connective tissue
DESCRIPTION
Connective Tissue. Maarefa College. Objectives. What is connective tissue Types of connective tissues Functions of connective tissues Relation of structure and function. Tissues . Four fundamental tissues are recognized: Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscular tissue - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Connective Tissue
Maarefa College
![Page 2: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objectives• What is connective tissue• Types of connective tissues• Functions of connective tissues– Relation of structure and function
![Page 3: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Tissues • Four fundamental tissues are recognized:– Epithelial tissue– Connective tissue– Muscular tissue– Nervous tissue
![Page 4: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Connective Tissue• Consists of two basic
elements:– Cells, and– Extra-cellular matrix (abundant)
(dominant part)• Fibers, and• Ground substance
– liquid, gel, or solid
• Function– Bind and/or support other tissue
![Page 5: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Connective Tissue• Consists of two basic
elements:– Cells, and– Extra-cellular matrix (abundant)
(dominant part)• Fibers, and• Ground substance
– liquid, gel, or solid
• Function– Bind and/or support other tissue
![Page 6: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Connective Tissue Cells• Fibroblasts:– Secrete both fibers and ground substance of the
matrix (wandering)• Macrophages:– Phagocytes that develop from Monocytes
(wandering or fixed)• Plasma Cells:– Antibody secreting cells that develop from B-
Lymphocytes (wandering)
![Page 7: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Connective Tissue Cells• Mast Cells– Produce histamine that help dilate small blood
vessels in reaction to injury (wandering)• Adipocytes:– Fat cells that store triglycerides, support,
protect and insulate (fixed)
![Page 8: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Connective Tissue Cells
![Page 9: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Matrix Fibers• Collagen Fibers• Elastic Fibers• Reticular Fibers
![Page 10: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Matrix Fibers• Collagen Fibers:– Large fibers made of the protein collagen– The most abundant fibers– Promote tissue flexibility
![Page 11: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Matrix Fibers• Elastic Fibers:– Intermediate fibers made of the protein Elastin– Branching fibers that allow for stretch and recoil
Polarizing microscopypicrosirius-stained collagen,elastic fibers are stained by orcein
![Page 12: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Matrix Fibers• Reticular Fibers:– Small delicate, branched fibers– Have same chemical composition of Collagen– Forms structural framework for organs such as
spleen and lymph nodes.
![Page 13: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Matrix Fibers
Collagen
Elastin
![Page 14: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Elastic and Collagen Fibers
![Page 15: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Fibroblasts• Active fibroblasts have extensions
Extensions of fibroblasts (arrow-heads) are seen with the cell or alone, depending on section plane
![Page 16: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Fibroblasts• Active fibroblasts have extensions
Electron micrograph of fibrocyte with cytoplasmic extensions interdigitating among collagen fibers, X 26,000
![Page 17: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Matrix Ground Substance • Hyaluronic Acid:– Complex combination of polysaccharides and
proteins found in “true” or proper connective tissue
• Chondriotin sulfate:– Jellylike ground substance of cartilage, bone, skin
and blood vessels• Other ground Substances:– Dermatin sulfate, keratin sulfate, and
adhesion proteins
![Page 18: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Types of Connective Tissue1. True (Proper) Connective Tissue– Loose Connective Tissue– Dense Connective Tissue
2. Supportive Connective Tissue– Cartilage– Bone
3. Liquid Connective Tissue– Blood
![Page 19: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
True or Proper Connective Tissue• Loose Connective Tissue:– Areolar tissue• Widely distributed under epithelia
– Adipose tissue• Hypodermis, within abdomen, breasts
– Reticular connective tissue• Lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes
![Page 20: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Loose Connective Tissue• Areolar CT– consists of all 3 types of fibers, several types of
cells, and semi-fluid ground substance– found in subcutaneous layer and mucous
membranes, and around blood vessels, nerves and organs
– function = strength, support and elasticity
![Page 21: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Loose Connective Tissue• Areolar CT
![Page 22: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Loose Connective Tissue:• Adipose tissue– consists of adipocytes; "signet ring" appearing fat
cells. They store energy in the form of triglycerides (lipids)
– found in subcutaneous layer, around organs and in the yellow marrow of long bones
– function = supports, protects and insulates, and serves as an energy reserve
![Page 23: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Loose Connective Tissue:• Adipose tissue
![Page 24: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Loose Connective Tissue• Adipose tissue
![Page 25: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Loose Connective Tissue• Reticular CT– Consists of fine interlacing reticular fibers and
reticular cells– Found in liver, spleen and lymph nodes– Function = forms the framework (stroma) of
organs and binds together smooth muscle tissue cells
![Page 26: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Loose Connective Tissue• Reticular CT
![Page 27: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Loose Connective Tissue• Reticular CT
![Page 28: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Loose Connective Tissue• Reticular CT
![Page 29: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Loose Connective Tissue• Reticular CT
![Page 30: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
True (Proper) Connective Tissue• Contains more numerous and thicker fibers
and far fewer cells than loose CT
• Dense Connective Tissue:– Dense regular connective tissue• Tendons and ligaments
– Dense irregular connective tissue• Dermis of skin, submucosa of digestive tract
![Page 31: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
True (Proper) Connective Tissue• Dense regular Connective Tissue– consists of bundles of collagen fibers and
fibroblasts– forms tendons, ligaments and aponeuroses– Function = provide strong attachment between
various structures
![Page 32: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
True (Proper) Connective Tissue• Dense regular Connective Tissue
![Page 33: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
True (Proper) Connective Tissue• Dense regular Connective Tissue
![Page 34: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
True (Proper) Connective Tissue• Dense regular Connective Tissue (Tendon)
![Page 35: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
True (Proper) Connective Tissue• Dense Irregular CT– Consists of randomly-arranged collagen fibers and
a few fibroblasts– Found in fasciae, dermis of skin, joint capsules,
and heart valves– Function = provides strength
![Page 36: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
True (Proper) Connective Tissue• Dense Irregular CT
![Page 37: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue:• Cartilage:– Jelly-like matrix (chondroitin sulfate) containing
collagen and elastic fibers and chondrocytes surrounded by a membrane called the perichondrium
– Unlike other CT, cartilage has NO blood vessels or nerves except in the perichondrium
– Collagen fibers provide strength– chondroitin sulfate provides resilience– Chondrocytes occur within spaces in the matrix called
lacunae.
