connecting electric grid needs with building …...2020/01/30 · o 150 kwh battery, pv system: 1...

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© New Buildings Institute 2020

Connecting Electric Grid Needs with Building

Opportunities to Stabilize and Decarbonize the Grid


Today’s Panel

Alexi Miller

Senior Project

Manager

New Buildings

Institute

Mark Frankel

Director of

Technology

and Innovation

Ecotope

Brad Jacobson

Principal

EHDD

Architecture

Ted Tiffany

Director of

Sustainability

Guttmann &

Blaevoet

Consulting

Engineers

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Learning Objectives

• Attendees will learn about new policy and market drivers pushing designers to

consider time-of-use energy efficiency in buildings.

• Attendees will see how the first GridOptimal pilot project team collaborated across

disciplines to evaluate and reduce operational grid carbon impacts associated with

their building’s demand profile.

• Attendees will be informed about specific design choices that impacted this pilot

project’s demand profile – and operational grid carbon impacts.

• Attendees will gain an appreciation for the strong and intensifying connection

between decarbonization and grid harmonization.


Background

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Electricity Mix: Capacity and Investment

BNEF

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A Zero Energy Building with and without Grid Integration

Courtesy: NREL, RMI

Solar PV only

Load

Shape

Grid

Impact

Energy Efficiency, Demand

Response + Solar PV

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Opportunities for Building Integration with Grid

• Permanent Efficiency

• Reduce building energy loads…

• Peak Shifting

• Design to modify time of peak building energy use to adapt to grid…

• Dynamic Response

• Actively reduce building energy use in response to short-term grid constraints, carbon, costs…

• Dispatchable Energy Storage

• Actively manage energy use patterns based on grid signals…

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The GridOptimal Buildings Initiative - Key Themes

• The way buildings interact with the electric grid is evolving rapidly.

• Buildings will face increasing regulatory and economic pressure to be able to respond to changing utility rate and delivery structures.

• Designers will need to understand and incorporate strategies that allow buildings to directly interact with the utility grid.

• Adapting to the interactive grid will be critical to maintaining building services and comfort and to grid dependability.

• Efforts to decarbonize the electrical grid will require better integration of distributed energy resources.

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The GridOptimal Buildings Initiative

• Formally launched July 2018

• Phase 1 complete• 2/28 Webinar: “Metrics, Modeling, and Momentum”

• Phase 2 underway currently

• Metrics, Guidance, Pilots, Codes

• Now seeking pilot projects

Please join us!

• Contact me: [email protected]

A Joint Initiative Of:

Supporting Members:


www.newbuildings.org

Thank you!

[email protected]

https://newbuildings.org/webinar/gridoptimal-buildings-initiative-phase-1-metrics-modeling-and-momentum/

mailto:[email protected]


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Grid Optimal Webinar

NBI Webinar

January 30, 2020

Brad Jacobson, AIA, LEED AP BD+C

Ted M. Tiffany, LEED AP BD+C

GridOptimal Case Study : Sonoma Clean Pow er | 01.30.20 | NBI Webinar

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Who is Sonoma Clean Power?

• Not-for-profit public agency that started serving customers in 2014.

• First stated mission of the joint power’s authority establishing SCP is “reducing greenhouse gas emissions in

Sonoma County and neighboring regions.”

• Generates electricity for approximately 600,000 customers in California’s Sonoma and Mendocino counties.

• Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) provides distribution of electricity.

• SCP customers pay for, and can participate in, PG&E programs.

SCP’s Emissions and Power Sources

Source: Sonoma Clean Power Integrated Resource Plan (https://sonomacleanpower.org/uploads/document s/SC P-FINAL-IRP-10-04-18.pdf)

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Why Electrify?

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Code StandardHome (Nat Gas +

Elect)

Energy EfficientHome (Nat Gas +

Elect)

Code StandardHome (Elect Only)

Energy EfficientHome (Elect Only)

Energy EfficientHome (Elect Only,100% Renewable

Product)

Yearly Per Home Emissions (MT CO2e)

GridSavvy for Load Shaping

• Shape Sonoma Clean Power loads (customer usage) to match supply

(procured energy sources).

• Use as a resource to displace gas powered plants.

• Get customers excited about demand-response capable technologies, and

pay them for their contribution to making a cleaner grid.

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The David & Lucile Packard FoundationLos Altos, California

Year Completed : 2012Size : 49,000 SF

Certif ied Net Zero Energy Building (ILFI)LEED Platinum certified (2009)

All Electric Building


Reduction in annual energy use

Efficiency measures that reduce energy cost

Design for Net Zero Energy

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Net Zero Energy (i.e. Using the Grid As a Battery)


From GridTo Grid To Grid

Net Zero Energy (i.e. Using the Grid As a Battery)

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Stored Energy

Energy

Where is the storage?


New Metrics and Guidance for Building-Grid Integration

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Building design evaluation to include load shape predictions over 24-hour and 365-day periods

Design for Zero Carbon & GridOptimal


Efficiency Measures Applied

Design Measures Can Change Load Shape

Courtesy of NBI

Courtesy of NBI

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Design Measures Can Change Load Shape

Courtesy of NBI

Summer Extreme Potential Package, SF


GridOptimal Strategy: Sunshading a Southwest Facade

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Sonoma Clean Power HeadquartersThe First GridOptimal Pilot Project


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Level 1 Level 2


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All Electric: Remove all gas infrastructure

Upgraded envelope: All new windows, insulation, air sealing

Exceptional daylighting: add skylighting and increase north windows

All electric heating, hot water with heat pumps

Interoperable “smart” thermafusers

Destratification fans for thermal comfort

Induction cooking

30 kW Photovoltaic Array

150 kWh battery (equivalent to three Teslas)

23 car charging stations

Fundamental Energy Efficiency Measures


High Carbon

Low Carbon

Carbon Intensity of the Grid Varies Over Time

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Winter Spring Summer Fall

Project Building Emissions Based on Time of Use

Sonoma Clean Power Headquarters • Building retrofit with high efficiency

rooftop heat pumps

• Smart VAV diffusers

• On-site solar, stationary battery storage, car charging

• NBI Grid Optimal Pilot

• Automatic, grid-signaled HVAC, lighting and plug load demand reduction

• Estimated completion 2020

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rooftop heat pumps







rooftop heat pumps






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PV Array ?

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PV Array ?

Sonoma Clean Power Headquarters: Static Carbon Accounting

Static Carbon multipliers are easy & accessible BUT not useful for Time of Use or Grid Harmonization

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Sonoma Clean Power Headquarters: Hourly Carbon Accounting Emission Sources

Sonoma Clean Power Headquarters: Hourly MARGINAL Carbon Accounting Emission Sources

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Sonoma Clean Power Headquarters: Hourly LONG RANGE MARGINAL Carbon Accounting Emission Sources

Sonoma Clean Power Headquarters: Hourly LONG RANGE MARGINAL Carbon Accounting Emission Sources

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Sonoma Clean Power Headquarters: Which Hourly Emission Factor Is BEST?

• Marginal emission rates are best for project p lanning and carbon mitigation strategies

• L ONG Range Marginal emission rates (30 Year P lanning) good for life cycle c arbon emissions of b u ildings or long range policy development

Sonoma Clean Power Headquarters: Design Modeling

•Traditional Modeling Tools Designed for optimizing energy and cost = NO connection to dynamic carbon

•Energy & Building Performance tools NOT connected to renewable and storage tools automatically

•Charge charging stations NOT modeled in tools easily or modeling the dynamic nature

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Sonoma Clean Power Headquarters:

PGE/SCP A6 TOU Rate • Winter Peak rates fall outside of building warm up

period, NOT aligned with carbon

• Maintaining building temperature and “gentle winter warm up” a key strategy

• Utilizing battery storage early morning a carbon savings advantage

Winter Warm Up Carbon Peaking

Sonoma Clean Power Headquarters:

PGE/SCP A6 TOU Rate • Time of Use Rates NOT Aligned with Carbon on

the Grid with this office occupancy, exacerbated by hotel/motel, restaurant occupancy types

• Solar and battery storage deployment shifts to later day “ramping period” outside CURRENT on peak rate time

Summer Afternoon Carbon Peaking

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Design Optimization: Winter Weekday

•Utilize Battery Storage for building warm up

•Prioritize building warm up and maintain building temps overnight

•Charge Batteries after winter ramping period

Design Optimization: Summer Weekday

•Utilize Battery Storage for afternoon ramping period

•Prioritize self utilization or storage of on-site generation

•Mitigate Building loads in ramping period, temp setback, lighting dimming, etc.

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Design Optimization: Summer Weekday

•Utilize Battery Storage for afternoon ramping period

•Prioritize self utilization or storage of on-site generation

•Mitigate Building loads in ramping period, temp setback, lighting dimming, etc.

Design Optimization: Summer

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Weekend & Excess PV Production, Prioritizes Storage


Weekend & Excess PV Production, Prioritizes Storage

Batteries Carry Through Ramping Period With On-

Site Generated Energy Excess

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Key To Emissions Success: Self Generation and Self Utilization

Optimization Challenge

$$$$$$$

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Riptide Cloud Application

Eaton

Power Xpert

Energy Optimizer

Basis of Design : System Control Architecture


Eaton

Power Xpert

Energy Optimizer


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Eaton

Power Xpert

Energy Optimizer


Proposed Approach

Cost

($

)

$0

$

$

$ $

$$ Cost ($)Key Parameter: $ per pound of CO2

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Proposed Approach

Co

st

($

)

$0

$

$

$ $

$$ Cost ($)

From a study by Enel X on impacts of adding cost of carbon assumptions to a microgrid financial model

Key Parameter: $ per pound of CO2

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REDUCED BUILDING OPERATIONSo 150 kWh battery, PV system: <1 hr.o 150 kWh battery, 30 kW PV system on a sunny day: >1 hr.o 1MWh battery, no PV system: 5 hrs. 20 min

o 1MWh battery, 30kW PV system on a sunny day: 7 hrs.

REDUCED BUILDING OPERATIONSo 150 kWh battery, PV system: <1 hr.o 150 kWh battery, 30 kW PV system on a sunny day: >1 hr.o 1MWh battery, no PV system: 5 hrs. 20 min

o 1MWh battery, 30kW PV system on a sunny day: 7 hrs.

EMERGENCY OPERATION CENTERo 150 kWh battery, no PV system: Almost 3 hours.o 150 kWh battery, 30 kW PV system on a sunny day: Just over 6 hours.o 1MWh battery, no PV system: Over 18 hours.

o 1MWh battery, 30kW PV system on a sunny day: About 40 hours.

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Lessons Learned: • Key To Everything is COST of

CARBON• Eit her align utility rates to Carbon on the

gr id (3-5yr process with CPUC/Utilities

OR• I n clude the high cost of Carbon to the

fin ancial equations• Rat es n eed to adapt to reward self

u t ilization of on site renewable power fir st b efore seeking low carbon energy

o n the grid

• Design tools need to be enabled with:• P V and battery storage sizing tools

• Marginal Emission rates need to be ac c essible like w eather files for different

gr id regions• Ut ility rate adders for cost of Carbon

sh ould be easily added

GOOGLE IOWA DATA CENTER

GOOGLE NORTH CAROLINA DATA CENTER

GOOGLE TAIWAN DATA CENTER

Dynamic Power Purchases Based on

Hourly Carbon Change the Concept of “Net”

Energy or Carbon AND Considers Regional

Resources

https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-sustainability.appspot.com/pdf/24x7-carbon-free-energy-data-centers.pdf

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Panel Discussion

Questions & Answers


www.newbuildings.org

Thank you!

• Alexi Miller

[email protected]

• Mark Frankel

[email protected]

• Brad Jacobson

[email protected]

• Ted Tiffany

[email protected]





connecting electric grid needs with building …...2020/01/30 · o 150 kwh battery, pv system: 1...

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