connecting repositories · 2018. 8. 23. · (6) system (3.11 cm). bark consumption of the dca...
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��������������� � ��� ����!� Assessment of the Efficiency of Double Cut Alternative (DCA) Tapping
System in Rubber Orchards at Namom District, Songkhla Province
�D��� EF � �� F
Jureerat Rukkhun
����� F�H��I����J��������KJ�L�E���! ��ME���NN� ����K��E����� OPE �����Q��RQK��E�F
�������! ����!�S���F A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
the Degree of Master of Science in Plant Science Prince of Songkla University
2553 !��� [����������! ����!�S���F
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Thesis Title Assessment of the Efficiency of Double Cut Alternative (DCA) Tapping
System in Rubber Orchards at Namom District, Songkhla Province
Author Miss Jureerat Rukkhun
Major Program Plant Science
Academic Year 2009
ABSTRACT
Rubber smallholder in southern Thailand normally use high intensive tapping
systems to enhance the latex yield. This causes detrimental effect on yield per tapping, dry
rubber content reduction, high bark consumption and tapping panel dryness. Therefore, the
efficiency of Double Cut Alternative (DCA) tapping system was assessed in rubber orchards at
Namom District, Songkhla Province. The experiment was arranged as a randomized complete
block design (RCB) in 2 treatments: T1: 1/3s 3d/4 T2: 2 x 1/3s d/2.d/3 (DCA) with 3 replicates
(1 orchard per replicate). This study was done during May 2008 to December 2009. The results
showed that fresh latex production in the DCA tapping system (25,115.64 g/tree and 126.42
g/tree/tapping) were higher than the conventional tapping system (22,150.64 g/tree and 110.50
g/tree/tapping). Fresh latex production increased 13.39% and 14.41% (parameters: g/tree and
g/tree/tapping) in the DCA tapping system, however, there was no significant difference in
comparison with the conventional tapping system. Furthermore, dry latex production in the DCA
tapping system (7,194.57 g/tree and 37.94 g/tree/tapping) were higher than the conventional
tapping system (6,504.55 g/tree and 33.86 g/tree/tapping). Dry latex production increased
10.61% and 12.05% (parameters: g/tree and g/tree/tapping) in the DCA tapping system, but there
was no significant difference in comparison with the conventional tapping system. Income return
increased 10.50% (baht/tree) by the DCA treatment. Dry rubber content (DRC) were determined,
it was found that there was no significant difference between the DCA tapping system and
conventional tapping system. However, DRC of the low cut of DCA tapping system was
significantly higher than that of the high cut of DCA tapping system. Trunk radial growth of the
DCA tapping system (2.61 cm) was no significantly different from the conventional tapping
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system (3.11 cm). Bark consumption of the DCA tapping system (2.54 mm/tapping) was
significantly higher than the conventional tapping system (2.42 mm/tapping). However, the low
cut (2.41 mm/tapping) showed no significant difference from the high cut (2.68 mm/tapping) of
DCA tapping system. It was found that there was no significant difference in dry-cut length.
According to the investigation of latex physiological parameters, it was found that DRC of the
high and low cut of DCA tapping system were significantly higher than the conventional tapping
system. It was found that sucrose, inorganic phosphorus and reduced thiols content were not
significantly different between the treatments. Therefore, it is suggested that the DCA tapping
system trends to increase latex yield compared with the conventional tapping systems.
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22
2.3 /$��0����12$1#���34�5�
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23
2.3.3 /$��0�6�6��7 ��
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2.3.5 ������#89� ����$�
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6�,%H������@$> (�6����DE���) = ��"$� ��@$> (�� %) x 100
��"$� ���( (�� %)
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� (C�%�,���6)���6)���+(��F>������� ��� $������ (�"��� (C�%��>������� ( +(��$>����� �� ���$������ (� �o�� ?����� ( (#�#C^���� ! 4) �"��� ( C�%�,���6)���6)������ 3 �(��� C"��H$C&C�%�,���6)���6)���+(��F>�7��
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24
C�%�,���6)���6)��� (%,)),�%���&�C� ��� () = C�%�,���6)���6)���� !�F> (%,)),�%��) '"���� ��� (�
2.3.7 �������7������;��<�$#������=�7$# ��>���
��� (� �����'�,k��>���?�)"�>���� �"+(����F>��� ( � (��(��>���?�)"�>����� !C�%�7 170 �D��,�%�� '�����(,� (#�#C^���� ! 5) +(�% ��� (�&����!�� �@�&�&����,!%�6<(�� ( (�(����]�#C% 2551) '��,����(���()� (�(���� ��C% 2552) +(��A$�&�"���()� % ��� (��(��>���?�)"�>������� 3 �(���
2.3.8 ������������ �8����$�
6�A�%,�����,(����6)���@$>���>���� +(�'A6�A�%,� 2 C� �����?68 C�� �(����]�#C% @)A�(�����)C% ��6�A�%,�����6)���@$> (Dry Cut Length: DCL) �%�,� ���� ����� @)ACHA (2542�) D_!�6g���6�A�%,�C�%��������� (� !��"�:$)(>����� +(�^7>6�A�%,��>�� �����:$)����"�� �� � !�� ( @)A�>�@�&�'�&����� (� !:%&% ��"�:$)���%� ��:%&:(>��,('����� (���� (#�#C^���� ! 6) @?&��6�A�%,�����6g� 7 �A( ? ( � �
�A( ? 0 = ����� (6��, % ��"�:$)�)�(C�%������� ( �A( ? 1 = ����� (@$> 1-20 % ��C�%������� ( �A( ? 2 = ����� (@$> 21-40 % ��C�%������� ( �A( ? 3 = ����� (@$> 41-60 % ��C�%������� ( �A( ? 4 = ����� (@$> 61-80 % ��C�%������� ( �A( ? 5 = ����� (@$> 81-100 % ��C�%������� ( �A( ? 6 = ����� (@$>��,� :%&% ��"�:$)�)�(����� (
@)>�C"��H����6)���@$> (%DCL) '��7�� %DCL = [Σ6 (cn1)] x 100 Tn
1= 0
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25
�%�!� Σ6 : �A( ?��6�A�%,�����6)���@$>� �@�& 0 =_ 6
c : C& coefficient ������6)���@$>@�&)A�A( ? �A( ? 1 = 0.1 �A( ? 2 = 0.3 �A( ? 3 = 0.5 �A( ? 4 = 0.7 �A( ? 5 = 0.9 �A( ? 6 = 1.0 n1 : '"����>�� !@�(����6)���@$>��@�&)A�A( ?
Tn : '"����>�� �$%(
2.3.9 ������������� ��������2������1##9=� ��
�"���,�C�A$��C�6�A��?�F ��C% ��"��%�,� ���� Gohet @)A Chantuma (1999) �&�����,�C�A$���"�'A�" Standard curve ����%,�����@�&)A� � ���!� $C&� %6�A�,��,{��(7(�)��@� (K) ����)A)� +(��"$�(��%� ?C&� %6�A�,��,{ ��(7(�)��@�'����" Standard curve ( � � KSuc6��, = 1.90 } 2.00 KSuc�!" = ��)>�C � 0.9 KSuc�7 = ��)>�C � 4.0 KPi = 4.00 } 4.20 KR-SH = 0.12 } 0.14 1. �����@�7��� %��#9=� �� +(���E?� ���&��"�� ��A??�� (@??$�>�� (�( �� $�>�� (?� @)A$�>�� ()&���A??�� (@??��$�>�� ( +(��F>@�&�$)E��'A�6)������>:6'�=_F �������:%>?�,��H��>����� ( 5 �D��,�%�� '�� ��@�$)�(F&��)"�) ���"����7� !�'A:�> �,���"� 2 $�(@��� !:$)���% @)A��E?��"� 10 $�(� !:$)= (%�&��>� '"��� 5 �>��&��,!�()� �&���"����E?� ���&��"��>�F !��"$� �$)�(�6)& (T) ��,%����,) �:(��% �- �AD,�,C@�D,(C�%��>%�>� 1 �6����DE��� 6�,%�� 5 %,)),),�� F !��"$� �� �C� � (T+E) $) '�� ��'_��E?� ���&��"� 10 $�(�&��>� ��&$)�(� !% ����,) �:(��% ��AD,�,C@�D,(C�%��>%�>� 1 �6����DE��� 6�,%�� 5 %,)),),�� '�� ���"%F !��"$� � (T+E+L) ��,%:��C)�+��AD,�,C@�D,(C�%��>%�>� 20 �6����DE��� 6�,%�� 0.715 %,)),),�� ���!��$>��"�' ?� ��6g��>�� ���&�? a 'A:(>� ���& 2 �&�� �&�����������":6�,�C�A$�$C&6�,%H������@$> �&������)A)����":6�,�C�A$�$6�,%H��"�)D7+C�� 6�,%H��,��� ��B��B�� � @)A6�,%H:���)
1= 0
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26
2. �������������� �����/���/@���9��� ��8� ������#89� ����$� C"��H��"$� ���( (Fw) '� (T + E + L) - (T + E) �"�&�����������,((>����E%$%�( 6������A(�) � !��&$%��)�@�&)A� ���& �":6�?� !��H$#7%, 70 �9�D)�D �� �6g���) 24 F !�+% F !��"$� ��@$>@�&)A�>�� (Dw) C"��H6�,%H������@$>'��7��
6�,%H������@$> (�6����DE���) = ��"$� ���( (�� %) x 100 ��"$� ��@$> (�� %)
3. �������������� �����(0A�� ��� �%$)�(@�>�l��) ����&� ?'"���� ���& ��,%:��C)�+��AD,�,C@�D,(C�%��>%�>� 2.5 �6����DE��� 6�,%�� 400 :%+C�),�� ��,%��)A)��� (��� ���&) 6�,%�� 100 :%+C�),�� @)A ��,%@��+��� 6�,%�� 3 %,)),),�� 6<(l$)�(@�>� ���&(>���C��!����& @)>��":6��&����&C�?C�%��H$#7%, 90 �9�D)�D �� �6g���) 10 �� �":6@F&���&C�?C�%��H$#7%,���!��$>��)A)���E� � (C&��(7(�)��@�� !C�%��C)�!� 627 �+��%�� C"��HC�%��>%�>���6�,%H��"�)D7+C����$�&�� %,)),+%)�&���"� 1 ),�� (mM/l) �%�7��
[Suc] mM/l = OD627 x K x [(Fw + W1 + W2) / Fw]
�%�!� K = C&� %6�A�,��,{��(7(�)��@�����"�)D7+C��'� Standard curve Fw = ��"$� ���"��(��$�&���� % W1 = ��"$� ���"�) !��&�$)�(��$�&���� % (Standard CRRC = 5 �� %)
W2 = ��"$� ���:��C)�+��AD,�,C@�D,(C�%��>%�>� 20 �6����DE��� D_!�F>����F ��"�$>��"���,(�����A��� (Standard CRRC = 0.715 �� %)
$�� (C&��(7(�)��@�� !:(>�!"��& 0.2 �$>6� ?6�,%�����& a ( � �C�� :��C)�+��AD,�,C@�D,(C�%��>%�>� 2.5 �6����DE��� 6� ?6�,%���6g� 250 :%+C�),�� ��� ���& 6� ?6�,%���6g� 100 :%+C�),�� @)A@��+���6� ?6�,%���6g� 3 %,)),),�� $�� (C&
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27
��(7(�)��@�:(>�7��& 0.8 �$>6� ?6�,%��:��C)�+��AD,�,C@�D,(C�%��>%�>� 2.5 �6����DE��� �6g� 450 :%+C�),�� ��� ���& �6g� 50 :%+C�),�� @)A@��+��� �6g� 3 %,)),),��
4. �������������� ������#�#��� �B�B��� ��� �%$)�(@�>�l��) ����&� ?
'"���� ���& ��,%:��C)�+��AD,�,C@�D,(C�%��>%�>� 2.5 �6����DE��� 6�,%�� 1 %,)),),�� ��,%��� ���& 6�,%�� 500 :%+C�),�� @)A��,%��)A)�B��B�� � 6�,%�� 3 %,)),),�� 6<(l$)�( ���&(>���C��!����& �,�:�> 5 �� $) '�� ���":6� (C&��(7(�)��@�� !C�%��C)�!� 410 �+��%�� C"��HC�%��>%�>���6�,%H��,��� ��B��B�� ���$�&�� %,)),+%)�&���"� 1 ),�� (mM/l) �%�7�� [Pi] mM/l = OD410 x K x [(Fw + W1 + W2) / Fw]
�%�!� K = C&� %6�A�,��,{��(7(�)��@�����,��� ��B��B�� � '� Standard curve
Fw = ��"$� ���"��(��$�&���� % W1 = ��"$� ���"�) !��&�$)�(��$�&���� % (Standard CRRC = 5 �� %)
W2 = ��"$� ���:��C)�+��AD,�,C@�D,(C�%��>%�>� 20 �6����DE��� D_!�F>����F ��"�$>��"���,(�����A��� (Standard CRRC = 0.715 �� %)
5. �������������� ����������C���� ��� �%$)�(@�>�l��) ����&� ?'"���
� ���& ��,%��,� 6�,%�� 1 %,)),),�� ��� ���& 6�,%��1.5 %,)),),�� ��)A)� DTNB 6�,%�� 50 :%+C�),�� 6<(l$)�( ���&(>���C��!����& �,�:�> 5 �� $) '�� ���":6� (C&��(7(�)��@�� !C�%��C)�!� 412 �+��%�� C"��HC�%��>%�>���:���)��$�&�� %,)),+%)�&���"� 1 ),�� (mM/l) �%�7��
[R-SH] mM/l = OD412 x K x [(Fw + W1 + W2) / Fw]
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28
�%�!� K = C&� %6�A�,��,{��(7(�)��@���:���)'� Standard curve
Fw = ��"$� ���"��(��$�&���� % W1 = ��"$� ���"�) !��&�$)�(��$�&���� % (Standard CRRC = 5 �� %)
W2 = ��"$� ���:��C)�+��AD,�,C@�D,(C�%��>%�>� 20 �6����DE��� D_!�F>����F ��"�$>��"���,(�����A��� (Standard CRRC = 0.715 �� %)
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29
3
2551 2552 15
3.1
15 30
- 3 ( 4)
( 1)
- (pH) 5.86
0.05 6.42
32.24
29
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30
4 -
3
-
(pH)
(%)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
1 5.80 0.05 12.05 33.31
2 5.64 0.05 3.83 47.71
3 6.14 0.04 3.38 15.70
5.86 0.05 6.42 32.24
3.2
2551 2552
( 5)
. . 2551
2,464.0 . . 2552 2,338.6
2,000
2552 924
2552 31.7 2552 156.0
2551 48.4
2552 35.2 2552 23.4
317 2
196 62 ( 5)
38
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31
5
(
)
255
1 2
552
:
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,00
0
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010203040
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2551
25
52
31
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32
5
2551 2552
%
T1: 317 196 62
T2: 317 196 62
3.3
3.3.1 ( ) 2551
2552 196 2
25,115.64
22,150.64 ( 6)
14,687.37
10,357.30 ( 7)
2
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33
25,111.64
22,150.64
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
T1 (control) T2 (DCA)
()
T1 (control) =
T2 (DCA) =
6 ( )
2551 2552
ns
T2 (high cut) = T2 (low cut) =
7 ( )
2551 2552
ns
14,687.37
10,357.30
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
T2 (high cut) T2 (low cut)
()
ns
ns
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34
7,194.57
6,504.55 ( 8)
4,376.65
2,817.93 ( 9)
3
( 10) 2
2 2552
T1 (control) =
T2 (DCA) =
8 ( )
2551 2552
ns
7,194.566,504.55
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
T1 (control) T2 (DCA)
()
ns
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35
T2 (high cut) = T2 (low cut) =
9 ( )
2551 2552
ns
10 ( )
2551 2552
4,376.65
2,817.93
0
2000
4000
6000
T2 (high cut) T2 (low cut)
()
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
()
T1: T2:
2551 2552
ns
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36
2551
2552 15
2
13.39 10.61 ( 6)
6
2551 2552
( ) %
( ) %
T1: 22,150.64 100.00 6,504.55 100.00
T2: 25,115.64 113.39 7,194.57 110.61
3.3.2
( )
126.42
110.50
( 11)
142.27
109.77 (
12) (
4)
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37
T1 (control) =
T2 (DCA) =
11 ( )
2551
2552
ns =
T2 (high cut) = , T2 (low cut) =
12 ( )
2551
2552
126.42110.50
0
50
100
150
T1 (control) T2 (DCA)
()
142.27
109.77
0
50
100
150
T2 (high cut) T2 (low cut)
()
ns
ns
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38
ns
37.94
33.86 ( 13)
44.22
31.59 ( 14)
( 5)
T1 (control) =
T2 (DCA) =
13 ( )
2551
2552
ns
33.86 37.94
0
10
20
30
40
T1 (control) T2 (DCA)
()
ns
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39
T2 (high cut) = T2 (low cut) =
14 ( )
2551
2552
ns
2552 ( 15)
2552
2 2 2552
( 16)
31.59
44.22
0
10
20
30
40
50
T2 (high cut) T2 (low cut)
()
ns
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40
15 ( )
2551
2552
16 ( )
2551
2552
0
50
100
150
200
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
()
T1: T2:
0
20
40
60
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
()
T1: T2:
2551 2552
2551 2552
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2551
2552 15
2
14.41 12.05 ( 7)
7 ( )
2551
2552
( ) %
( ) %
T1: 110.50 100.00 33.86 100.00
T2: 126.42 114.41 37.94 112.05
3.4
2551 2552 15
494.72
447.71 ( 8)
10.50
47.01 3,753
( 17)
41
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42
8 ( )
2551 2552
( ) %
T1: 447.71 100.00
T2: 494.72 110.50
T-test ns
C.V. (%) 3.41
ns
17 ( )
2551
2552
0
20
40
60
80
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
()
T1: T2:
2551 2552
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43
3.5
( )
2
30.6
31.5 ( 18)
32.1 29.1
( 19)
T1 (control) =
T2 (DCA) =
18 ( )
2551 2552
ns
30.631.5
0
15
30
45
T1 (control) T2 (DCA)
()
ns
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44
T2 (high cut) = T2 (low cut) =
19 ( )
2551
2552
ns
2
31.4
32.2 ( 20)
34.0
28.3 ( 21)
29.1b 32.1a
0
15
30
45
T2 (high cut) T2 (low cut)
()
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45
T1 (control) =
T2 (DCA) =
20 ( )
2551
2552
ns
T2 (high cut) = T2 (low cut) =
21 ( )
2551
2552
ns
31.432.2
0
15
30
45
T1 (control) T2 (DCA)
()
34.0a28.3b
0
15
30
45
T2 (high cut) T2 (low cut)
()
ns
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46
3.6
( ) 2551
2552 2
2.54
2.42
( 22)
2.41
2.68
( 23)
T1 (control) =
T2 (DCA) =
22 ( )
2551
2552
ns
2.42b 2.54a
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
T1 (control) T2 (DCA)
(/
)
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47
T2 (high cut) = T2 (low cut) =
23 ( )
2551
2552
ns
3.7
170
2552
3.11 2.61 2
( 9)
2.68 2.41
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
T2 (high cut) T2 (low cut)
(/
)
ns
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48
9
2551 2552
( ) %
T1: 3.11 100
T2: 2.61 84
T-test ns
C.V. (%) 12.11
ns
3.8
( )
2.54
2.75 ( 24)
3.46
1.62 ( 25)
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49
T1 (control) =
T2 (DCA) =
24 ( )
2551 2552
ns
T2 (high cut) = T2 (low cut) =
25 ( )
2551 2552
ns
2.542.75
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
T1 (control) T2 (DCA)
()
3.46
1.62
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
T2 (high cut) T2 (low cut)
()
ns
ns
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50
3.9
( 10)
10 (%DRC) (Suc)
(Pi) (R-SH)
% % mM % mM % mM %
38.14b 100 11.66 100 15.13 100 0.39 100
40.50ab 106 12.60 108 17.76 117 0.34 87
45.46a 119 10.25 88 16.11 106 0.39 100
F-test ** ns ns ns
C.V. (%) 3.56 25.67 14.7 24.78
** P ≤ 0.01
ns
DMRT
3.9.1
38.14 40.50 45.46
19
6 ( 10)
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51
3.9.2
11.66 12.60 10.25
8
12 ( 10)
3.9.3
17.76
16.11 15.13 ( 10)
3.9.4
0.39
0.34
(0.39 )
( 10)
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52
4
4.1
- 4.5-5.5 -
300
50 180 ( , 2550)
- (pH) 5.86 0.05 6.42 32.24
( , 2544)
4.2
52
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53
. . 2551 . . 2552
. . 2551
( , 2544)
4.3
13.39 14.41 10.61 12.05 (2544)
( ) RRIM 600 300-400 546 (
76 196 ) Gohet and Chantuma (2004)
1/2s d/2 2x 1/2s d/4 (DCA) 2×1/2s d/4 (DCA) 2.5% 6 12
3 25-30
(2548) 1/2s d/2 3 3.07, 4.46 5.62
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54
27 4-5 15
3 24-28 6
9 ( , 2549) Vaysse (2006) 1.5
(2×1/2s d/4) ( ) 22 (
) 15
32
(2551)
BPM24 8
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55
(2x 1/2s d/4) (2x 1/3s d/2.d/3) 4 10
(1/2s d/2) (1/3s 3d/4) BPM24
BPM24 (2552)
RRIM600 (2×1/2s d/4) 21.04
(1/2s d/2) (2×1/3s d/2.d/3) 17.86
(1/3s 3d/4) (2552) 2
(1/2s d/2) (2×1/2s d/4) 19.29 19.31
(1/3s 3d/4) (2×1/3s d/2.d/3)
7.66 7.66 (2552) 1
(2552) 2
(2×1/2s d/4) (2×1/3s
d/2.d/3)
(2552)
(1/3s 2d/3)
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56
27 22
(2552) (1/3s 3d/4)
(2×1/3s d/2. d/3) 3 5
13.39 14.41 10.61 12.05
15
50 150
48-72 (d Auzac , 1997)
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57
4.4
Vaysse (2006) (2552) (1/2s d/2)
(1/3s 2d/3) (1/3s 3d/4)
4.5
Gohet
Chantuma (2003) (2552) (2552)
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58
4.6
(2550 ) 1.7-2.0
1.7-2.0
( , 2544)
4.7
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59
(1/3s 3d/4)
4.8
2
( , 2544)
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60
oxidative st�ess
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61
5
15
11-13 3,573
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62
. 2551. (Hevea brasiliensis). .
. 25�8. . :
.
. 2535. .
. 10-11.
. 25�7. .
.
. 25��.
RRIM 600 . . :
.
. 2552.
(DCA) .
.
. 2552. 2
RRIM 600.
.
. 25��. .
.
![Page 74: COnnecting REpositories · 2018. 8. 23. · (6) system (3.11 cm). Bark consumption of the DCA tapping system (2.54 mm/tapping) was significantly higher than the conventional tapping](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011922/604728be305de5258a51ce96/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
63
. 25��.
1. . :
.
. 2550.
. : .
, , , ,
. 25�2 . .
. : .
, , , ,
. 25�2 .
. . :
.
. 25��. .
25�� 1
. . 20-22 25��, 55-69.
, . 25�8. .
: .
, , , , , ,
, , , .
25�3. . .
: .
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6�
, , . 25��.
. . :
.
. 25��. .
25�� 1 .
. 20-22 25��, 78-89.
, , Gohet, E. . 25�5.
. 25�5
1 .
. 20-22 25�5, 32-72.
, , , , , ,
. 25�6 .
. .
: .
, . 25�6 .
. . :
.
, , Gohet, E. Thaler, P. 25�9. .
. 22-27: �7-61.
. 2552. (Hevea brasiliensis
Muell. Arg.) :
.
.
![Page 76: COnnecting REpositories · 2018. 8. 23. · (6) system (3.11 cm). Bark consumption of the DCA tapping system (2.54 mm/tapping) was significantly higher than the conventional tapping](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011922/604728be305de5258a51ce96/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
65
. 25�9. .
.
. 25�2. .
25�2. :
.
, 25�3. 25�2. :
.
. 25��. . :
.
. 2550 . . :
.
. 2550 . 2550. :
.
. 25�5. . :
.
. 25�6. . :
.
, . 2552.
2
RRIM 600 2 . �0(3) ( ): 508-511.
![Page 77: COnnecting REpositories · 2018. 8. 23. · (6) system (3.11 cm). Bark consumption of the DCA tapping system (2.54 mm/tapping) was significantly higher than the conventional tapping](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011922/604728be305de5258a51ce96/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
66
. 25�6.
. . :
.
, , , .
25�6. .
. :
.
, , , , ,
. 25�8.
. . :
.
. 25�7. . : - .
Chanasongkram, P. and Samosorn, S. 1989. Anatomical parameters of latex production. In
Proceedings of the Franco-Thai Workshop on Natural Rubber: Tapping Practices on
Smallholdings in Southern Thailand, Hat Yai/Pattani, Thailand, 21-2� November 1989,
pp. 3-11
Chantuma, P., Vichichonchai, T. and Chantuma, A. 2008. Influence of small trunk tree on rubber
production. The Rubber International 10: 38-��.
d Auzac, J., Jacob, J.L., Prevot, J.C., Clement, A., Gaiiois, H., Lacote, R., Pujade-Renaud, V. and
Gohet, E. 1997.The regulation of cis-polyisoprene production (natural rubber) from
Hevea brasiliensis. Recent. Res. Dev. in Plant Physiol. 1: 273-331.
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Gohet, E. and Chantuma, P. 1999. Microdiagnostic latex. Microdiagnostic Latex Training RRIT-
DOA. Chachoengsao Rubber Research Center, Chachoengsao, 22-26 November 1999,
pp. 1-10.
Gohet, E. and Chantuma, P. 2003. Double cut alternative tapping system (DCA): Towards
improvement of yield and labour productivity of Thailand rubber smallholdings. In
Proceedings of International Workshop on Exploitation Technology, Kottayam, Kerala,
India, 15 - 18 December 2003 (abstract only).
Gohet, E. and Chantuma, P. 200�. Double cut alternative tapping system (DCA): Towards
improvement of yield and labour productivity of Thailand rubber smallholdings. CIRAD-
CP, CIRAD - Thailand, Doras Centre, Bangkok & Chachoengsao Rubber Research
Center, Chachoengsao, Thailand.
Jacob, J.L., Prevot, J.C., Vidal, A., Eschbach, J.M., Lacrotte, R. and Serres, E. 1989. Tapping
practices base on physiological knowledge. In Proceedings of the Franco-Thai Workshop
on Natural Rubber: Tapping Practices on Smallholdings in Southern Thailand, Hat
Yai/Pattani, Thailand, 21-2� November 1989, pp. 12- 26.
Jayanthy, T. and Sankaranarayanan, P.E. 2005. Measurement of dry rubber content in latex using
microwave technique. Measurement Science Review 5: 50-5�. Kekwick, R.G.O. 2001. Latex and laticifers. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. London: Nature
Publishing Group.
Kittipol, L. 2009. Natural Rubber Situation in 2009. The Rubber International 11: 20 - 21.
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Leconte, A., Vaysse, L., Santisopasri, V., Kruprasert, C., Gohet, E. and Bonfils, F. 2006. On farm
testing of ethephon stimulation and different tapping frequencies, effect on rubber
production and quality of rubber. Seminar on Thai French Rubber Cooperation,
Century Park Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand, 1-2 June 2006, pp. 1-13.
Milford, G.F.J., Paardekooper, E.C. and Ho, C.Y. 1969. Latex vessel plugging, its importance to
yield and clonal behaviour. Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya 21: 27�-
282.
Paardekooper, E.C. 1989. Exploitation of the rubber tree. In Rubber (eds. C.C. Webster and W.J.
Baulkwill) pp. 379-381. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Riches, P.J. and Gooding, B.G.E. 1952. Studies in the physiology of latex. І Latex flow on
tapping -Theoretical considerations. New Phytol. 51: 1-10.
Silpi, U., Chantuma, P., Kosaisawe, J., Thanisawanyangkura, S. and Gohet, E. 200�. Distribution
pattern of latex sucrose and metabolic activity in response to tapping systems and ethrel
stimulation in latex producing bark of Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. In IRRDB Annual
Meeting, Kunming, China, 7-8 September 200� (abstract only).
Susaevee, P. 2008. Two tapping cuts research give high yields. The Rubber International 10:
12-13.
Susaevee, P. 2009. How to successfully grow rubber trees. The Rubber International 11:
20-2�.
Vaysse, L., Leconte, A., Santisopasri, V., Kaewcharoensombat, U., Gohet, E. and Bonfils, F.
2006. On farm testing double cut alternative tapping system (DCA), effect on rubber
production and quality of rubber. Seminar on Thai French Rubber cooperation,
Century Park Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand, 1-2 June 2006, pp. 1-13.
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Watson, G. A. 1989. Climate and soil. In Rubber (eds. C. C. Webster and W. J. Baulkwill), pp.
125-16�. New York : Longman Scientific and Technical.
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1
68 x
67 x x
66 x x x
65 x x x x
64 x x x x
63 x x x x
62 x x x x
61 x x x x
60 x x x x
59 x x x x
58 x x x x
57 x x x x x
56 x x x x
55 x x x x x
DCA
54 x x x x
53 x x x x x
52 x x x x
51 x x x x x
50 x x x x
49 x x x x x
48 x x x x 47 x x x x
46 x x x x 120
45 x x x x
44 x x x x DCA 124
43 x x x x
42 x x x x
41 x x x x
40 x x x x
39 x x x x
38 x x x x
37 x x x x
36 x x x x
35 x x x x
34 x x x x
33 x x x x
32 x x x x
31 x x x x
30 x x x x
29 x x x x
28 x x x x
27 x x x x
26 x x x x
25 x x x x
24 x x x x
23 x x x x
22 x x x x
21 x x x x
20 x x x x
19 x x x x
18 x x x x
17 x x x x
16 x x x x
15 x x x x
14 x x x x
13 x x x x
12 x x x x
11 x x x x
10 x x x x
9 x x x x
8 x x x x
7 x x x
6 x x x
5 x x x
4 x x
3 x x
2 x
1
2 3 4 5
1 1
N
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72
2
24 x x x x x x x
23 x x x x x x x
22 x x x x x x x
21 x x x x x x x
20 x x x x x x x
19 x x x x x x x x
18 x x x x x x x
17 x x x x x x x x
DCA
16 x x x x x x x
15 x x x x x x x x
14 x x x x x x x
13 x x x x x x x x
12 x x x x x x x
11 x x x x x x x x
10 x x x x x x x
9 x x x x x x x
8 x x x x x x x 68
7 x x x x x x x
6 x x x x x x x DCA 68
5 x x x x x x x
4 x x x x x x x
3 x x x x x x x
2 x x x x x x x
1 x x x x x x x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 2
N
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3
1
2 3
4 5
6 7
8 9
10
11
12
13
14
1 x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
2 x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
3 x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
x
4 x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
5 x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
x
DCA
6 x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
7 x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
x
8 x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
9 x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
x
10
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
11
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
12
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
13
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
78
14
x x
x x
x
x x
x x
x x
x x
D
CA
71
15
x x
x
x
x x
x
3
3
N
73
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74
4 ( )
5 170
6
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1
(%)
<0.1
0.