![Page 38: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Cartilage:–Hyaline cartilage– Fibro-cartilage– Elastic cartilage
![Page 39: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Hyaline Cartilage (most abundant type)– Fine collagen fibers embedded in a gel-type matrix– Occasional chondrocytes inside lacunae.– Found in:• embryonic skeleton,• at the ends of long bones (joints),• in the nose and in respiratory structures
– Function= flexible, provides support, allows movement at joints
![Page 40: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Hyaline Cartilage (most abundant type)
![Page 41: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Hyaline Cartilage (most abundant type)
![Page 42: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Hyaline Cartilage (most abundant type)
Perichondrium PerichondriumHayaline Cartilage
![Page 43: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Hyaline Cartilage (most abundant type)– Covers articular surfaces
![Page 44: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Fibrocartilage– contains bundles of collagen in the matrix that are
usually more visible under microscopy– Found in:• Intervertebral discs,• Menisci of the knee,• Pubic Symphysis,• Tendon insertion on apophyseal hyaline cartilage
– Function:• Support and fusion, shock absorption
![Page 45: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Fibrocartilage
![Page 46: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Fibrocartilage
![Page 47: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Fibrocartilage
![Page 48: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Fibrocartilage
Picrosirius-Hematoxilin stain of fibrocartilage, with abundant collagen fibers
![Page 49: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Elastic Cartilage– Threadlike network of elastic fibers within the
matrix– Found in:• external ear,• auditory tubes,• epiglottis
– function = gives support, maintains shape, allows flexibility
![Page 50: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Elastic Cartilage
![Page 51: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Elastic Cartilage
![Page 52: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Elastic Cartilage
Resorcin stain selectively staining the elastic fibers of elastic cartilage tissueCells are not stained
![Page 53: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Bone– The hardest CT– Osteocytes in small cavities- lacunae– Impregnated w/ calcium salts– Types:
• Spongy (cancellous)– Loose rods of bones– Found inside body of long bones, and ends of arms and
legs• Compact (cortical)
– Tightly organized– Found inshafts of long bones
![Page 54: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Bone Types:– Spongy (cancellous)• Loose rods of bones• Found inside body of
bones, and ends of arms and legs
– Compact (cortical)• Tightly organized• Found in shafts of
long bones
![Page 55: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Bone
![Page 56: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Bone
![Page 57: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Bone
Section of a Haversian system (Osteone)
![Page 58: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Bone cells– Osteoclasts: resorb (eat) bone
![Page 59: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Bone cells– Osteoclasts:• resorb (eat) bone
– Osteoblasts:• build bone
– Osteocytes:• osteoblasts surrounded by matrix they formed
![Page 60: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Supportive Connective Tissue• Bone cells– Osteoclasts: resorb (eat) bone– Osteoblasts: build bone– Osteocytes: mature osteoblasts surrounded by
matrix that it formed
![Page 61: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Liquid Connective Tissue• Blood
![Page 62: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Liquid Connective Tissue• Lymph
![Page 63: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Summary• What is connective tissue• Structure: Consists of two basic elements:– Cells, and– Extra-cellular matrix (abundant) (dominant part)• Fibers, and• Ground substance (liquid, gel, or solid)
• Function– Binds and/or supports other tissue
![Page 64: Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051421/56816731550346895ddbdb65/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Summary
1. True (Proper) Connective Tissue– Loose CT (aereolar, adipose, reticular)– Dense CT (regular, irregular)
2. Supportive Connective Tissue– Cartilage– Bone
3. Liquid Connective Tissue– Blood– Lymph
Types of Connective Tissue: