad Murray Appeal Denied

1/68

Haine 0/0>/05 V. v. Gurr`y J@=/;

BOU UO MN V^MIAZCNE AB UCN OHHAJA@I ]NVO]UZ

Jìahorba` ]uins oh Jourt, ruin 3.000>( ), procamats jou rts `be p`rtans hrog jat abk or rniyabk ob opabaobs bot jnrtahane horpumia j`taob or orenrne pumia scne, nxjnpt `s spnjahane my ruin 3.000>(m). Ucas opabaob c`s bot mnnb jnrtahane hor pum iaj`taob

or orenrne pum iascne ho r purposns oh ruin 3.000>.

AB UCN JO^]U OH @VVN@I OH UCN ZU@UN OH J@IAHO]BA@

ZNJOBE @VVNII@UN EAZU]AJU

EAXAZAOB ZNXNB

UCN VNOVIN,

Viàbtahh `be ]nspobenbt,

v.

JOB]@E ]OMN]U G^]]@Q,

Enhnbe`bt be @ppnii`bt.

M=:;8;;

(Ios @bknins JoubtyZupnr. Jt. Bo. Z@6;:085)

@VVN@I hrog ` duekgnbt oh tcn Zupnraor Jourt oh Ios @bknins Joubty.

Gajc`ni V`stor, Duekn. @hhargne.

Xìnran K. [`ss hor Enhnbe`bt `be @ppnii`bt.

L`gì` E. C`rras, @ttorbny Knbnrì, E`bn ]. Kaiinttn, Jcanh @ssast`bt

@ttorbny Knbnrì, I`bjn N. [abtnrs, Znbaor @ssast`bt @ttorbny Knbnrì, `be Xajtora` M.[aisob, Enputy @ttorbny Knbnrì, hor Viàbtahh `be ]nspobenbt.

____________________________________


2/68

=

@ppnii`bt Jobrè ]omnrt Gurr`y `ppnìs hrog tcn duekgnbt upob cas jobvajtaob

`be snbtnbjn ob obn hnioby joubt oh abvoiubt`ry g`bsiùkctnr ab vaoi`taob oh Vnbì Joen

snjtaob 01=, sumeavasaob (m) hor jùsabk tcn en`tc oh Gajc`ni D`jlsob. Ab tcas jourt

`ppnii`bt `ssnrts tc`t tcn traì jourt `be cas joubsni joggattne v`raous prndueajaì nrrorswcajc w`rr`bt tcn rnvnrsì oh cas jobvajtaob `be snbtnbjn. Zpnjahajìiy cn jogpiàbs

tc`t4 (0) suhhajanbt nvaenbjn eae bot support tcn durys kuaity vnreajt ob tcn g`bsiùkctnr

jc`rkn< (=) tcn jourt nrrne ab enbyabk cas post-vnreajt gotaob to tnst obn oh tcn traì

nxcamats `be tc`t cas joubsni w`s abnhhnjtavn ab hàiabk to snnl tnstabk oh tcn nxcamat

eurabk tcn traì `be ab hàiabk to gorn tcoroukciy qunstaob ` prosnjutaob nxpnrt watbnss

`mout tcn nxcamat< (:) tcn traì jourt nrrne ab nxjiueabk jnrtàb nvaenbjn abjiueabk tcn

tnstagoby oh Gr. D`jlsobs enrg`toiokast `be tcn eojtors st`hh, nvaenbjn oh Gr.

D`jlsobs hab`bjaì jobeataob `t tcn tagn oh cas en`tc `be tcn jobtr`jt mntwnnb Gr.

D`jlsob `be @NK Iavn Jobjnrts [nst (@NK)< `be (5) tcn jourt nrrne ab enbyabk cas

gotaobs to snqunstnr tcn dury `be to nxjiuen tninvasaob j`gnr`s hrog tcn jourtroog.

[atc rnspnjt to cas snbtnbjn, `ppnii`bt `rkuns tc`t tcn traì jourt `musne ats easjrntaob my

agposabk ` snbtnbjn hor tcn cakc tnrg oh hour yn`rs. @s wn scìi nxpiàb, bobn oh

`ppnii`bts jiàgs w rr`bts rnvnrsì oh tcn duekgnbt. @jjoreabkiy, wn `hharg.

H@JU^@I @BE V]OJNE^]@I M@JLK]O^BE

Gajc`ni D`jlsobs J`rnnr be Ucas As At Uour

Gajc`ni D`jlsob w`s `b `w`re-wabbabk nbtnrtàbnr wco cè ` j`rnnr ab tcn gusaj `be

tcn nbtnrtàbgnbt abeustry tc`t sp`bbne gorn tc`b 56 yn`rs. @t tcn tagn oh cas en`tc ab =661,

cn iavne ab ` cogn ab Ios @bknins ob Bortc J`roiwooe Eravn watc cas tcrnn jcaiernb. Gr.

D`jlsob ngpioyne ` st`hh `t tcn rnsaenbjn wcajc abjiuene, `gobk otcnrs, pnrsobì `ssast`bts

`be ` snjuraty tn`g. Ucn cogn cè snjuraty k`tns tc`t wnrn gobatorne =5 cours ` e`y.

Gr. D`jlsob cè ` bugmnr oh sujjnsshui jobjnrt tours ab tcn 0116s. Ab =661, `htnr `

ca`tus hrog tcn st`kn `be tourabk, Gr. D`jlsob enjaene to iùbjc ` bnw woriewaen tour,

wcajc j`gn to mn jìine4 Ucas As At. Gr. D`jlsob w`btne to sc`rn cas gusaj watc cas

jcaiernb, cas h`bs `s wnii `s èernss otcnr kiomì assuns tc`t wnrn sakbahaj`bt to cag.


3/68

:

Gr. D`jlsob worlne watc @NK to envniop tcn Ucas As At tour. @NK snrvne `s tcn

proeujnr be progotnr oh tcn tour. Gr. D`jlsob cè pi`bbne to mnkab tcn tour ab Iobeob,

Nbki`be ab Duiy =661. Mntwnnb Duiy =661 tcroukc G`rjc =606, at w`s pi`bbne tc t Gr.

D`jlsob wouie pnrhorg ` totì oh :0 scows, `be tcnrn`htnr Gr. D`jlsob `be @NK wouiejoii`mor`tn ob ` guita-jaty tour.

Eurabk G`y =661 `be Dubn =661, tour rncn`rsìs wnrn pi`bbne to ojjur ab tcn Ios

@bknins `rn`< ab Dubn =661, rncn`rsìs wnrn cnie `t tcn Zt`pins Jnbtnr ab eowbtowb Ios

@bknins. Gr. D`jlsobs snjuraty tn`g tr`bsportne cag to `be hrog cas rnsaenbjn to rncn`rsì

nvnry e`y< rncn`rsì mnk`b ab tcn `htnrboob `be nbene i`tn `t bakct.

@ppnii`bt be cas ]ni`taobscap to Gr. D`jlsob

@ppnii`bt as ` j`reaoiokast watc ` spnjaìty ab abtnrbì gneajabn. Cn cè pr`jtajne

gneajabn ab Unx`s `be I`s Xnk`s. @ppnii`bt harst gnt Gr. D`jlsob ab I`s Xnk`s ab =668,

wcnb `ppnii`bt trn`tne Gr. D`jlsob `be cas jcaiernb hor tcn hiu.

@jjoreabk to `ppnii`bt cn eae bot rnkui`riy trn`t Gr. D`jlsob. Cownvnr, wcain tcn

pi`bbabk hor tcn tour w`s ubenrw`y, ppnii bt w`s abvatne my Gr. D`jlsob to snrvn s cas

pnrsob i pcysaja`b hor tcn Ucas As At tour. @ppnii bt krnne to $0>6,666 ` gobtc ab

p`ygnbt to snrvn s Gr. D`jlsobs eojtor eurabk tcn tour.

@ppnii`bts trn`tgnbt oh Gr. D`jlsob tool pi`jn `t Gr. D`jlsobs cogn ob ` eàiy

m`sas mnkabbabk ab @prai =661.0 @t tcn nbe oh tcn rncn`rsì n`jc bakct `ppnii`bt wouie mn

suggobne hrog cas `p`rtgnbt=to Gr. D`jlsobs rnsaenbjn to mn prnsnbt wcnb Gr. D`jlsob

`rravne cogn< `ppnii`bt wouie `rravn `t tcn rnsaenbjn `be st`y tcn bakct. Gr. D`jlsobs

snjuraty pnrsobbni abeaj`tne tc`t tcny s`w `ppnii`bt ob ` rnkui`r m`sas `be tcny mnianvne

`ppnii`bt w`s st`yabk ovnrbakct bn`riy nvnry bakct.

0 @ppnii`bt eae bot gàbtàb `by gneajì rnjores hor Gr. D`jlsob eurabk tcn @praito Dubn =661 tagn pnraoe.

= @ppnii`bt iavne watc cas karihranbe ab Z`bt` Gobaj`. @igost nvnry bakct, `ppnii`bt

wouie in`vn tcn Z`bt` Gobaj` `p`rtgnbt to `ttnbe to Gr. D`jlsob `s cas pcysaja`b, `be cnwouie rnturb to tcn `p`rtgnbt tcn bnxt gorbabk.


4/68

5

Nvnbts ab tcn Gobtcs be [nnls Vraor to Gr. D`jlsobs En`tc

Ab =663, `ppnii`bt envniopne ` rni`taobscap watc ` pc`rg`jy ab I`s Xnk`s, wcajc

`krnne to t`ln orenrs my tninpcobn hrog `ppnii`bt hor pc`rg`jnutajìs `be to scap tcosn

orenrs to `ppnii`bts ohhajn ab I`s Xnk`s.Mnkabbabk ab @prai =661, `ppnii`bt mnk`b to pi`jn orenrs `t tcn pc`rg`jy hor i`rkn

qu`btatans oh Vropohoi, ` sne`tavn tc`t j`b abeujn knbnrì `bnstcnsa`. @ppnii`bt orenrne

guitapin 066-gaiiaiatnr sazn `be =6-gaiiaiatnr sazn Vropohoi vaìs, tumns oh Mnboquab, ` slab

wcatnbabk jrn`g, `be sìabn m`ks. @t `ppnii`bts rnqunst tcn scapgnbts wnrn horw`rene to

`ppnii`bts gneajì ohhajn:ab Z`bt` Gobaj . Ab @prai, G`y `be Dubn =661, `ppnii`bt ìso

orenrne i`rkn qu`btatans oh Ior`znp`g ab abdnjt`min horg (` mnbzoea`znpabn, or sne`tavn,

`vài`min ab paii `be abdnjt`min horg) `be Gae`zoi`g (` mnbzoea`znpabn, or sne`tavn, `vài`min

ab abdnjt`min horg obiy), Hiug`znbai (` mnbzoea`znpabn `bt`kobast) `be Iaeojàbn (`bnstcntaj,

motc ab jrn`g `be abdnjtamin horg) hrog tcn pc rg`jy. Ialn tcn praor orenrs, tcnsn orenrs

wnrn scappne to `ppnii`bts Z`bt` Gobaj` èernss. Ab sug, hrog @prai to Dubn =661,

`ppnii`bt orenrne `be w`s scappne =>> vaìs oh Vropohoi (totìabk 0>>,666 gaiiakr`gs or 5.61

kìiobs), =6 vaìs oh Ior`znp`g, `be 86 vaìs oh Gae`zoi`g.

Bn riy nvnry bakct, hor two gobtcs praor to Gr. D`jlsobs en`tc, ppnii bt

ègabastnrne Vropohoi to Gr. D`jlsob ab Gr. D`jlsobs prav`tn roog ab cas cogn. Gr.

D`jlsobs mneroog w`s bot nquappne watc tcn typns oh gneajì gobatorabk envajns tc`t obn

wouie nxpnjt to habe ab ` gneajì h`jaiaty wcnrn knbnrì `bnstcnsa` sujc `s Vropohoi wouie

borgìiy mn ègabastnrne. @ppnii`bt wouie harst abdnjt Gr. D`jlsob watc => or >6 gaiiakr`gs

oh Vropohoi tcnb cn wouie st`rt ` Vropohoi abhusaob or erap.5 @jjoreabk to `ppnii`bt, Gr.

:

Ucn èernss `ppnii`bt provaene to tcn pc`rg`jy w`s cas rnsaenbtaì èernss, bot `gneajì ohhajn.

5 Eruks g`y mn ègabastnrne abtr`vnbousiy my abdnjtaob usabk two eahhnrnbtgntcoes. Obn gntcoe abvoivns kavabk ` moius eosn my abdnjtabk tcn nbtarn eosn quajliywatc ` syrabkn earnjtiy abto tcn Q-jobbnjtor (or tcn Q-port, wcnrn ` eruk j`b mnègabastnrne) `tt`jcne to tcn p`tanbts AX.


5/68

>

D`jlsob c`beine at habn. @ppnii`bt jiàgne Gr. D`jlsob sukknstne tcn aen` oh rnjnavabk

Vropohoi mnjùsn cn mnianvne tc`t at w`s tcn obiy eruk tc`t worlne hor cag. Gr. D`jlsob toie

`ppnii`bt tc`t otcnr eojtors cè kavnb Vropohoi to cag wcnb cn w`s ob tour ab tcn p`st. Gr.

D`jlsob sàe tc`t eojtors cè nvnb ìiowne cag to abdnjt cagsnih `be cn ialne to pusc (a.n.,abdnjt) at. @ppnii`bt st`tne tc`t cn wouie bot ìiow Gr. D`jlsob to abdnjt cagsnih watc tcn

eruk.

^benr ` snjobe gntcoe tcn erap or abhusaob tcn eosn as siowiy erappne.Uo ègabastnr ` eruk sujc `s Vropohoi my tcn erap or abhusaob gntcoe ìso rnquarns

tcn usn oh AX tumabk `be ` sìabn m`k. Gneajì nxpnrts tnstahane `t traì tc`t ` m`k oh sìabnc`s ` port `t tcn mottog wcnrn ` bnnein or ` spaln (` tcajl pi`staj bnnein) j`b mn `tt`jcne`be AX tumabk as jobbnjtne to tcn spaln. @ sgìinr bnnein as `tt`jcne to tcn otcnr nbe oh tcnAX tumabk `be tcn sgìinr bnnein as tcnb absnrtne ab tcn p`tanbt. Ucn m`k oh sìabn as tcnb`tt`jcne to `be c`bks hrog st`be. [orlabk watc tcn horjn oh kr`vaty, tcas snt-up ìiows tcnsìabn to hiow tcroukc tcn sìabn m`k, tcroukc tcn spaln, `be eowb tcroukc tcn tumabk abto tcnp`tanbt.

Ucn abhusaob gntcoe rnquarns tcn usn oh tcrnn iabns oh AX tumabk. Ucn harst iabn as tcnsìabn iabn wcajc jobsasts oh ` m`k oh sìabn `be AX tumabk tc`t jobbnjts tcn m`k oh sìabn to

` Q-jobbnjtor `t obn oh tcn horls ab tcn top oh tcn jobbnjtor `be ` snjobe iabn oh AX tumabk(a.n., tcn Vropohoi abhusaob iabn) jobbnjtne to tcn to tcn top oh tcn otcnr horl ab tcn Q-jobbnjtor. Ucn tcare iabn oh AX tumabk as jobbnjt to tcn mottog oh tcn Q-jobbnjtor< tcn tcareiabn as `tt`jcne to ` bnnein `be absnrtne abto tcn p`tanbt.

Vropohoi as p`jl`kne ab ` ki`ss vaì watc ` rummnr stoppnr. Uo rngovn Vropohoi hrogtcn vaì rnquarns pubjturabk tcn stoppnr. Uo ègabastnr Vropohoi usabk tcn abhusaob gntcoernquarns tc`t ` spaln to mn `tt`jcne to tcn rummnr stoppnr ab tcn mottin oh Vropohoi `be tcn AXtumabktcn Vropohoi abhusaob iabn--mn tt`jcne to tcn otcnr nbe oh tcn spaln. Ucn Vropohoiabhusaob iabn as tcn jobbnjtne to tcn Q-jobbnjtor. Ucnrn`htnr tcn Vropohoi mottin as suspnbene

hrog tcn AX st`be. Ucn AX tumabk usne hor tcn Vropohoi abhusaob iabn gust mn vnbtne AXtumabk (wcajc ìiows àr to p`ss abto tcn mottin be hor tcn Vropohoi hiow hrog tcn mottin). Ucnvnbtne AX tumabk, wcajc as sgìi nboukc to hat ab tcn pìg oh ` c`be, tr`bsports tcn Vropohoihrog tcn Vropohoi mottin to Q-jobbnjtor. @t tcn doabt oh tcn Q-jobbnjtor wcnrn tcn sìabn AXiabn `be tcn Vropohoi abhusaob iabn gnnt, Vropohoi, gaxns watc tcn sìabn. Ucn sìabn wcajc`jts `s ` j`rranr soiutaob, hiows tcroukc tcn tcare iabn oh AX tumabk oh tcn sìabn iabn `tt`jcne totcn mottin oh tcn Q-jobbnjtor `be abto tcn p`tanbt.