1-0.
2 -
0.2-
0.5
- 0.
5-0.
75
>0.7
5
(mg/
kg)
<3
3-6
6-10
10
-15
15-2
5 25
-45
>45
(mg/
kg)
<30
30-6
0 -
60-9
0 -
90-1
20
>120
:
, 254
7 ;
, 253
5
75
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2
.
.-51
..-5
1 .
.-51
..-5
1 .
.-51
..-5
1 .
.-51
..-5
1 .
.-52
..-5
2 .
.-52
..-5
2 .
.-52
..-5
2 .
.-52
32
6.91
18
27.1
7 22
08.1
8b
1864
.39b
16
70.0
4 11
52.7
7b
596.
26
383.
43
1815
.86
2399
.15
1616
.08
2077
.23
2117
.84
774.
81
1320
.53
DCA
33
8.18
18
83.9
3 25
10.5
2a
2119
.33a
17
75.0
6 12
47.5
5a
617.
71
404.
38
1833
.87
2386
.49
1830
.59
2688
.74
3002
.99
973.
67
1502
.63
F-Te
st
ns
ns
* *
ns
* ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
C.V.
(%)
1.46
6
.12
1.81
3.
31
6
.14
1.9
9 1
.70
11.
88
2.9
1 1
.27
4.9
5 18
.92
2
0.25
16
.64
8
.68
* P
≤ 0
.05
ns
DM
RT
3
.
.-51
..-5
1 .
.-51
..-5
1 .
.-51
..-5
1 .
.-51
..-5
1 .
.-52
..-5
2 .
.-52
..-5
2 .
.-52
..-5
2 .
.-52
13
5.33
53
8.42
55
6.31
51
4.44
46
6.64
34
5.40
20
7.95
13
4.09
57
0.88
62
6.44
51
9.17
63
5.05
62
3.17
22
3.63
40
7.64
DCA
13
9.17
55
9.65
61
1.26
53
3.10
45
8.19
35
3.07
21
1.21
14
1.84
56
6.68
60
6.91
58
8.22
81
9.79
84
5.99
30
8.09
45
1.41
F-Te
st
* ns
ns
*
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
C.V.
(%)
0.44
7.
99
5.67
0.
90
4.13
4
.05
1.85
13
.41
2.
68
3.7
5 4.
07
23.
09
26.
15
17.
50
9.22
* P
≤ 0
.05
ns
DM
RT
76
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77
4
.
.-51
..-5
1 .
.-51
..-5
1 .
.-51
..-5
1 .
.-51
..-5
1 .
.-52
..-5
2 .
.-52
..-5
2 .
.-52
..-5
2 .
.-52
32
6.91
1,
827.
17
2,20
8.18
b 1,
864.
39b
1,67
0.04
1,
152.
77b
596.
26
383.
43
1,81
5.86
2,
399.
15
1,61
6.08
2,
077.
23
2,11
7.84
77
4.81
1,
320.
53
DCA
33
8.18
1,
883.
93
2,51
0.52
a 2,
119.
33a
1,77
5.06
1,
247.
55a
617.
71
404.
38
1,83
3.87
2,
386.
49
1,83
0.59
2,
688.
74
3,00
2.99
97
3.67
1,
502.
63
F-Te
st
ns
ns
* *
ns
* ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
C.V.
(%)
1.46
6
.12
1.81
3.
31
6
.14
1.9
9 1
.70
11.
88
2.9
1 1
.27
4.9
5 18
.92
2
0.25
16
.64
8
.68
* P
≤ 0
.05
ns
DM
RT
5
.
.-51
..-5
1 .
.-51
..-5
1 .
.-51
..-5
1 .
.-51
..-5
1 .
.-52
..-5
2 .
.-52
..-5
2 .
.-52
..-5
2 .
.-52
25
.08
33.2
1 29
.19
28.7
1 26
.21
29.5
2 31
.13
32.7
2 43
.29
38.6
4 37
.94b
38
.12
36.8
2 35
.07
42.2
7
DCA
25
.90
34.0
3 31
.95
29.7
9 26
.06
30.5
7 31
.57
32.9
2 43
.16
37.4
4 43
.34a
48
.41
49.6
0 52
.20
52.1
8
F-Te
st
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
* ns
ns
ns
ns
C.V.
(%)
1.10
7.
79
5.28
1.
18
4.73
5.
29
1.80
11
.80
3.08
3.
91
2.71
21
.49
24.2
6 31
.26
21.9
9
* P
≤ 0
.05
ns
DM
RT
77
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