Connective Tissue

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• General characteristics:

•_____________________________________________

• Have many functions: • Bind structures• Provide support and protection• Serve as frameworks• Fill spaces• Store fat• Produce blood cells• Protect against infections• Help repair tissue damage

• •___________________________________________________

Extracellular Matrix

•There is an abundance of extracellular matrix (ECM) between the cells.*The ECM is a complex and changing mix of molecules that modifies the tissue to suit different organs and conditions. *Composed of many _____________________ and ground substance .*Serves as scaffolding to organize cells into tissues, and relays Biochemical signals that control cellular activities.

________________________________________ - consists of a variety of proteins, other molecules and fluid. Varies in consistency from fluid to semisolid to solid.*Binds, supports, and provides a medium through which substances

3 Major Cell Types

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• __________________________• Fixed cell• Most common cell in C.T. • Produce fibers by secreting

protein into extracellular matrix

• ___________________________• Wandering cell• Phagocytic • Important in injury or infection

– acts as a scavenger to clear foreign particles

• _____________________________• Fixed cell• Release heparin - anticoagulant• Release histamine – causes the itching and swelling

associated with inflammation and allergies

3 Fiber Types Present

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• _________________________• Thick• Composed of collagen• Great tensile strength • Abundant in dense CT• Hold structures together• Tendons, ligaments

• ____________________________• Bundles of microfibrils

embedded in elastin• Fibers branch• Elastic• Vocal cords, air passages

• __________________________________• Very thin collagenous fibers• Highly branched• Form supportive networks

Loose Connective Tissue

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• Loose Connective Tissue (3 kinds)

1) ______________________________________*Forms delicate, thin membranes throughout body*Fibroblast cells spread apart within a gel-like ground substance containing many collagen and elastic fibers*Binds skin to underlying tissue and fills spaces between muscles; Underlies most layers of epithelium where its many blood vessels

) )

1) Areolar connective tissue

2) ______________________________________

• Adipocytes (fat cells• Stores fat; Cushions & insulate• Beneath skin, behind eyeballs, around kidneys and heart

CollagenousFibers

White blood cell

Fibroblast

3) _______________________________________• Composed of thin, collagenous fibers in a 3-Dimensional

network• Supportive framework of liver, spleen, and lymphatic

organs

Dense Connective Tissue

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Dense C.T. (3 kinds):

1) __________________________________________• many closely packed collagenous fibers & fine network of

elastic fibers• Few fibroblasts• Very strong, able to withstand pulling forces • Poor blood supply• Binds body parts together as ________________________

__________________________________________________(a

Fibroblasts

Collagenousfibers

Dense Regular C.T.

Collagenfibers

Fibroblasts

2) __________________________________________• Collagen fibers are thicker, interwoven, and more

randomly organized – allows tissue to sustain tension from many different directions

Located in the ___________________________________

Collagenfibers

Fibroblast

Elasticfibers

3) ________________________________________• Abundant elastic fibers in parallel strands or branching

networks; some collagenous fibers• Fibroblasts

• ________________________________________________

Supporting Connective Tissue

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A. ______________________________ • Rigid matrix

• ___________________________________ in lacunae• Poor blood supply• 3 types of cartilage

1) ____________________________________________ Looks like white glass, has very fine collagen fibers

• Most abundant type of cartilage• Embryonic skeleton begins as “model” of hyaline cartilage• •___________________________________________________

2) _____________________________________________ Dense network of elastic fibers

• Most flexible cartilage• • ______________________________________________

3) __________________________________________ Many collagenous fibers

• Very tough – shock absorber• • ________________________________________________

Supporting Connective Tissue

B. _____________________________• Most rigid C.T.• Hardness due to mineralization; Contains abundant collagenous

fibers which are flexible and reinforce the bone• Osteoblasts - deposit the bone matrix in concentric layers,

(lamellae); Live in lacunae within the matrix• Bones of Skeleton – Framework for body movement, protects,

stores minerals, bone marrow makes blood cells

Fluid Connective Tissue•Blood – 4 components:

1)_______________________– fluid matrix

2) ___________________________ – red blood cells Transport

gases3) ___________________________ - white blood cells

Fight infection4)___________________________ – Cell fragments

Clot blood

Fills the circulatory system to transport materials, fight infection, form clots

Blood – 4 Main Components

Muscle Tissue

• General characteristics:• Muscle cells also called_______________________________ • Contractile

• Three (3) types:• Skeletal muscle• Smooth muscle• Cardiac muscle

Muscle Tissue

1) _______________________________________• Attached to bones• Striated• Voluntary

Muscle Tissue

2) ____________________________________________• Walls of organs, blood vessels• Involuntary• Non-striated

Muscle Tissue

3) ___________________________________________ • Heart wall• Involuntary• Striated plus intercalated discs

Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue - found in the brain, spinal cord and peripheralnerves.

A) _____________________________– highly specializedcells that sense changes and respond by transmitting nerve impulses.

Coordinate, regulate and integrate body activities

B) __________________________________– supportive cells

Nervous Tissue

4 Types of Membranes

A. Epithelial membranes – Sheets of cells with underlying C.T. 3 types:

1) _____________________________________ – line body cavities that do not open to the outside and cover organs in these cavities (thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities). Secrete serous fluid that reduces friction.

2) _____________________________________– line body cavities that do open to the outside (oral and nasal cavities and tubes of the digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems). May contain goblet cells that secrete mucus.

3) ______________________________________ – Skin. Part of the integumentary system

B. _________________________________________ – made entirely of C.T. Lines synovial joints.