6/68

8

Ab gae-Dubn =661, Gr. D`jlsob gassne ` bugmnr oh tour rncn`rsìs `be `rravne to `t

in`st obn rncn`rsì, `ppn`rabk to mn ubwnii `be abjocnrnbt. Cas jobeataob jobjnrbne tcosn

worlabk watc cag ob tcn scow< cn eae bot `ppn`r to mn huiiy nbk`kne or suhhajanbtiy

prnp`rne hor rncn`rsì.Ob Dubn 01, =661, Lnbbntc Ortnk`, tcn jcorokr`pcnr `be earnjtor hor tcn tour

nxprnssne jobjnrb tc`t Gr. D`jlsob w`s aii, cè iost wnakct, bnnene to mn psyjcoiokajìiy

nvìu`tne `be tc`t tcnrn w`s bo obn t`labk rnspobsamaiaty, j`rabk hor cag. . . . Ob Dubn =6,

`ppnii`bt, Gr. D`jlsob, Ortnk` `be snvnrì otcnrs abvoivne ab tcn proeujtaob gnt to easjuss

Gr. D`jlsobs cnìtc `be gnbtì jobeataob. @ppnii`bt sàe tc`t cn w`s t`labk j`rn oh Gr.

D`jlsobs cnìtc. @ppnii`bt `be Gr. D`jlsob `ssurne nvnryobn tc`t Gr. D`jlsob w`s

pcysaj iiy be ngotaobìiy j`p`min oh c beiabk tcn scow. @t tcn bnxt rncn`rs i ob Dubn =:,

=661, Gr. D`jlsob w`s nbnrkazne `be k`vn ` kooe pnrhorg`bjn.

Dubn =5 `be Dubn =>, =661

Ob tcn nvnbabk oh Dubn =5, =661, Gr. D`jlsob cè ` rncn`rsì `t tcn Zt`pins Jnbtnr.

Cn `ppn`rne nbnrkazne `be nbk`kne. Gr. D`jlsob w`s c`ppy watc cas pnrhorg`bjn.

@roube gaebakct ob Dubn => `htnr tcn rncn`rsì, Gr. D`jlsob inht tcn Zt`pins Jnbtnr to

rnturb to cas cogn. @ppnii`bt w`s prnsnbt, wàtabk hor Gr. D`jlsob to `rravn. @t 0466 `.g.,

Gr. D`jlsob `rravne `t tcn rnsaenbjn. @htnr mranhiy krnntabk cas h bs outsaen tcn k`tns oh cas

cogn, Gr. D`jlsob nbtnrne tcn rnsaenbjn `be projnnene upstàrs wcnrn `ppnii`bt w`s wàtabk

hor cag ab cas prav`tn suatn. @jjoreabk to `ppnii`bt,>Gr. D`jlsob sàe cn w`s tarne `be cn

tool ` scownr. Gr. D`jlsob w`btne to sinnp mut w`s ub`min to hìi `sinnp. @ppnii`bt put b

AX ob Gr. D`jlsobs ink mnj usn Gr. D`jlsob suhhnrne hrog encyer`taob. Cn iost hiuaes wcnb

cn e`bjne. @ppnii`bt st`tne tc`t cn k`vn Gr. D`jlsob ` 06-gaiiakr`g t`mint oh Xìaug. @t

> @ppnii`bt w`s tcn obiy pnrsob watc Gr. D`jlsob hrog tcn tagn Gr. D`jlsob

nbtnrne cas mneroog ab tcn n`riy gorbabk cours oh Dubn => ubtai Gr. D`jlsob eane.@ppnii`bt eae bot tnstahy eurabk cas traì, cownvnr, cn w`s abtnrvanwne my poiajn ob Dubn=;, =661, `be tcn rnjoreabk oh tcas abtnrvanw w`s pi`yne hor tcn dury eurabk tcn traì.Eurabk cas poiajn abtnrvanw cn k`vn `b `jjoubt oh wc`t ojjurrne wcain cn w`s ìobn watcGr. D`jlsob ab tcn cours mnhorn cas en`tc.


7/68

;

`mout =466 `.g., `ppnii`bt k`vn Gr. D`jlsob = gaiiakr`gs oh Ior`znp`g my AX.8 Gr. D`jlsob

w`s staii waen `w`ln `be jogpiàbne tc`t cn jouie bot sinnp. @t :466 `.g., `ppnii`bt st`tne

tc`t cn k`vn Gr. D`jlsob = gaiiakr`gs oh Gae`zoi`g my abdnjtabk tcn eruk siowiy. Mut Gr.

D`jlsob w`s staii `w`ln. Gr. D`jlsob trane to gneat tn `be `htnr 0> to =6 gabutns, cn hnii`sinnp, mut tcnb woln up `kàb `mout 06 gabutns i`tnr.

@t 54:6 `.g., Gr. D`jlsob staii cè bot sinpt `be `t `mout >466 `.g. `ppnii`bt k`vn Gr.

D`jlsob `botcnr =-gaiiakr`g eosn oh Ior`znp`g. Ucn èeataobì eosn eae bot cnip. Gr.

D`jlsob jogpiàbne cn wouie mn ub`min to pnrhorg `t rncn`rsì tc`t e`y `be tc`t at wouie

c`vn to mn j`bjniine. @t ;4:6 `.g., `ppnii`bt k vn Gr. D`jlsob `botcnr = gaiiakr`gs oh

Gae`zoi`g my siowiy abhusabk at, mut at eae bot provn nhhnjtavn.

@t `mout 06466 `.g., Gr. D`jlsob `pp`rnbtiy toie `ppnii`bt tc`t Ae ialn to c`vn sogn

gail (my wcajc cn w s rnhnrrabk to Vropohoi). @ppnii`bt jiàgs tc`t Gr. D`jlsob pine4

Vin`sn, pin`sn, kavn gn sogn gail so tc`t A j`b sinnp, mnjùsn A lbow tc`t tcas as ìi tc`t

rnìiy worls hor gn. @ppnii`bt `slne Gr. D`jlsob cow gujc sinnp cn nxpnjtne to knt watc

Vropohoi. Gr. D`jlsob sàe at eae bot g`ttnr wcnb cn kot up. @ppnii`bt toie Gr. D`jlsob tc`t

cn bnnene to mn up bo i`tnr tc`b boob. Gr. D`jlsob rnspobene tc`t tcn rncn`rsì wouie

c`vn to mn j`bjniine.

@roube 06456 `.g., `ppnii`bt jiàgs cn k`vn Gr. D`jlsob => gaiiakr`gs oh Vropohoi.;

Cn ernw at hrog ` mottin, eaiutne at watc Iaeojàbn (wcajc w`s usne to niagab`tn tcn murbabk

snbs`taob jùsne my tcn abdnjtaob oh Vropohoi), `be siowiy abhusne at ovnr tcn sp`b oh tcrnn to

8 @ppnii`bt turbne ohh tcn AX `be abdnjtne tcn gneaj`taob `t tcn port ovnr ` pnraoe oh two

to tcrnn gabutns. Objn tcn Ior`znp`g w`s absaen tcn tumn, `ppnii`bt ubji`gpne tcn iabn toc`vn tcn AX jobtabun to erap.

;

Eurabk cas abtnrvanw watc poiajn ob Dubn =;, `ppnii`bt st`tne tc`t eurabk tcn tcrnne`ys inèabk up to Gr. D`jlsobs en`tc, cn cè mnnb tryabk to krèuìiy wn`b Gr.D`jlsob hrog Vropohoi. Cn jiàgne tc`t ob tcn harst bakct, cn ègabastnr Ior`znp`g `beGae`zoi`g, `be cn ìso k`vn Gr. D`jlsob ` siownr erap oh Vropohoi. Cn st`tne tc`t obtcn snjobe bakct, cn k`vn Gr. D`jlsob bo Vropohoi mut k`vn cag Ior`znp`g `beGae`zoi`g, `be Gr. D`jlsob w`s `min to knt sogn sinnp. Ob bakct tcrnn, Gr. D`jlsobeane.


8/68

3

havn gabutns. @jjoreabk to `ppnii`bt cn nxpnjtne tcn nhhnjt to i`st `mout 0> gabutns.

@ppnii`bt sàe tc`t Gr. D`jlsob hnii `sinnp `htnr tcn eruk w`s ègabastnrne. @ppnii`bt

jiàgne tc`t wcnb cn ègabastnrne Vropohoi cn ìso pi`jne Gr. D`jlsob ob oxyknb `be usne

` puisn oxagntnr to gobator cas cn`rt r`tn `be oxyknb s`tur`taob invni.

3

@ppnii`bt st`tne tc`tGr. D`jlsobs oxyknb s`tur`taob invni w`s kooe `be cn`rt r`tn w`s st`min `htnr cn

ègabastnrne tcn eruk.

@ppnii`bt sàe cn wouie c`vn ègabastnrne gorn Vropohoi to Gr. D`jlsob tc`t nvnbabk

ah cn cè bot ìrnèy kavnb Gr. D`jlsob tcn otcnr gneaj`taobs. @ppnii`bt st`tne tc`t cn

gobatorne Gr. D`jlsob ubtai cn hnit joghort`min in`vabk cag ìobn. @ppnii`bt st`tne tc`t cn

inht tcn roog to usn tcn rnstroog `be st`tne tc`t cn w`s `w`y hrog Gr. D`jlsob hor `mout two

gabutns.1

@ppnii`bt jiàgne tc`t wcnb cn rnturbne to jcnjl ob Gr. D`jlsob at `ppn`rne tc`t cn

w`s bot mrn`tcabk. @ppnii`bt ioolne `t tcn puisn oxagntnr, wcajc abeaj`tne Gr. D`jlsobs

cn`rt r`tn w`s 0== mn`ts pnr gabutn. @ppnii`bt tcoukct tc`t cn jouie hnni ` tcrnèy puisn ab

tcn hngorì rnkaob oh Gr. D`jlsobs moey.

@ppnii`bt st`rtne to pnrhorg JV] `be goutc-to-goutc rnsusjat`taob ob Gr. D`jlsob

ob tcn mne. @ppnii`bt eae bot aggnea`tniy suggob cnip. [cain eoabk JV], `ppnii`bt jìine

Gr. D`jlsobs pnrsobì `ssast`bt watc cas jniiui`r tninpcobn, `be `slne cag to snbe snjuraty to

tcn roog, mut eae bot `sl cag to jìi 1-0-0. Gr. D`jlsob cè bo puisn `be w`s bot mrn`tcabk.

3 Ucn puisn oxagntnr `ppnii`bt usne w`s bot abtnbene hor jobtabuous gobatorabk bor

w`s at nquappne watc `b ì`rg, wcajc ah `jtav`tne jouie abeaj`tn ` proming watc tcn p`tanbt.@jjoreabk to nxpnrt gneajì tnstagoby prnsnbtne `t traì usabk ` propnr puisn oxagntnrjouie c`vn s`vne Gr. D`jlsobs iahn.

1 Ucn rnjores hrog `ppnii`bts AVcobn tc`t gorbabk abeaj`tn tc`t wcain cn w`s

purportneiy gobatorabk D`jlsobs jobeataob `be vatì sakbs, cn ìso rnjnavne `bepi`jne bugnrous tninpcobn jìis, n-gàis `be tnxt gnss`kns. Ab h`jt ob Dubn =>, =661,hrog mntwnnb 8466 `.g. ubtai 004>0 `.g., `ppnii`bt gèn or rnjnavne 00 tninpcobn jìisto v`raous musabnss `ssoja`tns, p`tanbts `be hranbes tc`t i`stne ` totì oh `pproxag`tniy ;3gabutns< obn oh tcn tninpcobn jìis gèn `htnr 00466 `.g. i`stne :6-56 gabutns. Cn ìsosnbt `be/or rnjnavne nakct n-gài `be tnxt gnss`kns.


9/68

1

Mntwnnb 0=46> `be 0=406 p.g., @ppnii`bt r`b to tcn latjcnb `be toie tcn jcnh tc`t cn cè `b

ngnrknbjy `be tc`t cn w`btne snjuraty to jogn aggnea`tniy.

@imnrto @iv`rnz, Gr. D`jlsobs earnjtor oh iokastajs, j`gn upstàrs to tcn

mneroog. [cnb @iv rnz wìlne abto Gr. D`jlsobs mneroog, cn s`w ppnii bt kavabk jcnstjogprnssaobs to Gr. D`jlsob. Gr. D`jlsob i`y ob cas m`jl ob tcn mne watc cas c`bes

nxtnbene out. @iv`rnz s`w jobeog j tcntnr `tt`jcne to Gr. D`jlsob. @iv`rnz ìso s`w b

AX st`be, oxyknb tumabk `tt`jcne to Gr. D`jlsobs bosn `be `b @gmu m`k (` snih-abhi`tabk

rnsusjat`tor) ob tcn hioor. Cn eae bot snn gneaj i gobatorabk nquapgnbt ab tcn roog.

@ppnii`bt sàe cn bnnene to knt Gr. D`jlsob to ` cospatì. Gr. D`jlsobs jcaiernb tcnb

nbtnrne tcn mneroog `be mnj gn upsnt< @iv`rnz uscnrne tcng out. @iv`rnz `slne `ppnii`bt

wc`t w`s wrobk `be ppnii`bt rnspobene tc`t Gr. D`jlsob cè ` mè rn`jtaob. @jjoreabk

to @iv`rnz, `ppnii`bt k`vn cag vaìs hrog tcn bakctst`be `be sàe, Cnrn, put tcnsn ab ` m`k.

@iv`rnz kr`mmne ` pi`staj m`k sattabk ob ` jcàr be put tcn vaìs ab tcn m`k. @ppnii`bt tcnb

abstrujtne @iv`rnz to pi`jn tcn m`k ab `botcnr m`k `be @iv`rnz eae `s abstrujtne.

@ppnii`bt tcnb earnjtne cag to t`ln tcn m`k c`bkabk hrog tcn AX st`be `be pi`jn at ab `

miun m`k. @iv`rnz ent jcne tcn sìabn m`k hrog tcn st`be. @iv`rnz s w mottin absaen tcn

sìabn m`k, rnstabk ob tcn mottog oh tcn sìabn m`k `be ìso s`w ` gaily-wcatn sumst`bjn `t tcn

mottog oh tcn sìabn m`k. Ucn mottin ioolne ialn ` 066-gaiiaiatnr Vropohoi mottin. @iv`rnz

st`tne tc`t tcn mottin w`s sattabk siakctiy saenw`ys watc tcn stoppnr poabtabk tow`re tcn mottog

oh tcn sìabn m`k. @iv`rnz s`w `botcnr pp`r`tus `tt`jcne to tcn mottog oh tcn sìabn m`k be

s`w tcn gaily-wcatn sumst`bjn ab tcn `pp`r`tus `s wnii. @iv`rnz pi`jne tcn sìabn m`k absaen

tcn miun m`k, `s `ppnii`bt c e abstrujtne. @iv`rnz s`w ` snjobe s iabn m`k c`bkabk hrog tcn

AX st`be, mut `ppnii`bt eae bot `sl @iv`rnz to rngovn tc`t m`k.

@htnr @iv`rnz joiinjtne tcn vaìs `be tcn sìabn m`k, `ppnii`bt toie @iv`rnz to jìi

1-0-0. @jjoreabk to `ppnii`bt, cn ìso k`vn Gr. D`jlsob Hiug`znbai to rnvnrsn tcn nhhnjt oh

tcn mnbzoea`znpabns (tcn Ea`znp`g, Ior`znp`g, `be Gae`zoi`g). @mout =6 gabutns ni`psne

mntwnnb tcn tagn `ppnii`bt hoube Gr. D`jlsob be tcn tagn tcn jìi w`s pi`jne to 1-0-0.

Ucn 1-0-0 opnr`tor jobbnjtne @iv`rnz to tcn Harn Enp`rtgnbt. M`sne ob tcn

abstrujtaobs hrog tcn p`r`gneajs, @iv`rnz `be `ppnii`bt govne Gr. D`jlsob to tcn hioor oh


10/68

06

tcn mneroog. @ppnii`bt `tt`jcne puisn gobator to Gr. D`jlsobs habknr. @iv`rnz s`w AX

tumabk jogabk hrog tcn `rn` oh tcn AX st`be abto Gr. D`jlsobs ink. @ppnii`bt `be @iv`rnz

mnk`b to egabastnr JV]@iv`rnz eae jcnst jogprnssaobs be ppnii bt egabastnrne JV].

Gr. D`jlsob, cownvnr, `ppn`rne to mn enè.V`r`gneajs `be harnhakctnrs `rravne `t tcn rnsaenbjn `t 0=4=8 p.g. `be projnnene to

Gr. D`jlsobs roog. @ppnii`bt aenbtahane cagsnih to tcn p`r`gneajs `s Gr. D`jlsobs eojtor.

@ppnii`bt `ppn`rne to mn hr`btaj. Ab tcn roog p`r`gneajs s`w `b AX st`be watc ` sìabn m`k

`be `b oxyknb t`bl. @tt`jcne to Gr. D`jlsobs moey tcny s`w ` b`sì j bbui` (` horg oh

kavabk oxyknb wcnrn two tumns `rn pi`jne abto tcn bosn), `b AX watc ` sìabn m`k `tt`jcne to

`b AX st`be, `be ` jobeog j`tcntnr. Ucny eae bot snn `b NLK g`jcabn (` cn`rt gobator) or `

j`pbokr`pcy g`jcabn (` g`jcabn tc`t gn`surns j`rmob eaoxaen hrog obns mrn`tc) or ` puisn

oxagntnr. Eurabk tcn rnsusjat`tavn nhhorts ` p`r`gneaj s`w tcrnn opnb vaìs oh Iaeojàbn ob

tcn hioor.

[cnb `slne, `ppnii`bt st`tne tc`t Gr. D`jlsob cè bo ubenriyabk cnìtc jobeataob,

wcajc `jjoreabk to tcn p`r`gneaj eae bot g`ln snbsn kavnb tc`t Gr. D`jlsob `ppn`rne to mn

ubenrwnakct, `tt`jcne to `b AX `be tc`t vaìs oh gneaj`taob wnrn ob tcn bakctst`be.

V`r`gneajs qunstaobne `ppnii`bt `mout wcntcnr Gr. D`jlsob cè mnnb kavnb `by gneaj`taobs,

to wcajc `ppnii`bt `bswnr4 Bo, cns bot t`labk `bytcabk. Cn tcnb èene, A dust k`vn cag `

iattin mat oh Ior`znp`g \` sne`tavnW to sinnp. V`r`gneajs `slne ah `ppnii`bt k`vn Gr. D`jlsob

`by otcnr gneaj`taob, `be ppnii`bt sàe bo. @ppnii`bt st`tne tc`t cn w`s trn`tabk Gr.

D`jlsob hor encyer`taob `be nxcùstaob. @ppnii`bt bnvnr toie tcn p`r`gneajs tc`t cn cè

ègabastnrne Vropohoi to Gr. D`jlsob.

V`r`gneajs ìso `slne `ppnii`bt cow iobk `ppnii`bt cè mnnb ab cas jurrnbt jobeataob

to wcajc `ppnii`bt rnspobene4 At dust c`ppnbne rakct wcnb A jìine you or Cn c`s mnnb

eowb hor `mout obn gabutn. M`sne ob `ppnii`bts rnspobsn, p`r`gneajs abataìiy mnianvne

tcnrn w`s ` kooe jc`bjn to s`vn Gr. D`jlsob. Cownvnr, ìi rnsusjat`taob `be ev`bjne iahn

support nhhorts provne ubsujjnsshui. Gr. D`jlsob ppn`rne to mn enè. V`r`gneajs mnianvne

tc`t `ppnii`bts st`tngnbt tc`t Gr. D`jlsob cè rnjnbtiy nxpnranbjne j`rea`j `rrnst w`s

abjobsastnbt watc tcnar omsnrv`taobs oh Gr. D`jlsobs `ppn`r`bjn `be jobeataob. Ucny bnvnr


11/68

00

s`w `by sakb oh iahn ab Gr. D`jlsob `be nstag`tne tcn tagn oh tcn `rrnst w`s `bywcnrn hrog

=6 gabutns to `b cour mnhorn tcny cè `rravne.

Eurabk tcn rnsusjat`tavn nhhorts tcn p`r`gneajs cè mnnb ab jobt`jt watc ^JI@

cospatì `be cè rnjnavne earnjtavns hrog tcn ngnrknbjy roog eojtors `t tcn cospatì. Ucn^JI@ eojtor `ssakbne to tcn g`ttnr ùtcorazne tcn p`r`gneajs to proboubjn Gr. D`jlsob

enè m`sne ob tcn pcysajì jc`r`jtnrastajs ensjramne `be tcn inbktc oh tcn rnsusjat`tavn

`ttngpts. Cownvnr, `t `ppnii`bts rnqunst nhhorts to rnvavn Gr. D`jlsob jobtabune `be tcny

prnp`rne to tr`bshnr cag to JI@ gneajì jnbtnr.

@s p`r`gneajs prnp`rne to tr`bsport Gr. D`jlsob to ^JI@ gneajì jnbtnr, `ppnii`bt

w`s omsnrvne ab Gr. D`jlsobs roog iobn watc ` tr`sc m`k ab cas c`be. Cn w`s pajlabk up

atngs ohh oh tcn hioor bn`r tcn bakctst`be.

@t tcn ^JI@ cospatì, eojtors qunstaobne `ppnii`bt `mout Gr. D`jlsobs jobeataob

`be gneaj`taobs cn cè mnnb kavnb. @ppnii`bt st`tne tc`t Gr. D`jlsob c e mnnb worlabk

iobk cours `be cn mnianvne Gr. D`jlsob w`s encyer`tne. Cn sàe cn k`vn Gr. D`jlsob `b AX

`be ègabastnrne 5 gaiiakr`gs oh Ior`znp`g `be sàe cn watbnssne Gr. D`jlsob ko abto

`rrnst. @ppnii`bt w`s `slne ah cn k`vn Gr. D`jlsob `by otcnr b`rjotajs or sne`tavns `be

`ppnii`bt enbane kavabk Gr. D`jlsob `bytcabk nisn. @ppnii`bt rnportne tc`t Gr. D`jlsobs

routabn gneaj`taobs wnrn Xìaug (` sne`tavn) `be Hiog`x (gneaj`taob hor `b nbi`rkne

prost tn). Cn eae bot gnbtaob ègabastnrabk Vropohoi. Gr. D`jlsob w`s proboubjne enè

`be tcn poiajn `be jorobnr wnrn suggobne to tcn cospatì.

Ucn Abvnstak`taob

Ab tcn n`riy nvnbabk oh Dubn =>, Niass` Hin`l, `b abvnstak`tor watc tcn Ios @bknins

Jorobnrs Ohhajn, `rravne `t tcn cospatì. Zcn jobeujtne ` mranh nx`gab`taob oh Gr. D`jlsobs

moey, mut eae bot snn by omvaous sakb oh jùsn oh en tc. Hin l tool justoey oh hour vaìs oh

Gr. D`jlsobs miooe t`lnb `t tcn cospatì.

Hin`l projnnene to Gr. D`jlsobs rnsaenbjn `be abvnstak`tne tcn mneroog wcnrn cn

eane. ^benrbn`tc ` bakctst`be ab tcn mneroog, Hin`l hoube b ìgost ngpty =6-gaiiaiatnr

mottin oh Vropohoi. Bn r tcn bakctst be, Hin`l hoube prnsjraptaob mottins hor Ea znp`g,

Ior`znp`g, `be Hiog`x `be b ìgost ngpty mottin oh Hiug`znbai. Hin`l hoube gorn


12/68

0=

pc rg jnutaj i jobtàbnrs ab ` wajlnr m`slnt bn r tcn bakctst`be, abjiueabk jobt abnrs hor

Ung`znp`g, Uaz`baeabn, Jiob`znp`g, `be Ur`zoeobn. Hin`l s`w snvnrì oxyknb t`bls ab tcn

mneroog. Obn t`bl w`s ob ` roiiabk eoiiy bn r tcn mne. Hin l iso s`w `b @gmu m`k be b

AX j`tcntnr ob tcn hioor.Ob tcn bakctst`be, Hin`l hoube otcnr gneajì atngs, abjiueabk ` 06-jj syrabkn watcout

` bnnein. Hin`l ìso s`w `b AX st`be watc ` c`bkabk sìabn m`k `be AX tumabk er`pne ovnr tcn

AX poin `be rnjovnrne wc`t `ppn`rne to mn ` duk oh urabn sattabk ob ` jcàr ab tcn mneroog.

Eurabk `ppnii`bts poiajn abtnrvanw ob Dubn =;, `ppnii`bt rnvnìne tc`t tcn atngs cn

cè usne ab trn`tabk Gr. D`jlsob ob Dubn =>, `be tc`t cn `be @iv`rnz cè k`tcnrne up, wnrn

ab tcrnn m`ks (` Jostjo m`k, mi`jl m`k, `be ` miun m`k) absaen Gr. D`jlsobs jiosnt. Ob Dubn

=1, =661, Hin`l rnjovnrne tcn m`ks hrog tcn jiosnt ab Gr. D`jlsobs roog.

Absaen tcn sgìi mi`jl m`k, Hin`l hoube4 ` miooe prnssurn juhh `be tcrnn mottins oh

Iaeojàbn, two ìgost ngpty `be obn `mout cìh huii.

Absaen tcn i`rkn miun Jostjo m`k , Hin`l easjovnrne4 (0) ` sìabn m`k watc ` siat (or jut)

ab at, (tcnsiat sìabn m`k)< (=) ` 066-gaiiaiatnr vaì oh Vropohoi tc`t w`s gorn or inss ngpty

absaen tcn siat sìabn m`k) two 06-gaiiaiatnr mottins oh Gae`zoi`g< (8) ` miooey kùzn< (;) ` puisn

oxagntnr< `be (3) ` pi`staj m`k huii oh gneajì enmras.

Absaen tcn tcare m`k Hin`l hoube, `gobk otcnr atngs, (0) two huii 066-gaiiaiatnr

Vropohoi mottins< (=) snvnb =6-gaiiaiatnr Vropohoi mottins, hour ubopnbne `be tcrnn opnbne< (:)

tcrnn Iaeojàbn mottins, obn ubopnbne `be two opnbne/jobsugne< `be (5) vaìs oh

Gae`zoi`g, mottins oh Hiug`znbai, mottins oh 06 gaiiaiatnrs oh Ior`znp`g< `be `b AX tumabk

envajn.

06 Ucn 066-gaiiaiatnr vaì oh Vropohoi (Nxc. :6) cè `ppnii`bts habknrprabt ob at. Hin`lsbotns eae bot abeaj`tn tc`t tcn Vropohoi mottin (Nxc. :6) w`s hoube absaen tcn siat sìabn m`k(Nxc. =1)< scn iastne tcn siat sìabn m`k `be tcn Vropohoi mottin m`jl to m`jl ab cnr botns `satngs hoube. Hin`l tnstahane `t tcn prniagab`ry cn`rabk `be eurabk tcn traì tc`t scn hoube tcnVropohoi mottin absaen tcn siat sìabn m`k.


13/68

0:

Zcn ìso rnjovnrne atngs hrog D`jlsobs roog ob tcn AX st`be abjiueabk ` snjobe

sìabn m`k, AX tumabk, ` Q-jobbnjtor `tt`jcne to tumabk `be ` syrabkn watc `b `tt`jcne bnnein

hrog tcn port oh tcn Q-jobbnjtor `be ` spiajne snjtaob oh tcn nbe oh tcn A.X. tumabk tc`t

jobtàbne miooe.@b ùtopsy `be toxajoioky tnsts wnrn jobeujtne ob Gr. D`jlsobs moey to entnrgabn

tcn jùsn oh cas en`tc. Ucnsn tnsts rnvnìne tc`t Gr. D`jlsob cè ` bugmnr oh eruks ab cas

systng `t tcn tagn oh cas en`tc, abjiueabk Vropohoi, Iaeojàbn, Xìaug, @tav`b, Gae`zoi`g

`be Npcnerabn.

Uoxajoioky tnsts ìso rnvnìne tcn prnsnbjn oh Vropohoi `be Iaeojàbn ab tcn syrabkn

hoube ob Gr. D`jlsobs bakctst`be `be ab tcn eastì jogpobnbts (a.n., sìabn m`k, tumabk, Q-

jobbnjtor `be syrabkn bnnein) oh tcn AX st`be.

M`sne ob tcn toxajoioky habeabks, `ppnii`bts Dubn =; st`tngnbt to poiajn, `be

nvaenbjn hoube `t tcn sjnbn `be i`jl oh gneajì rnjores hor Gr. D`jlsobs trn`tgnbt ob Dubn

=>, tcn jorobnrs ohhajn entnrgabne tc`t Gr. D`jlsobs jùsn oh en`tc w`s cogajaen`jutn

Vropohoi abtoxaj`taob watc tcn jobtramutabk nhhnjt oh mnbzoea`znpabns. Ucn jorobnrs

jobjiusaob w`s m`sne ob `ppnii`bts ègassaob oh ègabastnrabk Vropohoi `be

mnbzoea`znpabns to Gr. D`jlsob< tcn jobjiusaob tc`t at w`s bot b ppropra tn gneaj i

abeaj`taob to kavn Vropohoi hor absogba`< `be tcn snttabk oh ègabastnrabk Vropohoi ab tcn

cogn, bot ` jiabaj or cospatì wcnrn gneajì gobatorabk envajns wouie mn vài`min. Ucn

jorobnr hurtcnr opabne tc`t tcn jarjugst`bjns oh tcn j`sn eae bot support tcn jobjiusaob tc`t

Gr. D`jlsob snih-ègabastnrne Vropohoi. Ucn jorobnr rndnjtne tcn possamaiaty tc`t tc`t Gr.

D`jlsob woln up `be, wcain ubenr tcn abhiunbjn oh Vropohoi `be otcnr sne`tavns, w`s `min to

abdnjt cagsnih watc Vropohoi. Ucn jorobnr nxpiàbne tc`t, ah Gr. D`jlsob snih-abdnjtne ab tcn

ink, at wouie t`ln ` wcain hor tcn eruk to rn`jc tcn mràb `be hor cag to stop mrn`tcabk, mut

`ppnii`bt sàe cn w`s `w`y hor obiy two gabutns `be tcnb hoube Gr. D`jlsob bot mrn`tcabk.

Ucn jorobnr mnianvne tcn gorn rn`sob`min sjnb`rao w`s tc`t `ppnii`bt ègabastnrne Vropohoi

to Gr. D`jlsob hrog tagn-to-tagn ob Dubn => `be, mnjùsn `ppnii`bt cè bo eos`kn envajn, cn

abjorrnjtiy nstag`tne tcn `goubt oh Vropohoi tc`t cn ègabastnrne to Gr. D`jlsob.


14/68

05

Ucn jorobnr ìso jobjiuene tc`t tcn otcnr sne`tavns ab D`jlsobs systng Gae`zoi`g

`be Ior`znp`g jogmabne watc Vropohoi jouie rnsuit ab ` quajlnr `be nbc`bjne rnspar`tory

enprnssaob `be j`reaov`sjui`r hàiurn.

@ppnii`bts @rrnst be Jc`rkns be Vrn-Uraì Vrojnneabks@ppnii`bt w`s `rrnstne `be jc`rkne ab ` obn-joubt abhorg`taob watc abvoiubt`ry

g`bsiùkctnr (Vnb. Joen, 01=, sume. (m)). @ppnii`bt pine bot kuaity.

Vraor to traì `ppnii`bt soukct to c`vn v`raous atngs tc`t poiajn `be tcn jorobnr cè

joiinjtne eurabk tcn joursn oh tcn abvnstak`taob tnstne, tcoukc cn bnvnr soukct to c`vn tcn

066-gaiiaiatnr vaì oh Vropohoi hoube absaen tcn siat sìabn m`k (Vnopins Nxcamat :6) tnstne to

entnrgabn tcn nx`jt jcngajì jobtnbt oh tcn rnsaeun ab tcn mottin.

@ppnii`bt ìso haine ` gotaob to nxjiuen j`gnr`s hrog tcn jourtroog `be to snqunstnr

tcn dury.00

Vraor to traì, tcn prosnjutaob haine ` gotaob to nxjiuen nvaenbjn oh Gr. D`jlsobs

hab`bjaì jobeataob, i`wsuats pnbeabk kàbst cag be cas jobtr`jt watc @NK. Ucn jourt

nxjiuene tcn nvaenbjn jobjiueabk tc`t tcn nvaenbjn w`s arrninv`bt `be abègassamin ubenr

Nvaenbjn Joen snjtaob :>=. Ucn prosnjutaob ìso haine ` gotaob ab iagabn to nxjiuen, `gobk

tcn tnstagoby oh v`raous watbnssns, tcn tnstagoby oh Gr. D`jlsobs enrg`toiokast, Er. @rboie

Linab (`be two oh Linabs st`hh gngmnrs). Ucn prosnjutor botne tc`t cn wouie bot mn

omdnjtabk to tcn ègassaob oh Er. Linabs gneajì rnjores tc`t scowne tc`t Er. Linab cè mnnb

ègabastnrabk Engnroi to Gr. D`jlsob ab tcn gobtcs be wnnls mnhorn cas en`tc. Cownvnr,

tcn prosnjutor ìso `rkune tc`t Er. Linabs tnstagoby (`be tc`t oh cas st`hh) wouie bot mn

rninv`bt `be gakct jobhusn `be eastr`jt tcn dury ab vanw oh tcn h`jt tc`t ùtopsy rnsuits

scowne Gr. D`jlsob eae bot c`vn Engnroi ab cas systng `t tcn tagn oh cas en tc. Ucn traì

jourt `krnne `be nxjiuene tcn tnstagoby oh Er. Linab `be cas st`hh.

00 Ob Znptngmnr =, =600, `ppnii`bt haine ` pntataob hor wrat oh g`be`tn `be ` st`y abtcas jourt snnlabk `b orenr earnjtabk tcn traì jourt to snqunstnr tcn dury. Ucas jourt (j`snBo. M=:>801) sugg`raiy enbane tcn pntataob, jobjiueabk tc`t `ppnii`bt cè botengobstr`tne tcn traì jourt cè `musne ats easjrntaob wcnb at enbane cas gotaob.


15/68

0>

Uraì Vrojnneabks

Eurabk tcn traì tcn prosnjutaob prnsnbtne tnstagoby hrog bugnrous watbnssns

abjiueabk @iv`rnz, tcn p`r`gneajs, ^JI@ trn`tnrs, `be jorobnr abvnstak`tor Hin`l.

Uo engobstr`tn tc`t `ppnii`bts ègabastr`taob oh v`raous eruks, abjiueabk Vropohoi, toGr. D`jlsob, vaoi`tne tcn st`be`re oh j`rn ab tcn gneajì prohnssaob tcn prosnjutaob ìso

prnsnbtne nvaenbjn hrog gneajì nxpnrts h gaia r watc tcn propnr egabastr taob oh Vropohoi

`be sne`tavns, trn`tgnbt oh absogba` `be tcn st`be`re oh j`rn ab tcn gneajì prohnssaob.

Zpnjahajìiy, tcn prosnjutaob prnsnbtne tcrnn gneajì nxpnrts wco opabne tc`t `ppnii`bt

joggattne nkrnkaous `be ubjobsjaob`min vaoi`taobs oh tcn st`be`re oh j`rn ob Dubn => `be ab

tcn gobtcs mnhorn Gr. D`jlsobs en`tc wcnb cn ègabastnrne Vropohoi `be otcnr eruks to Gr.

D`jlsob ab cas cogn.

Er. Ztnvnb Zc`hnr, `bnstcnsaoiokast `be prohnssor oh `bnstcnsaoioky `t Joiugma`

^bavnrsaty `be `b èdubjt prohnssor `t Zt`bhore ^bavnrsaty `be tcn ^bavnrsaty oh Jìahorba`,

tnstahane eurabk tcn traì. Er. Zc`hhnr cnipne nst`miasc tcn eosabk kuaeniabns hor Vropohoi

sne`taob jobtàbne ab tcn p`jl`kn absnrt hor tcn eruk. Er. Zc`hnr ìso cè nxpnrtasn ab tcn

hanie oh Vropohoi pc`rg`jolabntajs `be cè jobeujtne nxtnbsavn rnsn`rjc ab tcn

pc rg jolabntajs oh Vropohoi, Ior`znp`g, Gae`zoi`g, `be Iaeoj abn. Er. Zc hnr rnvanwne

nvaenbjn ab tcas j`sn, abjiueabk tcn ùtopsy, toxajoioky nvaenbjn `be `ppnii`bts st`tngnbt to

poiajn, to nvìu`tn tcn st`be re oh j`rn provaene my `ppnii`bt. Er. Zc hnr omsnrvne gabor,

snraous, nkrnkaous, `be ubjobsjaob`min vaoi`taobs `be enva`taobs hrog tcn st`be`re oh j`rn.0=

Er. Zc`hnr aenbtahane `be tnstahane `ppnii`bt cè gèn 0; nkrnkaous vaoi`taobs, hour oh wcajc,

ab cas vanw, wnrn ubjobsjaob`min.

0= Cn ensjramne tcn jobtabuug oh vaoi`taobs. @ gabor vaoi`taob wouie bot jùsn

c`rg to ` p`tanbt< ` snraous vaoi`taob jouie mn nxpnjtne to jùsn c`rg to ` p`tanbt `be `bnkrnkaous vaoi`taob as obn ` jogpntnbt pcysaja`b wouie bot g`ln `be gakct inè to `hornsnn`min j`t`stropcaj outjogn. @b ubjobsjaob`min vaoi`taob as vaoi`taob oh ` p`tanbtsrakcts.


16/68

08

Er. @iob Ztnabmnrk, ` mo`re jnrtahane j`reaoiokast, jcanh oh j`reaoioky `t Joggubaty

Gngoraì Cospatì ab Xnbtur`, `be nxpnrt hor tcn Jìahorba` Gneajì Mo`re (ab nvìu`tabk

wcntcnr eojtors `rn watcab tcn st`be`re oh j`rn ab trn`tabk p`tanbts) ìso tnstahane eurabk tcn

traì. Cn rnvanwne nvaenbjn oh `ppnii`bts `jts `be ogassaob ob Dubn =>, =661, watc hojusob `ppnii`bts Dubn =; st`tngnbt to tcn poiajn. Er. Ztnabmnrk hoube `ppnii bt cè gèn sax

nxtrngn enva`taobs hrog tcn st`be`re oh j`rn.

Er. Bènr L`g`bk`r w`s tcn tcare nxpnrt prnsnbtne my tcn prosnjutaob ab tcas j`sn.

Er. L`g`bknr as ` mo`re jnrtahane eojtor `be nxpnrt ab abtnrbì gneajabn, puigob`ry, jratajì

j`rn, `be sinnp gneajabn pcysaja`b. Cn jobeujtne ` rnvanw oh tcn trn`tgnbt provaene my

`ppnii`bt to Gr. D`jlsob `be hoube guitapin nxtrngn enva`taobs ab tcn st`be`re oh j`rn.

Ers. Zc`hnr `be Ztnabmnrk hoube `ppnii`bts ìinkne trn`tgnbt oh absogba` watc

Vropohoi w`s `b nkrnkaous `be nxtrngn enva`taob hrog tcn st`be`re oh j`rn. Ucny motc

tnstahane tc`t `t tcn tagn oh Gr. D`jlsobs en`tc, tcnrn w`s bo prnjnenbt tc`t at w`s `ppropra`tn

to trn`t absogba` watc Vropohoi ab `by snttabk.

Er. L`g`bk`r, tcn nxpnrt ab sinnp gneajabn, jobjiuene tc`t `ppnii`bt `jtne ab nxtrngn

enva`taob hrog tcn st`be`re oh j`rn ab cas trn`tgnbt oh Gr. D`jlsobs absogba`. Er.

L`g`bk`r nxpiàbne, `htnr ` ea`kbosas oh absogba`, tcn pcysaja`b gust harst `ttngpt to

èernss tcn proming tcroukc mnc`vaorì tnjcbaquns. Mut cn s`w bo nvaenbjn `ppnii`bt usne

sujc tnjcbaquns watc Gr. D`jlsob. Er. L`g`bk`r ìso nxpiàbne tcn pcysaja`b j`b usn

eruks tc`t `rn `pprovne my tcn Hnenrì Eruk @egabastr`taob (HE@) to trn`t absogba`bob-

mnbzoea`znpabns`be ah ubsujjnsshui j b usn tcn hour HE@ pprovne mnbzoea`znpabns ab

t`mint horg (Ura`zoi`g, Ung`znp`g, Hiur`znp`g, `be Vrosog). @ppnii`bt, cownvnr,

ègabastnrne Ea`znp`g, Ior`znp`g, be Gae`zoi`g, mnbzoea`znpabns tc`t wnrn bot

`pprovne my tcn HE@ to trn`t absogba`. Cn ìso opabne tcn abtr`vnbous horg oh tcnsn eruks

tc`t `ppnii`bt usne w`s ab`ppropra`tn hor iobk-tnrg trn`tgnbt oh absogba`. Er. L`g`bk`r

hoube `ppnii`bts ègabastr`taob oh Gae`zoi`g `be Ior`znp`g abtr`vnbousiy tokntcnr watc

Ea`znp`g `be Vropohoi hor tcn trn`tgnbt oh absogba` w`s `b nxtrngn enva`taob hrog tcn

st`be`re oh j`rn. Cn nxpiàbne tc`t Vropohoi c`s bo roin ab tcn g`b`kngnbt oh absogba` be

at w`s abjobjnav`min `be ubntcajì to usn Vropohoi hor tc`t purposn.


17/68

0;

Ucn eojtors ìso jobjiuene tc`t `ppnii`bt joggattne nkrnkaous `be nxtrngn vaoi`taobs

oh tcn st`be`re oh j`rn ab bugnrous w`ys4 (0) hàiabk to omtàb abhorgne jobsnbt `mout tcn

rasls oh iobk tnrg usn oh Vropohoi< (=) hàiabk to c`vn propnr gneajì nquapgnbt (ngnrknbjy

àrw`y nquapgnbt, sujtaob `pp`r`tus, abhusaob pugp to gobator eosabk, ` propnr puisnoxagntnr watc `b ì`rg, ` miooe prnssurn juhh, `b ninjtroj`reaokr`g, j`pbokr`pcy g`jcabn,

`be ngnrknbjy eruks) `t tcn ioj`taob wcnrn Vropohoi w`s ègabastnrne< (:) hàiabk to c`vn

propnr gneaj i pnrsobbni prnsnbt to ssast cag be gobator Gr. D`jlsobs jobeataob< (5)

hàiabk to jobtabuousiy gobator Gr. D`jlsobs jobeataob eurabk trn`tgnbt `be in`vabk cag

ubgobatorne hor `by pnraoe oh tagn< (>) hàiabk to eojugnbt Gr. D`jlsobs jobeataob eurabk

sne`taob< (8) i`jlabk `ppropra`tn slaiis to rnspobe to `b ngnrknbjy satu`taob `be rnbenrabk

agpropnr àe eurabk tcn ngnrknbjy< (;) hàiabk to aggnea`tniy suggob cnip my jìiabk (3)

hàiabk to provaen jogpintn abhorg`taob `be provaeabk gasabhorg`taob to gneajì pnrsobbni tc`b

cn ègattne to poiajn. Cas opabaob w`s m`sne ob tcn toxajoioky `be ùtopsy rnsuits scowabk

tcn invnis oh tcnsn eruks prnsnbt ab Gr. D`jlsobs moey `t tcn tagn oh cas en`tc. Er. Zc`hnrs

0: Er. Zc`hnrs opabaob tc`t `ppnii`bt ègabastnrne gorn tc`b tcn 5 gaiiakr`gs ohIor`znp`g cn jiàgne w`s ìso m`sne ob tcn h`jt tc`t `ppnii`bts ègabastr`taob ohHiug`znbai (`b `btaeotn to rnvnrsn `b ovnreosn oh Ior`znp`g) abeaj`tne `ppnii`bt lbnw cncè kavnb Gr. D`jlsob gorn tc`b 5 gaiiakr`gs oh Ior znp`g. Er. Zc`hnr tnstahane tc`t 5gaiiakr`gs oh Ior`znp`g kavnb cours mnhorn `ppnii`bt jiàgne wouie prom`miy bot w`rr`bttcn egabastr`taob oh Hiug`znbai.


18/68

03

nxpnragnbts ìso jcìinbkne tcn jiàgs `ppnii`bt gèn `s to tcn tagn cn ègabastnrne tcn

eruks to Gr. D`jlsob `be tcn gntcoe oh ègabastr`taob.05

[atc rnspnjt to tcn ègabastr`taob oh Vropohoi, m`sne ob v`raous sagui`taobs usabk

eahhnrnbt eosns oh Vropohoi `be jogp`rabk tcosn rnsuits to tcn ùtopsy `be toxajoiokynvaenbjn, Er. Zc`hnr opabne tc`t tcn obiy sjnb`rao jobsastnbt watc tcn nvaenbjn, w`s tc`t

`ppnii`bt ègabastnrne ` 066-gaiiaiatnr abhusaob oh Vropohoi my erap to Gr. D`jlsob ob Dubn

=>.0>

Cn tnstahane tc`t bot obiy w`s tcn 066 gaiiaiatnr abhusaob gntcoe jobsastnbt watc tcn

ùtopsy `be toxajoioky rnsuits, at w`s ìso jobsastnbt watc tcn `goubt oh Vropohoi `ppnii`bt

cè `vài`minspnjahajìiy tcn h`jt `ppnii`bt purjc`sne 0:6 vaìs oh 066 gaiiaiatnr oh

Vropohoinboukc vaìs to usn ` 066-gaiiaiatnr vaì nvnry bakct. At hurtcnr jorrnspobene watc

tcn nvaenbjn hoube ab Gr. D`jlsobs roog my @iv`rnz `be joiinjtne my jorobnr abvnstak`tor

Hin`l, abjiueabk Nxcamat :6, tcn sìabn siat m`k watc tcn 066-gaiiaiatnr mottin oh Vropohoi absaen.

Ucn sjnb`rao w`s jobsastnbt watc `ppnii`bt c`vabk inht Gr. D`jlsob ìobn ab tcn roog hor `

pnraoe oh tagn ubgobatorne mnjùsn cn ppn`rne to mn irakct.

05 Er. Zc`hnr nxpiàbne tc`t Gr. D`jlsob's stog`jc jobtnbts `be otcnr nvaenbjn scowne

tc`t Gr. D`jlsob eae bot orìiy abknst Vropohoi or swìiow Ior`znp`g paiis mntwnnb 3466 `.g.`be 0=466 boob, jobtr`ry to `ppnii`bts tcnory oh jùs`taob.

0> ^benr tcas sjnb`rao, `ppnii`bt wouie st`rt tcn abhusaob, my erap `t `mout 1466 `.g., `beat wouie rub ubtai `mout 0=466 boob. Zc`hnr nxpiàbne tc`t eurabk tcn abhusaob, tcnrn wouiemn b jjugui`taob oh Vropohoi ab tcn moey. Abataìiy, tcn invni oh Vropohoi wouie rasn quajliyto ` jobjnbtr`taob tc`t w`s cakc nboukc tc`t tcn `goubt oh eruk tc`t tcn iavnr w`sgnt`moiazabk wouie mn mout tcn s`gn `s tcn `goubt rubbabk abto tcn p`tanbt. Ucnrn`htnr tcn

Vropohoi wouie mnkab to haii up ab tcn ork`bs. Mntwnnb 1466 `.g. `be 06466 .g., cnnstag`tne tc`t Gr. D`jlsobs mrn`tcabk wouie c`vn siowne `be hrog 00466 to 0045> `.g., Gr.D`jlsobs mrn`tcabk wouie c`vn siowne to tcn poabt oh `pbn . @roube 004:6 or 0045> `.g.,tcn hiow oh oxyknb abto Gr. D`jlsobs iubks wouie stop `be `mout 06 to 0> gabutns i`tnr, Gr.D`jlsobs cn`rt wouie stop. Gr. D`jlsob wouie c vn eane watc tcn abhusaob rubbabk. @s `rnsuit, tcn invni oh Vropohoi ab tcn miooe wouie mn cakc, mnjùsn tcnrn wouie mn boopportubaty hor tcn r`pae gnt`moiasg oh Vropohoi.


19/68

01

Er. Zc`hnr ìso engobstr`tne cow ` Vropohoi abhusaob jouie mn ègabastnrne usabk `

sìabn siat m`k `be watc ` mottin oh Vropohoi absaen sujc `s tc`t rnjovnrne ab tcas j`sn (Nxcamat

:6).08

Ucn gneajì nxpnrts ìso tnstahane `mout otcnr assuns rni`tne to tcn jùsn oh Gr.D`jlsobs en`tc. Er. Zc`hnr `be Er. L`g`bk`r tnstahane tc`t `ppnii`bts egabastr`taob oh

guitapin, saguit`bnous eruks (Ea`znp`g, Gae`zoi`g, Ior`znp`g, `be Vropohoi) tc`t e`y,

wcajc tcny i`mnine nbk`kabk ab poiy pc`rg`jy, w`s bot obiy ` snraous vaoi`taob oh tcn

st`be`re oh j`rn, mut ìso possamin jùsn oh Gr. D`jlsobs en`tc. Ucny tnstahane tc`t

ègabastnrabk tcnsn eruks, nvnb ab tcn eosns `ppnii`bt ègattne ab cas st`tngnbt to poiajn,

joupine watc Gr. D`jlsobs encyer`taob `be tcn i`jl oh otcnr gneajì s`hnku`res jrn`tne `

rasl oh rnspar`tory enprnssaob `be j`reaov`sjui`r hàiurn `be juigab`tne ab tcn pnrhnjt storg

wcajc `ppn`rne to ojjur ab tcas j`sn.

Ucn prosnjutaobs nxpnrts jobjiuene, nvnb m`sne ob `ppnii`bts vnrsaob oh nvnbts, tc`t

Gr. D`jlsob abknstne Ior`znp`g `be/or Vropohoi wcnb `ppnii`bt inht cag ubgobatorne,

`ppnii`bt w`s staii earnjtiy rnspobsamin hor Gr. D`jlsobs en`tc m`sne ob tcn nkrnkaous

vaoi`taobs oh tcn st`be`re oh j`rnabjiueabk, hàiabk to gobator, hàiabk to c`vn tcn m`saj

nquapgnbt, `m`beobabk cas p`tanbt, ìiowabk `jjnss to eruks, iyabk to gneajì pnrsobbni, `be

eni`yabk ab jìiabk 1-0-0. Er. Zc`hnr nxpiàbne at wouie c`vn mnnb ` hornsnn`min jobsnqunbjn

oh snttabk up ` e`bknrous g`bbnr oh ègabastnrabk eruks `be tcnb `m`beobabk Gr. D`jlsob.

@iso, ah `ppnii`bts st`tngnbt tc`t Gr. D`jlsob ialne to pusc Vropohoi wnrn trun, at w`s `b

nbtarniy hornsnn`min rasl tc`t Gr. D`jlsob jouie snih-abdnjt. Er. Ztnabmnrk nxpiàbne tc`t

08 Er. Zc`hnr omsnrvne tcn stoppnr oh Nxcamat :6 (tcn 066-gaiiaiatnr Vropohoi mottin hoube

ab tcn siat sìabn m`k) cè mnnb pnbntr`tne watc ` spaln. Er. Zc`hnr jobjnene tc`t cn cè botmnhorn snnb ` siat s iabn m`k usne to suspnbe Vropohoi mottin s w`s usne ab tcas j`sn `be tc tas w`s `b nxtrngniy ubs`hn `be ubst`min sntup wcajc gèn at eahhajuit to jobtroi tcn eosnrnjnavne. Cownvnr, cn ìso rni`tne, tcnrn w`s bo eahhnrnbjn ab tcn piugmabk wcnb Vropohoi mottin as suspnbene ob ats owb or absaen ` sìabn m`k. Mnjùsn oh tcn usn oh tcasabhusaob sntup, tcn iobk tumabk hoube ob tcn AX st`be absaen Gr. D`jlsobs mneroog eae bottnst posatavn hor Vropohoi, mut tcn scort tumabk hoiiowabk tcn Q-jobbnjtor eae.


20/68

=6

cospatìs storn sne`tavns ab iojlne, p`sswore-protnjtne j`mabnts mnjùsn at as hornsnn`min tc`t

sognobn jouie t`ln gneajabn ab`ppropra`tniy.

Eurabk cas enhnbsn j`sn, `ppnii`bt prnsnbtne jc`r`jtnr watbnssns, abjiueabk tnstagoby

hrog horgnr p`tanbts wco st`tne tc`t `ppnii`bt wouie bot `m`beob ` p`tanbt, w`s ` j`rabkeojtor, `be w`s bot gotav`tne my gobny.

@ppnii`bt prnsnbtne nvaenbjn tc`t Gr. D`jlsob `ttngptne to omtàb abtr`vnbous sinnp

gneaj`taob, abjiueabk Vropohoi hrog otcnr eojtors `be otcnr cnìtc j`rn prohnssaobìs ab tcn

p`st. Cn prnsnbtne nvaenbjn tc t Gr. D`jlsob w`s pprasne tc`t at w`s bot ppropra`tn to usn

Vropohoi ab ` cogn snttabk be tc`t at w`s b `bnstcntaj usne hor surknry or ab tcn AJ^. Cn

prnsnbtne nvaenbjn tc t Gr. D`jlsob st tne tc`t cn cè mnnb toie tc t at jouie mn egabastnrne

`t cogn ah cn w`s gobatorne.

@ppnii`bt ìso prnsnbtne nvaenbjn hrog `b nxpnrt Er. ]omnrt [ìeg`b wco

spnjaìazns ab abtnrbì gneajabn, bnpcroioky, `be èeajtaob gneajabn. Er. [ìeg`b tnstahane

tc`t m`sne ob tcn ensjraptaob oh Gr. D`jlsobs jobeujt `be jobeataob ab tcn e`ys inèabk up to

cas en`tc `be Er. Linabs rnjores, at `ppn`rne tc`t Gr. D`jlsob g`y c`vn mnnb enpnbenbt `be

possamiy èeajtne to Engnroi. Cn opabne tc t Gr. D`jlsob `ppn rne to mn nxcamatabk

sygptogs oh watcer`wì hrog Engnroi, wcajc abjiuen4 swn`tabk< abjrn`sne cn`rt r`tn, b`gniy, tc`t cn

k`vn Gr. D`jlsob ` =>-gaiiakr`g abdnjtaob oh Vropohoi (ovnr tcrnn to havn gabutns) `be tcnb

inht tcn roog wouie bot prnsnbt ` e`bknrous satu`taob.

Er. [catn rndnjtne Er. Zc`hnrs tcnory tc`t `ppnii`bt ègabastnrne 066 gaiiaiatnrs oh

Vropohoi `s abjobsastnbt watc `ppnii`bts st`tngnbt to poiajn `be tcn pcysajì nvaenbjn,

abjiueabk tcn `goubt oh Vropohoi hoube ab tcn ùtopsy urabn `be tcn Iaeojàbn invnis `t


21/68

=0

ùtopsy. Er. [catn st`tne tc`t cn cè bnvnr snnb or cn`re oh ` siat sìabn m`k usne to c`bk `

mottin oh Vropohoi.

Ab ensjramabk cas vanw tc`t Gr. D`jlsob abdnjtne cagsnih watc tcn intcì eosn oh

Vropohoi, Er. [catn tcnorazne tc`t `ppnii`bt ernw up ` syrabkn oh Vropohoi `be Iaeojàbn `betcnb inht Gr. D`jlsob `be tcn syrabkn oh Vropohoi ab tcn roog ub`ttnbene hor sogn pnraoe

tagn. Er. [catn mnianvne Gr. D`jlsob abdnjtne cagsnih htnr 00456 `.g., wcnb `ppnii`bt w`s

ob tcn :6-56 gabutn tninpcobn jìi. Er. [catn `ssugne tc`t tcn hoiiowabk snrans oh nvnbts

ojjurrne4 Gr. D`jlsob kot out oh mne, wcnnine tcn A X st`be wcain coieabk tcn urabn m`k

(wcajc cn w`s `tt`jcne my tcn jobeog j`tcntnr), kot tcn syrabkn oh Vropohoi sognwcnrn ab

tcn roog, rnturbne to mne `be tcnb cn snih-ègabastnrne tcn h`tì eosn oh => gaiiakr`gs oh

Vropohoi `t tcn Q-jobbnjtor. Er. [catn opabne tc`t Gr. D`jlsob wouie c`vn eane abst`btiy

upob snih-abdnjtaob.

Er. [catn jobjnene `ppnii`bt enva`tne hrog tcn st`be`re oh j`rn ab cas trn`tgnbt oh

Gr. D`jlsob ob Dubn => `be eurabk tcn praor two gobtcs. Er. [catn `krnne tc`t jobtabuous

omsnrv`taob oh ` p`tanbt wco as sne`tne my Vropohoi w`s w`rr`btne, mut cn ìso nxpiàbne tc`t,

ah ` p`tanbt as omsnrvne hor =6 to :6 gabutns `htnr ` sabkin siow eosn oh => gaiiakr`gs oh

Vropohoi, at as s`hn hor tcn pcysaja`b to in`vn tcn p`tanbts mnesaen. Er. [catn jouie bot dustahy

`ppnii`bt hàiabk to jìi 1-0-0 hor =6 gabutns mut nxpiàbne tc`t, ah ` p`tanbt as ìrnèy enè, at

as ubialniy `bytcabk j`b mn eobn my cnip `rravabk havn gabutns i`tnr. Er. [catn mnianvne

`ppnii`bt ovnrioolne gnbtaobabk Vropohoi to tcn p`r`gneajs, mut nvnb ah cn cè gnbtaobne at,

tcn outjogn wouie c`vn mnnb tcn s`gn.

Ab rnmuttì, tcn prosnjutaob prnsnbtne èeataobì tnstagoby hrog Er. Zc`hnr wco

nxpiàbne tc`t cas sagui`taobs wnrn jobsastnbt watc tcn invnis oh Vropohoi, Ior`znp`g `be

Iaeojàbn ab Gr. D`jlsobs moey `t tcn tagn oh cas en`tc `be tc`t cas abhusaob tcnory w`s bot

enpnbenbt ob Gr. D`jlsob eyabk `t p`rtajui`r tagn (a.n., boob). Cn nxpiàbne tc`t tcn

purposn oh tcn sagui taob w`s to scow tc t cn jouie c`vn eane t by tagn wcnb tcn eruk

jobjnbtr`taob w`s cakc ab cas miooe. Er. Z`hnr rni`tne tc t at w`s possamin hor ppnii`bt to

rngovn sogn Vropohoi hrog tcn ki`ss vaì `be rnpi`jn at watc Iaeojàbn, wcajc wouie


22/68

==

`jjoubt hor tcn invni oh Vropohoi `be Iaeojàbn ab Gr. D`jlsobs moey `t tcn tagn oh cas

en`tc.

@ dury hoube `ppnii`bt kuaity `s jc`rkne.

Vost Xnreajt be ZnbtnbjabkUcn traì jourt enbane prom`taob `be snbtnbjne `ppnii`bt to tcn cakc tnrg oh hour

yn`rs, to mn snrvne ab joubty dài ubenr tcn ]nìakbgnbt @jt `be tcn provasaobs oh Vnbì

Joen snjtaob 00;6, sumeavasaob (c). Ucn jourt `w`rene `ppnii`bt jrneat hor 58 e`ys ab

prnsnbtnbjn justoey, jobsastabk oh =: e`ys oh jtuì justoey `be =: e`ys oh kooe tagn/worl

tagn jrneat.

@ppnii`bt haine tcas ppnì.

EAZJ^ZZAOB

A. Zumst`btaì Nvaenbjn Zupports @ppnii`bts Abvoiubt`ry G`bsiùkctnr Jobvajtaob

@ppnii`bt jobtnbes suhhajanbt nvaenbjn eae bot support cas abvoiubt`ry g`bsiùkctnr

jobvajtaob `be tc`t cas jobvajtaob w`s omtàbne ab vaoi`taob oh cas hnenrì jobstatutaobì

rakcts. [n eas`krnn.

@. ]ninv`bt Inkì Vrabjapins

0. Zuhhajanbjy oh tcn Nvaenbjn

@ jragabì jobvajtaob bot supportne my suhhajanbt nvaenbjn vaoi`tns motc st`tn `be

hnenrì eun projnss `be as tcus abvìae. (^ .Z. Jobst., `gnbe. SAX, 0< Jì. Jobst., `rt.

A, 0>< Vnopin v. ]owi`be(011=) 5 Jì.5tc =:3, =81.) Ab `ssnssabk tcn suhhajanbjy oh

tcn nvaenbjn, wn rnvanw tcn nbtarn rnjore ab tcn iakct gost h`vor`min to tcn duekgnbt to

entnrgabn wcntcnr at easjiosns nvaenbjn tc`t as rn`sob`min, jrneamin, `be oh soiae vìun

sujc tc`t ` rn`sob`min tranr oh h`jt jouie habe tcn enhnbe`bt kuaity mnyobe ` rn`sob`min

eoumt. (Vnopin v. Ztnnin(=66=) =; Jì.5tc 0=:6, 0=51.) [n gust prnsugn tcn nxastnbjn

oh nvnry h`jt tc`t tcn tranr oh h`jt jouie rn`sob`miy eneujn hrog tcn nvaenbjn.0; (Vnopin

v. ^pscnr(=66;) 0>> J`[email protected] 0:00, 0:==.)

0; Nvaenbjn tc`t gnrniy ràsns ` strobk suspajaob oh tcn enhnbe`bts kuait as bot

suhhajanbt to support ` jobvajtaob. Zuspajaob as bot nvaenbjn< at gnrniy ràsns `


23/68

=:

Ucn suhhajanbt nvaenbjn st`be`re as tcn s`gn wcntcnr tcn nvaenbjn as earnjt or

jarjugst`btaì. (Vnopin v. [casnbcubt(=663) 55 Jì.5tc 0;5, =66< Vnopin v. Vanrjn

(01;1) =5 Jì.:e 011, =06 \Jarjugst`btaì nvaenbjn g`y mn suhhajanbt to jobbnjt `

enhnbe`bt watc tcn jragn `be to provn cas kuait mnyobe ` rn`sob`min eoumtW.) @itcoukcat as tcn euty oh tcn dury to `jquat ` enhnbe`bt ah at habes tc`t jarjugst`btaì nvaenbjn as

susjnptamin oh two rn`sob`min abtnrprnt`taobs, obn oh wcajc sukknsts kuait `be tcn otcnr

abbojnbjn, at as tcn dury, bot tcn `ppnii`tn jourt wcajc gust mn jobvabjne oh tcn

enhnbe`bts kuait mnyobe ` rn`sob`min eoumt. (Vnopin v. Gaiiwnn(0113) 03 Jì.5tc 18,

0:=.) Ah tcn jarjugst`bjns rn sob`miy dustahy tcn tranr oh h`jts habeabks, tcn opabaob oh

tcn rnvanwabk jourt tc`t tcn jarjugst`bjns gakct ìso rn`sob`miy mn rnjobjaine watc `

jobtr`ry habeabk eons bot w`rr`bt ` rnvnrsì oh tcn duekgnbt. \Jat`taobs.W (Vnopin v.

Mn`b (0133) 58 Jì.:e 101, 1:=-1::.)

[n g`y rnvnrsn hor i`jl oh sumst`btaì nvaenbjn obiy ah upob bo cypotcnsas

wc`tnvnr as tcnrn suhhajanbt sumst`btaì nvaenbjn to support tcn jobvajtaob. (Vnopin v.

Moiab(0113) 03 Jì.5tc =1;, ::0< Vnopin v. K`rja`(=66;) 0>: J`[email protected] 0511, 0>63.)

Habìiy, ah tcn vnreajt as supportne my sumst`btaì nvaenbjn, wn `jjore eun enhnrnbjn to

tcn vnreajt `be waii bot sumstatutn our nvìu`taobs oh tcn watbnssns jrneamaiaty hor tc`t oh

tcn tranr oh h`jt. (Vnopin v. Loobtz(=66=) =; Jì.5tc 0650, 06;3, ;>>.)


24/68

=5

hnioby. \Jat`taob.W \HWor ìi tcrnn typns oh prneaj`tn jts tcn rnquarne gnbs rn` as

jragabì bnkiaknbjn. (Vnopin v. Mutinr(=606) 03; J`[email protected] 113, 0668.)

Jragabì bnkiaknbjn nxasts wcnb tcn enhnbe`bt nbk`kns ab `kkr`v`tne, juip`min,

kross, or rnjlinss jobeujt, tc`t as sujc ` enp`rturn hrog wc`t wouie mn tcn jobeujt oh `boreab`raiy pruenbt or j`rnhui g`b ubenr tcn s`gn jarjugst`bjns `s to mn abjogp`tamin

watc ` propnr rnk`re hor cug`b iahn, or ab otcnr wores, ` easrnk`re oh cug`b iahn or `b

abeahhnrnbjn to jobsnqunbjns. (Vnopin v. Mutinr, supr`, 03; J`[email protected] `t p. 0663.)

Jragabì bnkiaknbjn c`s ìso mnnb ensjramne `s nxastabk wcnb ` g`b oh oreab`ry

pruenbjn wouie hornsnn tc t tcn `jt wouie jùsn ` cakc enkrnn oh rasl oh en`tc or krn`t

moeaiy c`rg. (Amae.)

Ab èeataob,\aWgpiane gìajn gurenr rnquarns ` enhnbe`bts jobsjaous easrnk`re

hor iahn, gn`babk tc`t tcn enhnbe`bt sumdnjtavniy `pprnja`tne tcn rasl abvoivne. \Jat`taob.W

Ab jobtr`st, abvoiubt`ry g`bsiùkctnr gnrniy rnquarns ` scowabk tc`t ` rn`sob`min pnrsob

wouie c`vn mnnb `w`rn oh tcn rasl. \Jat`taob.W Ucus, nvnb ah tcn enhnbe`bt cè

sumdnjtavn, kooe hàtc mnianh tc`t cas or cnr `jtaobs posne bo rasl, abvoiubt`ry

g`bsiùkctnr juip`maiaty m`sne ob jragabì bnkiaknbjn as w`rr`btne ah tcn enhnbe`bts

mnianh w`s omdnjtavniy ubrn`sob`min. \Jat`taobs.W. (Vnopin v. Mutinr, supr`, 03;

J`[email protected] `t pp. 0663-0661, hb. ogattne.) Ucn `jt gust mn obn wcajc c`s lbow`min

`be `pp`rnbt potnbtaìatans hor rnsuitabk ab en`tc. Gnrn ab`ttnbtaob or gast`ln ab

duekgnbt rnsuitabk nvnb ab en`tc oh `botcnr as bot jragabì ubinss tcn quìaty oh tcn jt

g`lns at so. Ucn hube`gnbtì rnquarngnbt haxabk jragabì rnspobsamaiaty as lbowinekn,

`jtuì or agputne, tc`t tcn `jt oh tcn `jjusne tnbene to nbe`bknr iahn. \Jat`taob.W

(Vnopin v. ]oerakunz(0186) 038 Jì.@pp.=e 5::, 556.)

Abvoiubt`ry g`bsiùkctnr, ialn otcnr horgs oh cogajaen, ìso rnquarns ` scowabk

tc`t tcn enhnbe`bts jobeujt proxag tniy jùsne tcn vajtag's en`tc. (Vnopin v. Z`bjcnz

(=660) =8 Jì.5tc 3:5, 35>< Vnopin v. Mrèy(=66>) 0=1 J`[email protected] 0:05, 0:=5.) Ucn

dury bnne bot enjaen wcntcnr tcn enhnbe`bts jobeujt w`s tcn prag`ry jùsn oh en`tc, mut

bnne obiy enjaen wcntcnr tcn enhnbe`bts jobeujt w`s ` sumst`btaì h`jtor ab jùsabk tcn

en`tc.


25/68

=>

Hurtcnrgorn, wcnb tcnrn `rn jobjurrnbt jùsns oh en`tc, tcn enhnbe`bt as

jragabìiy rnspobsamin ah cas or cnr jobeujt w`s ` sumst`btaì h`jtor jobtramutabk to tcn

rnsuit. [cnb tcn jobeujt oh two or gorn pnrsobs jobtramutns jobjurrnbtiy `s tcn

proxag`tn jùsn oh tcn en`tc, tcn jobeujt oh n`jc as ` proxag`tn jùsn oh tcn en`tc ah tc`tjobeujt w`s ìso ` sumst`btaì h`jtor jobtramutabk to tcn rnsuit. @ jùsn as jobjurrnbt ah at

w`s opnr`tavn `t tcn tagn oh tcn en`tc `be `jtne watc `botcnr jùsn to proeujn tcn en`tc.

(Vnopin v. Mutinr, supr`, 03; J`[email protected] t p. 0661.) Ialnwasn, abtnrvnbabk jùsns eo

bot rnianvn ` enhnbe`bt oh jragabì ia`maiaty ubinss tcn abtnrvnbabk jùsn as `b

ubhornsnn`min `be nxtròreab`ry `be `mborgì ojjurrnbjn wcajc rasns to tcn invni oh `b

nxobnr`tabk, supnrsneabk jùsn. (Vnopin v. Jrnw(=66:) :0 Jì.5tc 3==, 35;.) Ucn

enhnbe`bt rngàbs jragabìiy ia`min ah natcnr tcn possamin jobsnqunbjn gakct rn`sob`miy

c`vn mnnb jobtngpi`tne or tcn enhnbe`bt scouie c`vn hornsnnb tcn possamaiaty oh c`rg oh

tcn labe tc`t jouie rnsuit hrog cas `jt. (Amae.)

Ucus, proxag`tn jùs`taob rnquarns tc`t tcn en`tc w`s ` rn`sob`miy hornsnn`min,

b`turì `be prom`min jobsnqunbjn oh tcn enhnbe`bts `jt, r`tcnr tc`b ` rngotn

jobsnqunbjn tc`t as so absakbahaj`bt or tcnorntajì tc`t at j`bbot propnriy mn rnk`rene `s `

sumst`btaì h`jtor ab mrabkabk `mout tcn en`tc. \Jat`taob.W (Vnopin v. Mutinr, supr`, 03;

J`[email protected] `t pp. 0661-0606< Vnopin v. J`tiab(=660) =8 Jì.5tc 30, 0>>.) [cntcnr tcn

enhnbe`bts jobeujt w`s ` proxag`tn, r`tcnr tc`b rngotn, jùsn oh en`tc as oreab`raiy `

h`jtuì qunstaob hor tcn dury ubinss ubeasputne nvaenbjn . . . rnvnì\sW ` jùsn so rngotn

tc`t . . . bo r`taobì tranr oh h`jt jouie habe tcn bnnene bnxus. (Vnopin v. Mrèy, supr`,

0=1 J`[email protected] `t p. 0:=8.)

@ durys habeabk oh proxag`tn jùs`taob waii mn bot easturmne ob `ppnì ah tcnrn as

nvaenbjn hrog wcajc at g`y mn rn`sob`miy abhnrrne tc`t \tcn enhnbe`btsW `jt w`s `

sumst`btaì h`jtor ab proeujabk tcn en`tc. (Vnopin v. Zjoi`(01;8) >8 Jì.@pp.:e ;=:,

;=8 \0=3 Jì.]ptr. 5;;W.) (Vnopin v. Mutinr, supr`,03; J`[email protected] `t p. 0661.) [atc

tcnsn inkì prabjapins ab gabe wn turb to `ppnii`bts jiàgs.


26/68

=8

M. @ppnii`bts Jobtnbtaobs

@t traì, tcn prosnjutaob prnsnbtne two tcnorans oh abvoiubt`ry g`bsiùkctnr4 (0)

`ppnii`bt joggattne `b `jt ègabastnrne tcn intcì eosn oh Vropohoi watc jragabì

bnkiaknbjn tc`t jùsne Gr. D`jlsobs en`tc< `be (=) `ppnii`bt hàine to pnrhorg cas inkì euty`s ` pcysaja`b, `be `jtne watc jragabì bnkiaknbjn, `be abearnjtiy jùsne Gr. D`jlsobs en`tc.

Mnhorn tcas jourt, `ppnii`bt jiàgs tc`t tcn nvaenbjn prnsnbtne `t traì supportne bnatcnr

prosnjutaob tcnory be abstnè supportne cas vnrsaob oh nvnbts tc t Gr. D`jlsob jùsne cas

owb en`tc my snih-ègabastnrabk tcn intcì eosn oh Vropohoi `be tc`t botcabk `ppnii`bt eae

natcnr mnhorn or `htnrw res w`s ` sumst`btaì jùsn oh Gr. D`jlsobs engasn. @s wn scìi

nxpiàb, ab our vanw suhhajanbt nvaenbjn supports tcn prosnjutaobs tcnorans oh jùs`taob< `be

sumst`btaì nvaenbjn supports ` habeabk oh `ppnii`bts jragabì bnkiaknbjn nvnb ubenr

`ppnii`bts snih-ègabastr`taob tcnory mnjùsn Gr. D`jlsobs jobeujt wouie c`vn mnnb

hornsnn`min.

0. @ppnii`bt Hàine to Vnrhorg Cas Inkì Euty `s ` Eojtor

Vrniagab`raiy, wn omsnrvn tc`t motc prosnjutaob tcnorans oh ia`maiaty jnbtnr ob tcn assun

oh jùs`taob. ]ninv`bt to tcnsn tcnorans as tcn assun oh euty, `be spnjahajìiy wcntcnr `ppnii`bt

mrn`jcne euty to Gr. D`jlsob mnjùsn cas jobeujt hnii mniow tcn ppropra tn st`be re. Ucn

rnjore easjiosns ovnrwcnigabk nvaenbjn tc`t `ppnii`bt mrn`jcne cas euty to Gr. D`jlsob ab

bugnrous snraous `be nkrnkaous w`ys, abjiueabk trn`tabk Gr. D`jlsob watc eruks bot ensakbne

to èernss sygptogs oh absogba`< ègabastnrabk Vropohoi outsaen ` cospatì snttabk

watcout propnr nquapgnbt `be pnrsobbni prnsnbt to gobator Gr. D`jlsobs jobeataob< hàiabk to mn prnp`rne hor `b

ngnrknbjy or jìi 1-0-0 aggnea`tniy< watccoieabk abhorg`taob hrog harst rnspobenrs `be

tcn cospatì pnrsobbni `be ab h aiabk to lnnp rnjores. Nvnb `ppnii`bts nxpnrt, Er. [catn

jobjnene tc`t `ppnii`bts jobeujt hnii mniow tcn st`be`re oh j`rn.

@itcoukc `ppnii`bt prnsnbtne sogn nvaenbjn `be `rkugnbts to tcn jobtr`ry, `t

gost tcosn g`ttnrs prnsnbtne jobhiajt ab tcn nvaenbjn. Zujc jobhiajts `rn rnsoivne my

tcn dury, bot tcas jourt. [n rnsoivn bnatcnr jrneamaiaty assuns bor nvaenbta`ry jobhiajts< wn

iool hor sumst`btaì nvaenbjn. (Vnopin v. Ojco`(011:) 8 Jì.5tc 0011, 0=68.)


27/68

=;

=. @ppnii`bt Jùsne Gr. D`jlsobs En`tc [cnb Cn @egabastnrneVropohoi ob Dubn =>

Ucn nvaenbjn prnsnbtne `t traì scowne tc`t Gr. D`jlsob eane `s ` rnsuit oh `jutn

Vropohoi abtoxaj`taob watc tcn jobtramutabk nhhnjt oh mnbzoea`znpabns. Ucn prosnjutor`rkune tc`t `ppnii`bt jùsne Gr. D`jlsobs en`tc my ègabastnrabk ` Vropohoi abhusaob to

Gr. D`jlsob ob Dubn =>. Ucn nvaenbjn prnsnbtne `t traì prnsnbtne snvnrì sjnb`raos hor

tcn ègabastr`taob oh Vropohoi tc`t e`y. Ucn prosnjutor tcnorazne tc t `ppnii`bt pi`jne

Gr. D`jlsob ob ` Vropohoi erap usabk ` 066 gaiiaiatnr mottin oh Vropohoi suspnbene absaen

` sìabn m`k `be tcnb inht Gr. D`jlsob ubgobatorne (tcn Abhusaob Ucnory). @ppnii`bt

ègattne to poiajn tc`t cn ègabastnrne => gaiiakr`gs oh Vropohoi (tcn => Gaiiakr`g

Ucnory). Ab our vanw, sumst`btaì nvaenbjn ab tcn rnjore supports `ppnii`bts jobvajtaob

ubenr natcnr tcnory.

`. Ucn Abhusaob Ucnory

Zumst`btaì nvaenbjn prnsnbtne `t traì supports tcn Abhusaob Ucnory oh jùs`taob.

Zpnjahajìiy, nvaenbjn hoube ab Gr. D`jlsobs mneroog engobstr`tne tcn usn oh tcas

abhusaob gntcoe. @iv`rnz tnstahane tc`t mnhorn jìiabk 1-0-0, `ppnii`bt abstrujtne cag to

rngovn obn oh tcn two sìabn m`ks c`bkabk hrog tcn AX st`be bnxt to Gr. D`jlsobs mne

`be put at absaen tcn miun m`k. @iv`rnz st`tne tc`t cn s`w ` mottin rnsngmiabk Vropohoi

mottin (Nxcamat :6) absaen oh tcn sìabn m`k (Nxcamat =1) watc tcn stoppnr oh tcn mottin

poabtabk tow`res tcn port oh tcn m`k, `be tc`t @iv`rnz s`w ` gaily wcatn rnsaeun absaen

tcn sìabn m`k jobsastnbt watc tcn `ppn`r`bjn oh Vropohoi. Jorobnrs abvnstak`tor Hin`l

ìso tnstahane tc`t hrog ` m`k ab Gr. D`jlsobs jiosnt scn rntranvne tcn sìabn siat m`k watc

` 066 gaiiaiatnr Vropohoi mottin absaen. @ppnii`bts habknrprabt w`s ìso hoube ob tcn

Vropohoi mottin.

@ppnii`bts jcìinbkn to tcn nvaenbjn prnsnbtne my tcnsn watbnssns as ub`vàiabk.

@ppnii`bt poabts out tc`t @iv`rnz eae bot aggnea`tniy rnport to ùtcoratans tc`t cn hoube

tcn Vropohoi mottin absaen tcn sìabn m`k `be tc`t Hin`l eae bot nxpiàb tc`t scn hoube tcn

mottin absaen tcn sìabn m`k ubtai tcn prniagab`ry cn`rabk. Cownvnr, tcnsn jarjugst`bjns

eo bot rnbenr tcnar tnstagoby pcysajìiy agpossamin, abcnrnbtiy agprom`min or otcnrwasn


28/68

=3

inkìiy absuhhajanbt. Abstnè tcnsn g`ttnrs `mout wcajc `ppnii`bt jogpi abs ob `ppnì

rni`tn to tcn jrneamaiaty oh tcnsn watbnssns. Ucn `ssnssgnbt oh tcn mnianv`maiaty oh

@iv`rnzs `be Hin`ls tnstagoby `be tcn wnakct to `ttramutn to tcnar nvaenbjn `rn tcn

nxjiusavn provabjn oh tcn dury. Cnrn tcn durors cn`re tcn `tt`jls ob @iv`rnzs `be Hin`lsjrneamaiaty, cè tcn opportubaty to omsnrvn tcn watbnssns ab pnrsob `be wnrn propnriy

abstrujtne ob cow to `ssnss watbnss jrneamaiaty. Jobhiajts `be nvnb tnstagoby wcajc as

sumdnjt to dustaha`min suspajaob eo bot dustahy tcn rnvnrsì oh ` duekgnbt. At as tcn provabjn

oh tcn traì duekn or dury to entnrgabn tcn jrneamaiaty oh ` watbnss `be tcn trutc or hìsaty oh

tcn h`jts upob wcajc ` entnrgab`taob enpnbes.

Ucn Abhusaob Ucnory w`s ìso supportne my tcn nvaenbjn oh tcn eruks `ppnii`bt

cè purjc`sne hrog tcn pc`rg`jy ab I`s Xnk`s ab tcn gobtcs `be wnnls praor to Gr.

D`jlsobs en`tc. At w`s jobsastnbt watc cow `ppnii`bt cè prnvaousiy egabastnrne tcn

eruk to cag tc`t `ppnii`bt w`s kavabk `ppnii`bt bakctiy abhusaobs oh Vropohoi hrog 066

gaiiaiatnr mottins, usabk siat s iabn m`ks `be vnbtne tumabk. @itcoukc tcas w`s `b

ubjobvnbtaobì `be ubst`min sntup hor `b abhusaob, nvnb `ppnii`bts nxpnrt watbnss

jobjnene tc`t at jouie worl `s ` gntcoe to abhusn tcn Vropohoi.03

Ucn Abhusaob Ucnory as hurtcnr jobsastnbt watc tcn `goubt oh Vropohoi,01

Ior`znp`g `be Iaeojàbn hoube ab Gr. D`jlsobs moey `t cas ùtopsy `be otcnr

03 Gornovnr, tc`t tcnrn w`s bo snjobe snt oh tumns hor tcn abhusaob hoube `t tcn sjnbn

as bot h`tì to tcn tcnory `s tcn prosnjutor prnsnbtne nvaenbjn tc`t tcn tumabk w`s sgìi`be jouie hat abto tcn pìg oh obns c`be `be jouie c`vn n`saiy mnnb rngovne `beeasposne oh my `ppnii`bt.

01 @ppnii`bt `rkuns tc`t tcn iow invnis oh Vropohoi ab Gr. D`jlsobs post-gortng

vatrnous hiuae (a.n., tcn hiuae mncabe cas nynmìi) ubenrgabns tcn Abhusaob Ucnory.

@ppnii`bt gàbtàbs tc`t tcn `goubt oh Vropohoi hoube ab Gr. D`jlsobs mràb wcajc cn`rkune j`b mn abhnrrne hrog tcn `goubt ab cas vatrnous hiuae w`s mniow tcn rasl oh`pbn` hor nvnb tcn gost snbsatavn p`tanbts provabk cn jouie bot c`vn eane hrogrnspar`tory `rrnst `s posatne ubenr tcn Abhusaob Ucnory. Abstnè, `ppnii`bt `ssnrts tc`ttcnsn invnis oh Vropohoi joupine watc en`tc provn Gr. D`jlsob eane quajliy hrog j`rea`j`rrnst, jobsastnbt watc cas tcnory oh snih-ègabastr`taob oh Vropohoi. @ppnii`bts`rkugnbt `mout tcn vatrnous hiuae as ubjobvabjabk. @s tcn @ttorbny Knbnr i poabts outtcnrn w`s bot nboukc vatrnous hiuae `vài`min to jobeujt ` huii `bìysas oh at, `be tcn hiuae


29/68

=1

toxajoioky rnsuits. @s Er. Z`hnr rni`tne tc`t at w`s possamin hor ppnii`bt to rngovn sogn

Vropohoi hrog tcn ki`ss vaì `be rnpi`jn at watc Iaeojàbn, wcajc wouie `jjoubt hor tcn invni

oh Vropohoi be Iaeojàbn ab Gr. D`jlsobs moey `t tcn tagn oh cas en`tc. Er. Zc`hnr hurtcnr

nxpiàbne tc`t `ppnii`bt jouie c`vn eane watc tcn abhusaob rubbabk. Cn poabtne out tc`tobjn Gr. D`jlsob stoppne mrn`tcabk, 06-0> gabutns i`tnr cas cn`rt stoppne. Ucn invni oh

Vropohoi ab cas miooe wouie mn cakc `t tcas poabt mnjùsn cas moey wouie c`vn stoppne

gnt`moiazabk tcn Vropohoi.

Hurtcnrgorn, tcn prosnjutaobs Abhusaob Ucnory as supportne my nvaenbjn oh

`ppnii`bts jobeujt ob Dubn =>. Ucn `goubt oh tagn `ppnii`bt spnbt c`beiabk g`ttnrs

ubrni`tne to cas j`rn oh Gr. D`jlsobtìlabk ob cas jniipcobn, snbeabk tnxts `be n-gàis

tc`t gorbabk ìso support tcas tcnory oh jùs`taob. Ucn Abhusaob Ucnory as jobsastnbt

watc `ppnii`bts st`tngnbt to poiajn. @ppnii`bt toie poiajn tc`t Gr. D`jlsob rnquarne cag

to jin`b up tcn roog aggnea`tniy `htnr trn`tgnbts `be eae bot w`bt tcabks iyabk `roube.

Kavnb tcas pr`jtajn, tc`t tcn 066 gaiiaiatnr mottin `be siat sìabn m`k wnrn prnsnbt ab tcn

roog ob Dubn => wcnb D`jlsob eane, agpians tc`t tcosn atngs cè mnnb usne tc`t e`y `be

bot ob sogn praor ojj`saob.

@ppnii`bts `jts iso scow ` jobsjaousbnss oh kuait. (Vnopin v. Coiiow`y(=665)

:: Jì.5tc 18, 05= \Ucn abhnrnbjn oh jobsjaousbnss oh kuait hrog waiihui hìsncooe or

h`mraj`taob or supprnssaob oh nvaenbjn as obn supportne my joggob snbsnW.) @ppnii`bt

eae bot gàbtàb propnr gneajì rnjores hor Gr. D`jlsob. @ppnii`bt gèn h isn `be

gasinèabk st`tngnbts to harst rnspobenrs `be gneajì provaenrs `t tcn ^JI@ cospatì.

Cn toie tcng tc`t Gr. D`jlsob cè obiy mnnb eowb hor `mout obn gabutn `be tc`t cn eae

bot easjiosn ìi oh tcn gneaj`taobs tc`t cn cè kavnb Gr. D`jlsob tc`t e`y `be cn

gasrnprnsnbtne wc`t cn cè omsnrvne. Cas nhhorts to jin`b-up tcn sjnbn ìso scow kuait.

w`s eaiutne hor tnstabk. Ab èeataob, tcnrn w`s bo nvaenbjn prnsnbtne eurabk tcn traì tc`ttcn `goubt oh Vropohoi hoube ab tcn vatrnous hiuae wouie jorrnspobe to tc`t hoube ab tcnmràb.


30/68

:6

@ppnii`bt ìso gèn ` bugmnr oh gasinèabk st`tngnbts to tcn poiajn eurabk cas abtnrvanw

ob Dubn =; `mout cas `jtaobs motc mnhorn `be `htnr Dubn =>.

Ab sug, suhhajanbt nvaenbjn tcn pcysajì nvaenbjn `be nxpnrt tnstagoby

supportne tcn prosnjutaobs Abhusaob Ucnory oh jùs`taob.m. Ucn => Gaiiakr`g Ucnory

Botwatcst`beabk tcn Abhusaob Ucnory, suhhajanbt nvaenbjn prnsnbtne `t tcn traì iso

wouie support `ppnii`bts jobvajtaob m`sne ob cas ègassaob oh ègabastnrabk =>

gaiiakr`gs oh Vropohoi ob Dubn => ab jobdubjtaob watc otcnr eruks. Harst, tcn

prosnjutaobs gneajì nxpnrts tnstahane tc`t Vropohoi scouie bot ubenr `by jarjugst bjns

c`vn mnnb ègabastnrne to Gr. D`jlsob to trn`t absogba`, `be scouie bot c`vn mnnb usne

ab ` cogn snttabk. Ucny tnstahane tc`t `ppnii`bt cè bobn oh tcn s`hnku`res or gneajì

nquapgnbt ab pi`jn to nbsurn `kàbst tcn rasl abcnrnbt ab tcn ègabastr`taob oh ` knbnrì

`bnstcntaj. Znjobe tcn ùtopsy nvaenbjn `be toxajoioky rnsuits scow tc`t `ppnii`bt

ègabastnrne otcnr sne`tavns tc`t gorbabk, nbk`kabk ab poiy pc`rg`jy. @ppnii`bt

ègattne to poiajn tc`t cn k`vn Gr. D`jlsob eosns oh Ea`znp`g, guitapin abdnjtaobs oh

Ior`znp`g `be Gae`zoi`g. @jjoreabk to tcn nvaenbjn prnsnbtne `t traì, bobn oh tcnsn

eruks scouie c`vn mnnb ègabastnrne to trn`t absogba`. Nxpnrts tnstahane tc`t nvnb =>

gaiiakr`gs oh Vropohoi ab jobdubjtaob watc tcn otcnr eruks kavnb put Gr. D`jlsob `t rasl

oh snraous abdury or en`tc. At w`s ensjramne tc`t `ppnii`bt jrn`tne ` pnrhnjt storg

rnsuitabk ab `ppnii`bts en tc. Ucus, nvnb m`sne ob tcn eruks `ppnii`bt egattne

ègabastnrabk to D`jlsob, ` dury jouie jobjiuen tc`t `ppnii`bts jobeujt w`s ` sumst`btaì

h`jtor ab Gr. D`jlsobs en`tc.

@ppnii`bt `ttngptne to joubtnr tcn prosnjutaobs nvaenbjn ob tcas poabt tcroukc

tcn tnstagoby oh Er. [catn wco ohhnrne cas vanw tc`t `ppnii`bts ègattne jobeujt

ègabastnrabk => gaiiakr`gs oh Vropohoi ovnr ` tcrnn to havn gabutn pnraoe `be tcnb

in`vabk tcn roog, wouie bot prnsnbt ` e`bknrous satu`taob. Ucn rnsoiutaob oh tcn jobhiajt

ab tcas nxpnrt tnstagoby, `s watc otcnr jobhiajts ab tcn tnstagoby, as joggattne to tcn

soube duekgnbt oh tcn dury. @ppnii`bt c`s prnsnbtne bo soube rkugnbtbo jobvabjabk


31/68

:0

`tt`jl ob tcn nvaenbjn prnsnbtne my tcn prosnjutor ob tcas assun tc`t wouie jùsn tcas

jourt to snjobe kunss tcn durys jobjiusaob.

:. @ppnii`bts Jobeujt Uc`t Hnii Mniow tcn Zt`be`re oh J`rn

Jùsne Gr. D`jlsobs En`tc

Ab èeataob to ègabastnrabk Vropohoi `be otcnr eruks, tcn prosnjutaob tcnorazne

tc`t `ppnii`bts mrn`jcns oh tcn st`be`re oh j`rn wnrn ` sumst`btaì h`jtor ab Gr. D`jlsobs

en`tc. Nvaenbjn prnsnbtne `t tra i scowne tc`t `ppnii`bts jobeujt oh usabk tcn v`raous

eruks outsaen oh ` cospatì snttabk watcout tcn propnr gobatorabk `be s`hnku`res, `be

nbk`kabk ab otcnr `jtavatans (tnxtabk, n-gàis, pcobn jìis) wcain `ttnbeabk to Gr. D`jlsob

jobtramutne to Gr. D`jlsobs en tc. Mnjùsn `ppnii`bt w`s eastr`jtne or cè inht tcn roog

cn hàine to rnìazn tc`t Gr. D`jlsob cè stoppne mrn tcabk. Er. Zc`hnr ìso tnstahane tc`t

`ppnii`bt nhhnjtavniy `m`beobne Gr. D`jlsob. Er. Zc`hnr tnstahane tc t D`jlsobs en`tc

w`s `b nxpnjtne jobsnqunbjn oh bot mnabk gobatornetc`t as, at w`s ` sumst`btaì h`jtor

ab cas en`tc.

@itcoukc `ppnii`bt ohhnrne tcn opabaobs oh Er. [catn `be Er. [ìeg`b ab `b

nhhort to joubtnr tcn prosnjutaobs nvaenbjn ob tcnsn poabts, tcn dury rnsoivne `by jobhiajt

`gobk tcn nxpnrts vanws ab h`vor oh ` vnreajt oh kuait. @ppnii`bt c`s bot gèn by

jobvabjabk `rkugnbt to tcas jourt to ubenrgabn tcn durys entnrgab`taob.

5. Nvaenbjn Vrnsnbtne t Uraì Eons Bot Zupport @ppnii`bts

Znih-@egabastr`taob Ucnory, be Nvnb @ssugabk at Eae,

Gr. D`jlsobs Jobeujt [ouie Bot Jobstatutn @b Abenpnbenbt

Abtnrvnbabk Jùsn

@t traì `ppnii`bt ohhnrne `b ìtnrb`tavn tcnory oh jùs`taob, b`gniy, tc`t Gr. D`jlsob

jùsne cas owb en`tc my snih-ègabastnrabk tcn intcì eosn oh Vropohoi `be tc`t botcabk

`ppnii`bt eae natcnr mnhorn or `htnrw`res w`s ` sumst`btaì jùsn oh Gr. D`jlsobs en`tc (tcn

Znih-@egabastr`taob Ucnory).

@ppnii`bts Znih-@egabastr`taob Ucnory as bot supportne my tcn nvaenbjn

prnsnbtne `t traì. Ab our vanw at as m`sne ìgost nbtarniy ob jobdnjturn `be spnjui`taob

tc`t eons bot ubenrgabn tcn durys vnreajt.


32/68

:=

Ab ensjramabk cas vanw tc`t Gr. D`jlsob abdnjtne cagsnih watc tcn intcì eosn oh

Vropohoi, `ppnii`bts nxpnrt Er. [catn tcnorazne tc`t `ppnii`bt ernw up ` syrabkn oh Vropohoi

`be Iaeojàbn `be tcnb inht Gr. D`jlsob `be tcn syrabkn oh Vropohoi ab tcn roog ub`ttnbene

hor sogn pnraoe oh tagn.

=6

Er. [catn sukknstne tc`t Gr. D`jlsob abdnjtne cagsnih wcnb`ppnii`bt w`s ob ` tninpcobn jìi. Er. [catn `ssugne tc`t tcn hoiiowabk snrans oh nvnbts

ojjurrne4 Gr. D`jlsob kot out oh mne, wcnnine tcn AX st`be, wcain coieabk tcn urabn m`k, kot

tcn syrabkn oh Vropohoi sognwcnrn ab tcn roog, rnturbne to mne `be tcnb snih-ègabastnrne

tcn h`tì eosn oh => gaiiakr`gs oh Vropohoi `t tcn Q-jobbnjtor. Er. [catn opabne tc`t Gr.

D`jlsob wouie c`vn eane abst`btiy upob snih-abdnjtaob.

Kavnb Gr. D`jlsobs knbnrì jobeataob, `be invni oh sne`taob, `be tcn h`jt tc`t at

eae bot `ppn`r nvnb my `ppnii`bts `jjoubt tc`t Gr. D`jlsob cè govne hrog tcn mne, tcas

vnrsaob oh nvnbts stràbs jrneuiaty.

Ab `by nvnbt, nvnb ah Gr. D`jlsob snih-ègabastnrne `s `ppnii`bt jiàgne, Gr.

D`jlsobs jobeujt wouie c`vn mnnb hornsnn`min `be wouie bot c`vn mnnb `b nxobnr`tabk,

supnrsneabk jùsn. @itcoukc `ppnii`bt st`tne tc`t cn wouie bot ìiow Gr. D`jlsob to

snih-abdnjt watc Vropohoi, cn w`s `w`rn tc`t Gr. D`jlsob ialne to abdnjt cagsnih `be cè

mnnb ìiowne to pusc Vropohoi mnhorn. @ppnii`bt lbnw tc`t Gr. D`jlsob w`s enspnr`tn

hor sinnp tc`t gorbabk `be tc`t Gr. D`jlsob hnit tc`t Vropohoi w`s tcn obiy nhhnjtavn eruk

to abeujn sinnp. @ppnii`bt ègattne cn inht tcn roog hor ` hnw gabutns, kavabk Gr.

D`jlsob `jjnss to ìi oh tcnsn gneaj`taobs. Ab vanw oh tcnsn h`jts, `ppnii`bt scouie c`vn

hornsnnb tcn possamaiaty oh c rg oh tcn labe tc`t jouie rnsuit hrog cas `jt. Ucus, nvnb

ubenr tcn Znih-@egabastr`taob Ucnory oh jùs`taob, tcn dury jouie habe `ppnii`bt

jragabìiy ia`min hor Gr. D`jlsobs en`tc.

=6 Mnhorn tcas jourt, `ppnii`bt sukknsts tc`t pnrc`ps Gr. D`jlsob cè ` snjobe`ry

sourjn, otcnr tc`b `ppnii`bt, hor tcn Vropohoi. Ucas sukknstaob as spnjui`taob `be habes bosupport ab tcn rnjore.


33/68

::

AA. @ppnii`bt C`s Hàine to Engobstr`tn ]nvnrsamin Nrror [atc ]nspnjt Uo

Nxcamat :6 Ucn 066 Gaiiaiatnr Vropohoi Mottin

Mnhorn tcas jourt, `ppnii`bt `ssnrts snvnrì nrrors watc rnspnjt to Nxcamat :6tcn

066 gaiiaiatnr Vropohoi mottin tc`t @iv`rnz tnstahane w`s absaen tcn sìabn siat m`k (Nxcamat=1) tc`t `ppnii`bt `sl @iv`rnz to rngovn hrog tcn AX st`be bnxt to Gr. D`jlsobs mne

wcain `ppnii`bt w`s `ttngptabk to rnsusjat tn Gr. D`jlsob ob Dubn =>. Harst, `ppnii`bt

jiàgs tc`t tcn traì jourt nrrne ab hàiabk to kr`bt cas post-traì gotaob to tnst tcn rnsaeun

absaen oh Nxcamat :6. Znjobe cn jiàgs tc`t cas joubsni w`s abnhhnjtavn hor hàiabk to snnl

tnstabk oh tcn 066 gaiiaiatnr mottin eurabk tcn traì, `be ab hàiabk to tcoroukciy qunstaob

Er. Zc`hnr `mout tcn `spnjt oh tcn Abhusaob Ucnory wcajc `ssugne tc`t Iaeojàbn jouie

mn èene to tcn 066 gaiiaiatnr mottin. [n èernss tcnsn jobtnbtaobs ab turb.

@. H`jtuì M`jlkroube

Ucn ùtopsy `be toxajoioky nvaenbjn scowne cakc invnis oh Iaeojàbn ab Gr.

D`jlsobs moey `t tcn tagn oh cas en`tc. Eurabk tcn traì, `ppnii`bts nxpnrt Er. [catn

tnstahane tc`t tcn prosnjutaobs Abhusaob Ucnory w`s abjogp`tamin watc tcn `goubt oh

Iaeojàbn hoube ab Gr. D`jlsobs moey eurabk tcn ùtopsy. Ab tnstahyabk ob tcas poabt Er.

[catn botne tc`t Iaeojàbn, ` iojì `bnstcntaj, as usne ab jobdubjtaob watc Vropohoi

mnjùsn at rnianvns tcn murbabk snbs`taob jùsne my tcn abataì abdnjtaob oh Vropohoi. Cn

tnstahane tc`t Iaeojàbn g`y mn ègabastnrne natcnr watc Vropohoi or my atsnih dust mnhorn

tcn Vropohoi. Ab jrataquabk tcn prosnjutaobs Abhusaob Ucnory, Er. [catn tnstahane tc`t Er.

Zc`hnrs goeni rniane upob gaxabk Iaeojàbn `be Vropohoi tokntcnr `be tc`t obn possamin

w`y to eo tc`t w`s to èe Iaeojàbn to tcn Vropohoi mottin.=0 Er. [catn rndnjtne tcas

gntcoe mnjùsn cn eae bot mnianvn tcn Vropohoi mottin jouie coie gorn tc`b 066

gaiiaiatnrs oh Vropohoi, so bo èeataobì Iaeojàbn jouie mn èene.

=0 Cn hurtcnr tnstahane tc`t ` snjobe gntcoe to ègabastnrne Iaeojàbn wouie mn toer`w up ` obn-to-obn gaxturn oh Iaeojàbn `be abdnjt at mnhorn tcn Vropohoi abhusaobmnk`b. Er. [catn rndnjtne tcn snjobe gntcoe mnjùsn ah tcn Iaeojàbn wnrn abdnjtne abtcas g`bbnr `t 1466 `.g., `s `ssugne my tcn Abhusaob Ucnory, tcnrn wouie mn boIaeojàbn rngàbabk ab D`jlsobs moey `t tcn tagn oh cas en`tc `t `mout boob.


34/68

:5

Eurabk rnmuttì, wcnb cn w`s qunstaobne `mout tcn gntcoe oh gaxabk Vropohoi

watc Iaeojàbn to `jcanvn tcn cakc invnis oh tcn eruk hoube ab Gr. D`jlsobs moey `t tcn

tagn oh cas en`tc, Er. Zc`hnr rnhnrrne to tcn rnport cn cè prnp`rne hor tcn j`sn wcajc w`s

provaene to tcn enhnbsn, `be wcajc Er. [catn cè jrataqune. Er. Zc`hnr nxpiàbne tc`t casrnport eae ab h`jt sukknst tc`t gaxabk Vropohoi watc Iaeojàbn ab sogn r`tao, natcnr 06 to

0 or obn-to-obn, jouie mn eobn. Cn hurtcnr tnstahane tc`t tcn sagui`taobs cn jobeujtne `be

ensjramne ab tcn rnport abvoivne Iaeojàbn `be Vropohoi mnabk ègabastnrne jobjurrnbtiy

`be tc`t at w`s vnry sagpin to sagpiy rngovn sogn Vropohoi hrog tcn ki`ss vaì `be

rnpi`jn at watc Iaeojàbn. @ppnii`bts joubsni eae bot sl Er. Zc`hnr `by hoiiow-up

qunstaobs `mout tcn projnss oh, or possamin gnjc`basg to rngovn tcn Vropohoi hrog tcn

mottin `be rnpi`jn at watc Iaeojàbn. Ab èeataob, joubsni eae bot sl Er. Zc`hnr wcntcnr

Nxcamat :6 cè mnnb tnstne hor tr`jn `goubts oh Iaeojàbn.

Uwo wnnls `htnr tcn dury hoube `ppnii`bt kuaity, `ppnii`bt haine ` two-p`kn gotaob

snnlabk `b orenr to tnst tcn jcngajì jogposataob oh tcn rnsaeun ab Nxcamat :6. @ppnii`bt

`rkune tc`t tcn jcngajì jogposataob ab Nxcamat :6 cè mnjogn rninv`bt to natcnr jobharg

or rnhutn tcn `jjur`jy oh Zc`hnrs Abhusaob Ucnory, `be tc`t ah bo `goubt oh Iaeojàbn

w`s hoube ab Nxcamat :6 tcnb at wouie rnhutn tcn prosnjutaobs Abhusaob Ucnory.

@ppnii`bts gotaob eae bot jatn `by supportabk inkì ùtcoraty bor eae at ohhnr to nxpiàb

wcy tcn gotaob to snnl tnstabk cè bot mnnb mroukct mnhorn tcn traì nbene.

@t tcn cn`rabk ob tcn gotaob, `ppnii`bts joubsni `rkune tc`t tnstabk oh Nxcamat :6

w`s bnjnss`ry to entnrgabn tcn `jjur`jy oh tcn prosnjutaobs Abhusaob Ucnory, `be tc`t

tcn cypotcnsas tc`t Iaeojàbn jouie mn abdnjtne abto tcn 066 gaiiaiatnr mottin `htnr

rngovabk sogn `goubt oh Vropohoi w`s ` bnw tcnory tc`t w`s mroukct up hor tcn harst

tagn eurabk Er. Zc`hnrs rnmuttì. Joubsni `rkune tc`t Nxcamat :6 cè ìw`ys mnnb

ensjramne ab tcn j`sn `s `b ngpty mottin, `be joubsni cè bot botajne tc`t at jobtàbne `by

rnsaeun.

[cnb tcn jourt `slne `ppnii`bts joubsni wcy cn cè bot gèn tcn rnqunst eurabk

tcn traì, joubsni rnspobene tc`t cn eaebt tcabl oh at `be cèbt pàe too gujc

`ttnbtaob to at. Joubsni sàe tc`t cn cè bot `btajap`tne tc`t tcn prosnjutaob abtnbene to


35/68

:>

jobtnbe tc`t `ppnii`bt cè rnpi`jne Vropohoi ab tcn 066 gaiiaiatnr mottin watc Iaeojàbn

`be cn `rkune tc`t tcn prosnjutaob scouie c`vn tnstne tcn jobtnbts oh tcn mottin.

@ppnii`bt jobtnbene tc`t cn w`s nbtatine to tnstabk mnjùsn Er. Zc`hnrs nxpi`b`taob w`s

` bnw tcnory prnsnbtne hor tcn harst tagn eurabk rnmuttì. Ucn jourt rnspobene tc`t tcnenhnbsn cè tcn abhorg`taob tc`t tcn mottin jobtàbne rnsaeun eurabk tcn traì `be ynt eae

bot snnl `b orenr hor tnstabk. @ppnii`bts joubsni st`tne tc t cn eae bot tcabl tcn jourt

wouie c`vn kr`btne tcn gotaob cè tcn enhnbsn soukct tcn tnstabk, to wcajc tcn jourt

rnspobene tc`t at cè bot mnnb `slne. @ppnii`bts joubsni ìso st`tne tc`t ` e`y or two

`htnr Zc`hnr tnstahane ob rnmuttì (`be mnhorn tcn traì cè nbene), Er. [catn abhorgne

joubsni tc`t cn tcoukct tcn mottin jobtàbne rnsaeun `be tc`t at scouie mn tnstne. Joubsni

ìso jobjnene tc`t cn cè bot ubenrstooe tcn assun `t tcn tagn Er. [catn gèn tc`t

sukknstaob.

Ucn prosnjutor rnspobene tc`t wcntcnr or bot tcn Nxcamat :6 jobtàbne Iaeojàbn

w`s arrninv`bt, poabtabk out tc`t otcnr tc`b `ppnii`bt bo obn lbows nx`jtiy wc`t

c`ppnbne ab tc`t roog tc`t bakct. At jouie mn tc`t Er. Gurr`y usne tcn Q-port `be tcn

syrabkn `be abdnjtne ` krn`t enì oh Iaeojàbn ab `b nhhort to rnsusjat`tn Gr. D`jlsob `htnr

cn hoube cag enè.

Ucn jourt enbane tcn gotaob, habeabk tc`t tcnrn w`s bo dustahaj`taob hor tcas typn

oh nxtròreab`ry gotaob. Ucn jourt spnjahajìiy omsnrvne tc`t Vnopins :6 cè mnnb `be

c`s mnnb jc`r`jtnrazne `s `b nxcamat jobtàbabk ` jin`r pi`staj m`k jobtàbabk obn 066

gaiiaiatnr Vropohoi mottin watc sgìi `goubt oh iaquae. Ucn jourt st`tne tc`t Nxcamat :6

cè mnnb `vài`min sabjn tcn abjnptaob oh tcn j`sn `be omsnrvne tc`t tcn enhnbsn ab h`jt

cè soukct tnstabk oh otcnr nvaenbjn ab tcn j`sn.

M. Ucn Vost-Xnreajt Gotaob to Unst Nxcamat :6

@ppnii`bt `rkuns tc`t tcn traì jourt `musne ats easjrntaob wcnb at enbane tcn

gotaob to tnst Nxcamat :6 mnjùsn tcn jcngajì jogposataob oh tcn rnsaeun eae bot mnjogn

rninv`bt ubtai tcn rnmuttì pc`sn oh tcn j`sn `be tcn rnsuits oh tcn tnstabk wouie potnbtaìiy

jobstatutn bnwiy easjovnrne nxjuip`tory nvaenbjn. @ppnii`bt hurtcnr ssnrts tc`t tcn

jourts orenr vaoi`tne cas jobstatutaobì rakct to eun projnss `be ` hàr traì mnjùsn at


36/68

:8

enbane cag `jjnss to nvaenbjn wcajc wouie c`vn supportne ` bnw traì gotaob m`sne ob

bnwiy easjovnrne nvaenbjn. @s wn scìi nxpiàb, `ppnii`bt c`s bot nst`miascne nrror

ubenr st`tn or hnenrì i`w.

Eun projnss rnquarns tc`t ` enhnbe`bt ab ` jragabì j`sn c`vn tcn opportubaty tonx`gabn `be ab `ppropra`tn j`sns c`vn tnsts pnrhorgne ob nvaenbjn to mn ohhnrne `kàbst

tcng. (Vnopin v. M`jlus(01;1) =: Jì.:e :86, :35.) Abenne ubenr motc st`tn `be hnenrì

i`w tcn prosnjutaob c`s ` euty to easjiosn g`tnraì nvaenbjn h`vor`min to tcn `jjusne,

nvnb ah tcn enhnbsn gèn bo rnqunst jobjnrbabk tcn nvaenbjn. (Vnb. Joen, 06>5, nt

snq.) 5;: ^.Z. 88;, 8;8.) Ucnrn as, cownvnr, bo agpropnr

supprnssaob oh nvaenbjn, wcnrn tcn `ppnii`bt cè `jjnss to tcn nvaenbjn or at w`s

`vài`min eurabk traì `be tcn obiy rn`sob hor bot prnsnbtabk at w`s cas i`jl oh eaiaknbjn.

(Vnopin v. Gorrasob (=665) :5 Jì.5tc813, ;0>< Vnopin v. EnVranst(=663) 5= Jì.5tc 0,

:3-:1 \jourt eae bot nrr ab hàiabk to kr`bt ` jobtabu`bjn to jobeujt `b èeataobì

abvnstak`taob oh nvaenbjn wcnrn `ppnii`bt cè `b opportubaty to abvnstak`tn `be enhnbe

`kàbst tcn nvaenbjn eurabk tcn traìW.)

^benr tcn jarjugst`bjns prnsnbtne cnrn, wn jobjiuen tcn jourt eae bot nrr ab

enbyabk `ppnii`bts gotaob. @ppnii`bt c`s bo inkì utcoraty to support cas `rkugnbt tc`t

tcn jourt w`s omiakne to kr`bt cas post-traì rnqunst hor tcn tnstabk oh Nxcamat :6, bor c`s

our rnsn`rjc hoube by. @itcoukc `ppnii`bt eons bot `rkun Mrèy nrror pnr sn,

`ppnii`bt rnians ob tcn knbnrì prabjapins abMrèy rnk`reabk tcn prosnjutors easjiosurn

omiak`taobs to support cas `rkugnbt tc`t cn scouie c`vn mnnb ìiowne to tnst Nxcamat :6 to

== Uo gnrat rnianh obMrèykroubes, tcn nvaenbjn ` prosnjutor hàine to easjiosn

gust c`vn mnnb motc h`vor`min to tcn enhnbe`bt `be g`tnraì ob natcnr kuait orpubascgnbt. Nvaenbjn wouie c`vn mnnb h`vor`min ah at wouie c`vn cnipne tcn enhnbe`btor curt tcn prosnjutaob, `s my agpn`jcabk obn oh ats watbnssns. Nvaenbjn wouie c`vnmnnb g`tnraì obiy ah tcnrn as ` rn`sob`min prom`maiaty tc`t, cè at mnnb easjiosne to tcnenhnbsn, tcn rnsuit wouie c`vn mnnb eahhnrnbt. (Vnopin v. Eajlny(=66>) :> Jì.5tc 335,16;.)


37/68

:;

jcìinbkn tcn prosnjutors bnw tcnory `be tc`t tcn rnsuits oh tcn tnstabk wouie potnbtaìiy

jobstatutn bnwiy easjovnrne nxjuip`tory nvaenbjn to support ` bnw traì gotaob.

Ucnrn `rn ` bugmnr oh promings watc `ppnii`bts `rkugnbts. Harst, tcnrn as bo

inkì rnquarngnbt ubenrMrèy or ubenr Jìahorba` i`w tc`t tcn prosnjutaob gust easjiosnats tcnoransto tcn enhnbsn. Ab `by nvnbt, tcn rnjore eons bot support ppnii`bts `rkugnbt

tc`t tcn prosnjutaob prnsnbtne ` bnw tcnory eurabk tcn rnmuttì tc`t Iaeojàbn w`s

èene to Nxcamat :6. Er. Zc`hnrs orakabì rnport prnsnbtne tcn aen` tc`t Iaeojàbn jouie

mn gaxne watc tcn Vropohoi wcajc wouie c`vn dustahane ` rnqunst to tnst Nxcamat :6.

Hurtcnrgorn, at w`s `ppnii`bts owb nxpnrt, Er. [catn, wco sukknstne tcn aen` oh pi`jabk

Iaeojàbn ab tcn Vropohoi mottin. @jjoreabkiy `ppnii`bt j`bbot jiàg tc`t cn w`s

surprasne my ` bnw tcnory. Znjobe, ` bugmnr oh watbnssns tnstahane tc`t Nxcamat :6

`ppn`rne to jobtàb rnsaeun, `be tcus tcas as bot bnwiy easjovnrne nvaenbjn.=:

Uo mn surn, ìtcoukc tcn prosnjutaob g`y bot watccoie h`vor`min `be g`tnraì

nvaenbjn hrog tcn enhnbsn, bnatcnr eons at c`vn tcn euty to jobeujt tcn enhnbe`bts

abvnstak`taob hor cag. (Vnopin v. Gorrasob, supr`,:5 Jì.5tc t p. ;0>.) Ah tcn g`tnra i

nvaenbjn as ab ` enhnbe`bts possnssaob or as `vài`min to ` enhnbe`bt tcroukc tcn nxnrjasn

oh eun eaiaknbjn, tcnb, `t in`st `s h`r `s nvaenbjn as jobjnrbne, tcn enhnbe`bt c`s ìi tc`t as

bnjnss`ry to nbsurn ` hàr traì, nvnb ah tcn prosnjutaob as bot tcn sourjn oh tcn nvaenbjn.

(Jon v. Mnii(8tc Jar.0113) 080 H.:e :=6, :55< ^batne Zt`tns v. V`beozza(0st Jar.0131)

=: Ab tcas rnspnjt at wouie bot c`vn supportne ` bnw traì gotaob m`sne ob bnwiy

easjovnrne nvaenbjn nvnb cè tcn jourt ìiowne tcn tnstabk. ^benr Vnbì Joen snjtaob0030, ` traì jourt j`b kr`bt ` bnw traì \wWcnb bnw nvaenbjn as easjovnrne g`tnraì totcn enhnbe`bt, `be wcajc cn jouie bot, watc rn`sob`min eaiaknbjn, c`vn easjovnrne `be

proeujne `t tcn traì. (Vnb. Joen 0030, sume. (3).) Ab ruiabk ob ` gotaob hor bnw traìm`sne ob bnwiy easjovnrne nvaenbjn, tcn traì jourt jobsaenrs tcn hoiiowabk h`jtors40. Uc`t tcn nvaenbjn, `be bot gnrniy ats g`tnraìaty, mn bnwiy easjovnrne< =. Uc`t tcnnvaenbjn mn bot jugui`tavn gnrniy< :. Uc`t at mn sujc `s to rnbenr ` eahhnrnbt rnsuitprom`min ob ` rntraì oh tcn jùsn< 5. Uc`t tcn p`rty jouie bot watc rn`sob`min eaiaknbjnc`vn easjovnrne `be proeujne at `t tcn traì< `be >. Uc`t tcnsn h`jts mn scowb my tcn mnstnvaenbjn oh

conrad murray appeal denied

Documents